共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 957 毫秒
1.
通过对地下层状介质探地雷达(GPR)回波广义反射系数的奇偶分解,建立了联系GPR反射系数序列频谱与介质几何参数、电性参数的代价函数,这些介质参数包括地下反射面的深度、层厚度以及各层的介电常数和电导率,从而提出了一种由GPR频谱同时估算地下介质多参数的全局优化反演方法.为了对多参数全局优化算法给出一个合理的参数初值,研究了不同参数对反射系数序列频谱属性的影响规律,提出了利用不同频谱属性分别估算不同参数的分步反演方法.以分步反演方法得到的结果作为多参数全局优化反演的初值,可以极大地提高反演计算的效率和反演结果的可靠性.用理论模型合成数据和GPR公路检测数据对本文方法进行了测试,结果表明本文方法效果良好,具有较高的分辨率,能较好的给出厚度小于调谐厚度的薄层的深度、厚度和介电常数等参数. 相似文献
2.
孔隙介质核磁共振（NMR）弛豫信号的多指数反演在NMR岩芯分析与测井解释中起着关键作用.为了在不同信噪比条件下快速反演出高分辨率的弛豫时间谱，本文利用NMR正演模拟信号以及实验室NMR岩芯分析数据，研究横向弛豫时间布点数、原始回波采集个数、时间域数据压缩方式等对反演结果的影响.同时，在不同信噪比（SNR）下对不同的反演算法(SVD、BRD、SIRT)进行比较，考察反演算法对信噪比的敏感程度，并讨论了相应的校正方法.另外，还分析了信噪比对长、短弛豫组分的影响.研究表明在充分采集有用回波的情况下，减少回波个数，反演得到的弛豫时间谱趋向发散；增加布点数可以提高分辨率，但是需要更多的计算时间；时间域数据压缩可以加快反演计算速度；不同算法对信噪比的敏感程度不同，发展相应的校正方法可以提高反演质量. 相似文献
3.
地下固体介质弹性模量是固体地球定量表征的重要参数,是探测地球内部结构、地下流体分布、设计合理工程方案的关键之一.本文首先简要分析常用的流体饱和孔隙介质岩石物理模型,在此基础上通过数值计算,详细讨论了流体饱和多孔介质等效弹性模量对固体基质、孔隙度、孔隙结构和孔隙流体的敏感性,探讨了利用等效介质弹性模量反演固体基质弹性模量的可行性,建立了固体基质弹性模量的非线性方程系统,提出了该方程系统的数值迭代求解方法,并通过对三类岩石样本实验室测量数据的反演和结果分析,验证了方法的有效性.文中同时通过不同条件下对实验数据的反演,探讨了孔隙结构、孔隙流体和等效介质弹性模量对反演效果的影响,为方法的合理有效应用提供依据. 相似文献
4.
以1985年4月18日云南禄劝地震(Ms=6.1)的15次余震为例, 使用简单介质模型进行近震源记录的地震矩张量反演, 并试图通过反演结果的讨论, 进一步明确有关方法的意义和限度。将DCS-302数字磁带加速度仪组成的小孔径流动台网获得的三分向近震源宽频带记录进行两次积分得到位移地震图, 对依据震相特征选出的信噪比较大的直达P波、直达S波和SP转换波波形在频率域进行矩张量反演。反演中采用均匀弹性半空间的格林函数。计算结果表明, 采用简单的介质模型, 选取信噪比较大的震相进行矩张量反演, 对MLL约为4-5的地震可以较好地给出震源机制解。在不十分了解详细结构的情况下, 用本文所发展的反演方法处理大量中小地震求震源机制和构造应力场是十分便利的。地震矩张量反演的结果给出禄劝地区的主压应力轴为近NNW向, 接近水平, 表明该地震与欧亚板块和印度板块边界的构造运动有关。 相似文献
5.
鄂尔多斯盆地A区块目的层为致密砂岩储层,具有低孔、低渗、非均质性强且厚度薄等特点.常规资料无法分辨薄储层,为满足研究需求,研究区通过提高分辨率处理,获取了宽频地震资料.如何应用宽频资料预测含气有利区成为该区天然气开发面临的主要难题之一.在岩石物理分析的基础上,探索"两步法"分频迭代宽频反演含气性预测方法,首先应用分频反演方法预测泥质含量,在此基础上充分利用地震的高频信息,探索分频迭代约束稀疏脉冲反演方法预测纵波阻抗.将以上结果相结合,预测出A区块本溪组的致密砂岩储层含气有利区.实际应用结果表明,该方法能够有效地预测含气有利区,在一定程度上减少了多解性. 相似文献
6.
油井流动成像电磁测量方法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《中国科学D辑》2008,(Z1)
油井内流体的流动成像需要对非均匀介质进行动态非线性测量,基于油气与水的导电特性和介电特性差异,提出一种电磁成像测量方法,通过在井下激发电磁场对流体流动截面进行扫描测量,经过反演处理,实时成像显示流体分布及流动状况.数值模拟和物理模型实验结果表明,该方法可以获得多相流体流动截面的清晰图像. 相似文献
7.
采用非线性最小二乘法结合蒙特卡罗法,实现宽带高频电磁场椭圆极化率数据的精确反演,确定地下层状介质的真实电阻率和介电常数.反演结果表明,对于均匀半空间和二层介质模型,最小二乘法能够很好地实现反演,而对于三层或更多层的介质,首先利用蒙特卡罗法确定拟合初始模型,再进行最小二乘反演,能够避免收敛到局部极小值,提高了反演的稳定性.为了加速正演响应函数的计算和迭代的速度,采用高密度采样的线性滤波算法,大大加快了该精确反演方法的速度.针对如覆盖区地质填图和土壤调查等大面积确定地质体性质的应用,本文还给出了一种近似反演方法（相位矢量图法）,能够快速获取视电阻率和视介电常数,不仅可以为应用提供有用的基础信息,而且可作为精确反演方法的初始模型. 相似文献
8.
用孔隙、裂隙介质弹性波理论反演岩石孔隙分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
"孔隙、裂隙介质的弹性波动理论"描述了介质中孔隙与裂隙相互作用的弹性波特征,已被广泛用来模拟和解释实际岩石的声学性质.本文将该理论进一步扩展,用以描述孔隙与多形态裂隙体系的相互作用.扩展理论的一个重要应用是模拟实验室流体饱和岩石在压力加载条件下的弹性波速数据,利用不同形态的裂隙在压力作用下产生的波速变化来反演裂隙的纵横比分布谱.对高孔渗砂岩、致密砂岩和花岗岩岩芯数据的反演结果清晰地反映了不同岩性的岩石中裂隙的纵横比分布特征,且与这些岩芯的扫描电镜分析结果一致.本文的研究不仅为扩展理论提供了实验验证,而且给出了一种分析岩石孔隙结构特征的有效方法. 相似文献
9.
声、电频谱测井直接测量声和电探头频谱的实部和虚部.通常情况下,实部信号幅度比较大,与地层参数的关系不密切;虚部的信号比较小,与地层声、电参数关系密切.测量时,换能器在井下,地面(或者井下电路)发射频率可调的正弦波或者方波电压于声、电探头,测量其电压和电流波形,处理其幅度和相位可得到探头的阻抗或导纳的实部和虚部.由于位于井下的探头的辐射声阻抗和电阻抗都与地层参数有关,因此,通过测量换能器的阻抗或导纳随频率的变化关系可获得地层的声电参数.与现有的测井方法测量一个频率(感应测井)或者瞬态声波波形(主频附近)不同,声电频谱测井对频率进行扫描,获得一定频率段的频谱.具体的频率区间根据井眼条件和所测量的地层参数以及探头结构确定.声电频谱测井理论建立井眼条件下频谱的实部和虚部与地层参数之间的关系,测井资料处理则利用这些关系从测量的频谱曲线获得所测量地层的声、电参数.该方法可以在裸眼井和套管井中进行,并且还可以像最早的电极测井那样,直接在地面完成测量,井下只放置探头,不设置电路.这时声电频谱测井通过电缆输入到井下探头的是正弦波或者方波,电缆对测量结果影响比较大.本文首先给出声电频谱测井的现场实验结果,然后讨论电缆的频谱特征以及对测量结果的影响.电缆的频谱峰在探头阻抗发生变化的时候变化比较小,容易从频谱测量结果中区分出来. 相似文献
10.
根据孔隙介质的动电耦合理论设计了一套岩芯渗透率测量系统.实验采用交流锁相放大技术,在低频12~42 Hz范围内完成了砂岩岩样流动电势和电渗实验,得到了流动电势系数KS和电渗压力系数KE,进而计算出岩样动电渗透率,对于中、高渗透率岩样,测量得出的动电渗透率与常规气测渗透率差异较小,两者具有很好的相关性.实验表明,动电测量可作为岩样渗透率测量的一种方法,同时揭示了利用地层动电测井信号反演地层参数的可能性,实验结果对于分析天然地震动电效应也有参考意义. 相似文献
11.
Maryam Sadat Mirkamali Abdolrahim Javaherian Hossein Hassani Mohammad Reza Saberi Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(7):2195-2216
Quality, availability and consistency of the measured and interpreted well log data are essential in the seismic reservoir characterization methods, and seismic petrophysics is the recommended workflow to achieve data consistency between logs and seismic domains. This paper uses seismic petrophysics workflow to improve well logs and pore geometry interpretations for an oil carbonate reservoir in the Fahliyan Formation in the southwest of Iran. The petrophysical interpreted well logs, rock physics and well-to-seismic tie analysis are integrated into the proposed workflow. Our implementation incorporates revising petrophysical well log interpretations and updating pore geometry characteristics to obtain a better well-tie quality. We first propose an improved pore-type characterization approach based on both P- and S-wave velocities for quantifying pore geometry. Then, seismic logs are estimated accordingly, and the results are used in the well-to-seismic analysis. The quality of the well-tie is improved, furthermore, by iterating on the petrophysical interpreted well logs as well as the calculated pore geometries. For the intervals with high-quality data, our workflow improves the consistency between the results of measured and modelled seismic logs. For the intervals with problematic well logs, the application of our proposed workflow results in the successful replacement of the poor data and subsequently leads to an improved wavelet estimation and well-tie results. In both cases, a higher quantification of pore geometries is achieved, which in turn is confirmed by the core images and formation micro-imager analysis. 相似文献
12.
本文提出模拟地层沉积及成岩过程的矿物沉积算法,建立数字岩石模型,并通过对比Micro-CT扫描图像和数值模型的局部孔隙度及平均渗流概率函数分布特征,评价建模的准确性.结果表明,由二维扫描提取的粒径信息作为输入参数,模拟矿物沉积过程建模得到的三维数字岩石模型,能够准确重构原始岩心的非均质性及渗流特性,成功应用于泥质砂岩、碳酸盐岩、页岩等存在多矿物或多尺度孔隙的数字岩石建模中.数字岩石物理是正在兴起的重要技术.数字岩石采用超高分辨率先进成像装备,采集和表征微纳尺度岩石结构,在岩石弹性、电性、核磁、渗流特性等数值计算中发挥重要作用.但是,由于三维直接成像在有限视域内难以表征足够的岩石非均质性,提取二维结构统计特征,利用统计或地质过程法重构具有代表性的三维岩石结构成为十分有价值的研究课题,而且,对业界大量存在的岩石薄片及电镜高清二维图像的深度开发应用也具有重要的现实意义.本文发展的新方法,复原沉积过程,较好地解决了孔隙尺度岩石物理定量研究中数值建模与理论计算的技术瓶颈. 相似文献
13.
《Geofísica Internacional》2014,53(2):163-181
This paper introduces a general nonparametric method for joint stochastic simulation of petrophysical properties using the Bernstein copula. This method consists basically in generating stochastic simulations of a given petrophysical property (primary variable) modeling the underlying empirical dependence with other petrophysical properties (secondary variables) while reproducing the spatial dependence of the first one.This multivariate approach provides a very flexible tool to model the complex dependence relationships of petrophysical properties. It has several advantages over other traditional methods, since it is not restricted to the case of linear dependence among variables, it does not require the assumption of normality and/or existence of moments.In this paper this method is applied to simulate rock permeability using Vugular Porosity and Shear Wave Velocity (S-Waves) as covariates in a carbonate double-porosity formation at well log scale. Simulated permeability values show a high degree of accuracy compared to the actual values. 相似文献
14.
肯吉亚克油田石炭系油藏属持低孔渗、异常高压碳酸盐岩油藏，它除了具有埋深大，非均质性强，油气成藏控制因素复杂等特点外，其上还覆盖巨厚盐丘，造成盐下地震反射时间和振幅畸变严重，地震成像差、信噪比低和分辨率低，给储层预测工作带来极大困难。如何正确预测油藏高产带分布规律是高效开发这类油藏的关键，本文研究从分析形成碳酸盐岩油藏高产带的主控因素入手，通过井震标定，优选反映碳酸盐岩岩相、岩溶、物性和裂缝的地震属性，结合地震、地质、测井、油藏工程和钻井资料，把盐下特低孔渗碳酸盐岩油藏高产带预测问题分解成构造解释、岩相预测、岩溶预测、物性预测、裂缝预测和综合评价等六个环节。宏观上，通过建立断裂、岩相、岩溶模式，定性预测储层分布有利区带；微观上，通过多参数储层特征反演和多属性综合分析，定量、半定量预测有利储层分布，有效解决盐下碳酸盐岩油藏高产带预测难题，基本搞清本区碳酸盐岩油藏高产带分布规律，为优选有利勘探和开发目标提供依据。文中提出的方法和技术对解决国内外碳酸盐岩油藏高产带预测和其他复杂储层预测问题有借鉴作用。 相似文献
15.
利用地震资料进行AVO油气检测,需要提供准确的储层岩石物性参数．通过对准噶尔盆地西部储层岩样实验室测定,得出合不同流体岩石在不同温度、压力下纵横波速度、速度比、泊松比的变化规律及差异．根据其差异性,用Zoeppritz方程做模型正演,以确定目的层有无AVO响应,以便对地震剖面做针对性的特殊处理．实际应用结果表明,用实验室测试的岩石物性参数做模型正演,可提高AVO检测的准确性,为用地震资料结合实验室岩芯测试参数预测地层油、气、水边界提供了有效手段． 相似文献
16.
地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层的岩石物理建模方法(英文) 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
碳酸盐岩油藏的强非均质性以及孔隙结构的复杂性,使得作为连接油藏参数与地震参数重要桥梁的岩石物理模型,以及作为油藏预测和定量表征最有效工具的流体替换成为岩石物理建模的难点与重点。在碳酸盐岩储层复杂孔隙结构与地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层非均质性分析基础上,研究采用岩石网格化方法,将地震尺度下非均质碳酸盐岩储层岩石划分为具有独立岩石参数的均质岩石子体,根据岩石孔隙成因与结构特征采用不同岩石物理模型分步计算岩石子块干岩石弹性模量,并根据不同孔隙连通性进行流体替换,计算饱和不同流体岩石弹性模量。基于计算的岩石子块弹性模量,采用Hashin-Shtrikman-Walpole弹性边界计算理论方法实现地震尺度下碳酸盐岩储层弹性参数计算。通过对含有不同类型孔隙组合碳酸盐岩储层模型的弹性模量进行计算与分析,明确不同孔隙对岩石弹性参数的影响特征,模拟分析结果与实际资料认识一致。 相似文献
17.
目前,针对陆相薄互层油藏实施时移地震监测尚没有明显的突破,加强时移地震方法、理论的研究和应用,对于我国时移地震监测技术的发展和应用具有积极的意义.根据油藏工程理论,在详细分析火烧油层对储层物性影响的基础上,结合已有的实验室岩石物理测量结果,重点就稠油热采过程中温度的剧烈变化对储层岩石和孔隙流体弹性特性的影响进行了较为详细的分析.并开展了薄互层油藏火烧油层地震正演模拟研究.结果表明,在稠油热采过程中,高温高压不仅会使得孔隙流体特性发生显著的改变,而且储层岩石本身弹性特性的变化也非常明显.即使是对于薄层或薄互层,两方面共同的变化将使得稠油热采前后储层弹性特性产生巨大的差异,进而引起显著的地震异常.因此,开展陆相薄互层稠油热采时移地震监测,不仅具有坚实的岩石物理基础,而且具有切实的可行性. 相似文献
18.
We investigate the interactions between the elastic parameters, VP, VS and density, estimated by non-linear inversion of AVA data, and the petrophysical parameters, depth (pressure), porosity, clay content and fluid saturation, of an actual gas-bearing reservoir. In particular, we study how the ambiguous solutions derived from the non-uniqueness of the seismic inversion affect the estimates of relevant rock properties. It results that the physically admissible values of the rock properties greatly reduce the range of possible seismic solutions and this range contains the actual values given by the well. By means of a statistical inversion, we analyse how approximate a priori knowledge of the petrophysical properties and of their relationships with the seismic parameters can be of help in reducing the ambiguity of the inversion solutions and eventually in estimating the petrophysical properties of the specific target reservoir. This statistical inversion allows the determination of the most likely values of the sought rock properties along with their uncertainty ranges. The results show that the porosity is the best-resolved rock property, with its most likely value closely approaching the actual value found by the well, even when we insert somewhat erroneous a priori information. The hydrocarbon saturation is the second best-resolved parameter, but its most likely value does not match the well data. The depth of the target interface is the least-resolved parameter and its most likely value is strongly dependent on a priori information. Although no general conclusions can be drawn from the results of this exercise, we envisage that the proposed AVA–petrophysical inversion and its possible extensions may be of use in reservoir characterization. 相似文献
19.
Michael Dentith Randolph J. Enkin William Morris Cameron Adams Barry Bourne 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(1):178-199
As mineral exploration seeks deeper targets, there will be a greater reliance on geophysical data and a better understanding of the geological meaning of the responses will be required, and this must be achieved with less geological control from drilling. Also, exploring based on the mineral system concept requires particular understanding of geophysical responses associated with altered rocks. Where petrophysical datasets of adequate sample size and measurement quality are available, physical properties show complex variations, reflecting the combined effects of various geological processes. Large datasets, analysed as populations, are required to understand the variations. We recommend the display of petrophysical data as frequency histograms because the nature of the data distribution is easily seen with this form of display. A petrophysical dataset commonly contains a combination of overlapping sub-populations, influenced by different geological factors. To understand the geological controls on physical properties in hard rock environments, it is necessary to analyse the petrophysical data not only in terms of the properties of different rock types. It is also necessary to consider the effects of processes such as alteration, weathering, metamorphism and strain, and variables such as porosity and stratigraphy. To address this complexity requires that much more supporting geological information be acquired than in current practice. The widespread availability of field portable instruments means quantitative geochemical and mineralogical data can now be readily acquired, making it unnecessary to rely primarily on categorical rock classification schemes. The petrophysical data can be combined with geochemical, petrological and mineralogical data to derive explanations for observed physical property variations based not only on rigorous rock classification methods, but also in combination with quantitative estimates of alteration and weathering. To understand how geological processes will affect different physical properties, it is useful to define three end-member forms of behaviour. Bulk behaviour depends on the physical properties of the dominant mineral components. Density and, to a lesser extent, seismic velocity show such behaviour. Grain and texture behaviour occur when minor components of the rock are the dominate controls on its physical properties. Grain size and shape control grain properties, and for texture properties the relative positions of these grains are also important. Magnetic and electrical properties behave in this fashion. Thinking in terms of how geological processes change the key characteristics of the major and minor mineralogical components allows the resulting changes in physical properties to be understood and anticipated. 相似文献
20.
Paul C. Augustinus 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1991,16(6):563-569
Rock resistance to erosion is an often described factor in geomorphic studies, and is generally considered to strongly influence the shape of erosional landforms. However, the property of the rock mass that enables it to resist erosion is rarely considered, and its measurement is rarely justified and assessed adequately. Allison (1988, 1990) examined the intact strength properties of several types of carbonate rocks and considered that dynamic Young's modulus is a good indicator of rock material strength for geomorphic purposes, and cast doubts on the reliability of Schmidt hammer tests for this purpose. Alternative approaches to rock characterization from the view point of evaluating rock intact strength are considered. 相似文献