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利用有限单元法对水下激发极化测深进行数值模拟以研究其异常特征和适用条件.水下的电阻率测深和激电测深均可对水底地质体进行近距离探测,提高探测分辨率.而水底地形对视电阻率测深的影响很大.水底极化体有限元正演模拟的结果表明,水底地形对激发极化测深结果没有影响.采用水下激发极化法进行地质体探测是可行、有效的.通过计算不同水体和水底岩石电阻率对视极化率幅值的影响发现,水体电阻率是影响水下极化率测深的主要因素.由于海水的电阻率过低,观测视极化率异常微弱而不适合开展水下激电工作. 相似文献
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在实际的地球物理勘探过程中,如何根据实际的勘探环境选择合适的观测方式和观测装置一直是地球物理勘探的重要问题之一.本文采用井.地三极和地.井三极联合电阻率观测装置对起伏地形下典型地质体模型进行正演模拟,正演响应的结果表明井-地联合装置比单一地表装置大大提高了对目标地质体位置的分辨能力.当采用井-地三极装置进行观测时,地形会导致异常响应的位置发生偏移,形态无明显改变;而采用地-井三极装置进行观测时,地形会很大程度上改变异常响应的形态和位置,很难有效推断目标地质体位置. 相似文献
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可控源电磁法(CSEM)的正演模拟与反演解释中常忽略激电介质的影响.本文基于电磁三维正反演开源平台ModEM,分别开展了陆地CSEM三维正反演以及考虑激电介质的陆地CSEM三维正演研究,并与一维模型解析解对比验证了三维计算的准确性.数值模拟结果显示,模型含激电效应与不含激电效应的电场E_x频率响应差异明显,激电效应会导致电场E_x幅值减小、相位增加,且对E_x的影响程度与激电异常体的频谱特性及观测的收发距均相关.合成数据的陆地CSEM反演结果显示,数据中含激电效应会使得反演出的异常体在深度、规模和电阻率值上都与真实异常体存在较大偏差,忽略观测数据中的激电效应会明显影响观测的准确性.本文研究表明当陆地CSEM三维观测资料中包含激电效应时,有必要考虑其影响. 相似文献
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起伏地形对类电阻率法的影响不可避免,纯地形会对观测的视电阻率造成异常假象,即使同一种地形对于不同的观测装置其地形引起的异常也完全不同,因此复杂地形条件下的视电阻率异常解释起来十分困难,近年来,在水平及起伏地表情况下的地面电阻率法三维正演取得诸多进展,已逐渐成熟化和实用化,但是起伏地形下井中类电阻率法的正演模拟研究不多,勘探前期对电性体的异常形态特征认识不足．本文采用Gmsh进行几何建模和网格剖分,基于非结构化四面体网格模拟复杂地形,实现了三维井地电阻率法的正演模拟,通过两个理论模型检验了代码正确性与算法的有效性之后,选择了山峰地形下低阻球体、山谷地形下低阻球体和一个山脉峡谷复杂地形模型作为研究对象,给出了井 地二极、井 地三极观测装置下的正演计算结果,对起伏地形下的典型地质体的异常形态特征进行了分析总结,可用于指导野外生产,提高勘察工作的效率和勘探效果,并为进一步研究起伏地表下三维井地电阻率反演奠定基础． 相似文献
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本文利用有限单元法对多种钻井-地表电极联合电阻率观测装置在球体、直立板和水平板体等典型地质体模型上的异常响应进行正演计算,并分析其异常特征和分布规律.计算结果表明利用井中和地表电极的联合观测方式进行地下介质探测,可在兼顾地质体的水平分辨能力的同时,提高电阻率测深在垂向上分辨率.就水平分辨率而言,四极（偶极）装置对地质体的水平定位能力最强,井-地三极装置次之,地-井三极的分辨能力最差.就垂向分辨能力来说,各种观测装置的分辨率相差不大. 相似文献
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围绕综合利用空-地-井多源重力异常联合反演提升精度的目标,提出正则化协同密度反演方法,从而有效利用多维数据的横向和纵向变化特征提高反演精度,且无需先验信息的约束.此外,还提出利用奇异值谱和深度分辨率工具评价航空数据观测高度和层数对反演分辨率的影响.通过理论模型试验本文方法在空-地、地-井等不同情况下的应用效果,结果表明空-地-井重力异常正则化协同密度反演方法能获得更高分辨率、高精度的反演结果,且证明不同的钻孔位置对反演结果有较大的影响,从而可指导实际的空-地-井联合勘探.最后,利用文顿盐丘实际勘探数据进行空地和空地井重力数据协同反演,反演结果垂向分辨率明显优于地面观测数据反演结果,盐盖的顶面及中心埋深与前人研究和地质资料解释相吻合,验证了方法正确性及实用性,为推进我国空-地-井立体重磁勘探提供了重要的技术手段. 相似文献
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采用Gauss Laguerre求积公式对层状介质井中电测地-井方式的ΔV1（电位梯度）、ρa参数进行了理论计算.大量的正演数据揭示在层状介质情况下,井中电测地-井方式观测可以获得台阶异常,与相应的地电层相对应;低阻覆盖层和中间低阻层对井中电测影响很大,厚层覆盖区对地-井方式观测不利;水槽模拟和应用实例表明,分析实测资料时,要考虑层状介质ΔV1、ρa的正常场特征,对实测数据进行正常场改正,分析正常场改正后的ΔV″1异常效果较好. 相似文献
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Out‐of‐plane effects in 2D borehole‐to‐surface resistivity tomography and applications in mineral exploration 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, we discuss the effects of anomalous out‐of‐plane bodies in two‐dimensional (2D) borehole‐to‐surface electrical resistivity tomography with numerical resistivity modelling and synthetic inversion tests. The results of the two groups of synthetic resistivity model tests illustrate that anomalous bodies out of the plane of interest have an effect on two‐dimensional inversion and that the degree of influence of out‐of‐plane body on inverted images varies. The different influences are derived from two cases. One case is different resistivity models with the same electrode array, and the other case is the same resistivity model with different electrode arrays. Qualitative interpretation based on the inversion tests shows that we cannot find a reasonable electrode array to determine the best inverse solution and reveal the subsurface resistivity distribution for all types of geoelectrical models. Because of the three‐dimensional effect arising from neighbouring anomalous bodies, the qualitative interpretation of inverted images from the two‐dimensional inversion of electrical resistivity tomography data without prior information can be misleading. Two‐dimensional inversion with drilling data can decrease the three‐dimensional effect. We employed two‐ and three‐dimensional borehole‐to‐surface electrical resistivity tomography methods with a pole–pole array and a bipole–bipole array for mineral exploration at Abag Banner and Hexigten Banner in Inner Mongolia, China. Different inverse schemes were carried out for different cases. The subsurface resistivity distribution obtained from the two‐dimensional inversion of the field electrical resistivity tomography data with sufficient prior information, such as drilling data and other non‐electrical data, can better describe the actual geological situation. When there is not enough prior information to carry out constrained two‐dimensional inversion, the three‐dimensional electrical resistivity tomography survey is the better choice. 相似文献
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马钦忠 《地震科学（英文版）》2008,21(6):618-628
On July 4, 2006, a MS5.1 earthquake occurred in Wen’an county of Hebei Province of which the epicenter is near the Beijing city. The six geoelectric field monitoring stations have been in operation for several years around the Beijing area to examine the relationship between electric field changes and earthquake. This paper firstly explains the principle of the eliminating noise method by using multi-dipole observation system of the geoelectric field. Then the data observed at the stations are studied and a lot of abnormal signals preceding the Wen’an earthquake are selected, of which five abnormal signals of the geoelectric field are finally recognized as the precursory signals. The result shows that ? there probably exists the precursory signals of the geoelectric field preceding the Wen’an earthquake; ? there are sensitive sites in the spatial distribution of the abnormal variation of the geoelectric field before the quack; ? the anomalous signals do not appear synchronously, and their durations are not same at different stations; ? the amplitudes of the abnormal signals recorded at Baodi station are small, but large at Changli station, while the latter is farther from the epicentral area than the former. 相似文献
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The resistivity and induced polarization responses due to a number of IP targets for a down-hole three-array have been calculated numerically. The IP targets are approximated by triangle-faceted polyhedra; number and size of the facets are limited by the numerical procedure. Despite this limitation a number of profiles have been obtained for a sphere, lens, prolate spheroid and thin dipping slab. The profiles obtained do not differentiate between the shapes of the IP targets, but depend upon the vertical extent of the target within the search-radius of the borehole. The type curves produced could be of use for preliminary interpretation and in the field for planning the next stages of a geophysical survey. The lateral and vertical search radii of the borehole are increased by the use of such an array. For the bodies used it is estimated that the search radii are extended by 2.0 dipole units. 相似文献
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在可控源音频大地电磁法野外作业中,源和勘探区间的距离可达几公里,为了了解源和勘探区间的异常体对勘探区内异常响应的影响,我们用三维压缩积分方程法做了数值模拟研究.首先对勘探区目标体进行了数值模拟,发现在高频时,观测到的异常中心位于目标体的正上方,随着频率降低,出现异常中心向远离源的方向略有移动的现象,所以对三维异常体最好用3D软件来解释.然后,对源和勘探区间存在三维异常体的情况进行了数值模拟与分析讨论.模拟结果表明只有当三维异常体达到较大的规模时,才会对目标体上方的观测曲线造成影响,否则其电阻率的变化及埋深的变化对观测曲线的影响较小,可以忽略.当异常体在源方向有延伸时,观测曲线受到的干扰最大,沿垂直源布设的方向延伸时引起的干扰中等,垂直地面向下延伸引起的干扰最小. 相似文献
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坑（井）-地多参数电磁接收系统在地面、坑道、井中三维空间观测天然场源及人工源电磁信号,观测装置接近或穿过矿体,借助动源、大功率发射可获得更加明显的异常值,旨在加大探测深度的基础上提高深部分辨率,同时获取电阻率、极化率、复阻抗等参数.为坑（井）-地电磁成像方法现场数据采集提供硬件设备支持,针对坑道、井中电磁观测的特殊需求,开发了由不极化电极、非接触电极、小型感应式线圈、微型三分量音频磁传感器、地面-坑道电磁接收机、井中电磁接收机等组成的坑（井）-地多参数电磁接收系统,解决了传统不极化电极坑道硬岩表面接地困难和传统感应式磁传感器难以适应坑道狭窄空间的问题;通过多层次的室内、弱干扰条件下野外测试验证了接收系统的各项技术指标,接收机通道全频段噪声水平接近10 nV/rt（Hz）,微型三分量音频磁传感器体积压缩至32 cm×32 cm×32 cm;强干扰条件下的矿山试验验证了接收系统的可靠性、适用性及先进性. 相似文献
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航空瞬变电磁法以其速度快、成本低、通行性好等的优势能够有效的应用于地质地形条件复杂的地区.目前对于航空瞬变电磁法的研究主要基于平坦地形的理想情况,对于地形效应的研究相对较少,然而实际应用中地形不可避免,若忽略地形影响将对资料解释造成较大的误差,从而制约航空电磁方法的进一步发展.本文基于交错网格的时域有限差分方法对三维起伏地形条件下航空瞬变电磁进行正演模拟,在保证算法准确性的前提下给出大量模型算例.以经典地形模型为例,利用所给方法计算三维正演响应,结果显示起伏对于航空瞬变电磁数据有着显著的影响且影响主要集中在早期.而后,以实际地质资料为基础,构建起伏地形条件下包含多个异常体的三维复杂模型,计算了复杂模型的航空瞬变电磁响应,并给出三维全域视电阻率曲线,从而对地形效应的影响有了更加直观的认知.最后,通过大量模型讨论了地形的尺寸参数、电性参数、飞行轨迹与飞行高度等因素变化对于航空瞬变电磁数据的影响情况,并得出有价值的结论. 相似文献
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The airwave effect greatly influences the observational data from controlledsource electromagnetic exploration in shallow seas, which obscures the abnormal effects generated by exploration targets and, hence, affects the accuracy of the late exploration data interpretation. In this study, we propose a method to separate the main part from the anomalous field of marine controlled-source electromagnetic method (MCSEM) data based on Stratton–Chu integral transforms to eliminate the airwave effect, which dominates observed electromagnetic (EM) response in shallow seawater. This method of separating the main part from the anomalous field is a type of finite impulse response filter based on a discrete data set. Theoretical analysis proved that the method is stable and able to effectively depress noise. A numerical test indicated that the method could successfully eliminate the airwave effect from the observed EM signals generated by an air–water interface and a seawater layer. This technique is applicable for seawater models with either flat or rough seabeds. 相似文献
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D.C. FRASER 《Geophysical Prospecting》1981,29(4):639-651
Dipole-dipole induced polarization (IP) data are displayed typically as multi-level profiles, or as contours on vertical sectional plots referred to as pseudo-sections. The dipole-dipole array tends to yield IP anomalies in which the most anomalous values are displaced laterally from the source body. The data patterns are fairly interpretable on pseudo-sections or on multi-level profiles but are sufficiently complex to discourage the contouring of the data in plan. A method was developed for the presentation of dipole-dipole IP data on a contour map. The method consists of a simple averaging of data which can be performed manually if desired. It yields a single output value per station which reflects all levels of the pseudo-section, and is suitable for contouring in plan. The advantage of the technique is that it provides a quantitative picture of IP anomalies in their background or regional setting. 相似文献
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The southwest border of the Parecis Basin (central Brazil) presents several occurrences of gold, copper and zinc. Parallel to this border, there is an alignment of magnetic anomalies with varied size and polarities. In particular, five magnetic anomalies are referred to, in this study, as SJ1 to SJ5. The proximity of these anomalies to each other makes it hard to isolate the magnetic component associated with each source. Furthermore, these anomalies have different magnetization directions, which require the use of a technique which is slightly or not affected by the presence of a remanent magnetization, as the amplitude of the anomalous magnetic field. Considering that, in these intrusions no outcrops are observed, the enhanced horizontal derivative technique was used to estimate the edges location and the depth of these sources. The geological context, allied to the results from the magnetic techniques, allowed to establish binds to restrain the interpretation of the results of the 3D inversion. This procedure permitted to compose three hypothesis to explain the magnetic behavior of the region, from which can be conclusively determined with a borehole analysis. 相似文献