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1.
初步揭示了影响阿坝牧区造成雪灾的冷空气的源地、移动路径、强度、引导冷空气上高原的有利环流形势。提出了因地形的作用使冷空气在雪灾过程中产生的特征,为监视和预报雪灾天气提供了科学依据。 相似文献
2.
张政 《高原山地气象研究》1999,19(1)
初步揭示了影响阿坝牧区造成雪灾的冷空气的源地、移动路径、强度、引导冷空气上高原的有利环流形势.提出了因地形的作用使冷空气在雪灾过程中产生的特征,为监视和预报雪灾天气提供了科学依据. 相似文献
3.
应用ＥＣＭＷＦ１４４小时５００ｈＰａ高度场资料和实时气象资料,通过车贝发夫多项式展开和冷空气判别,建立了川西北高原雪灾天气中期预报方法。在对１９９５年如１９９６年科半年试报中,效果较好。 相似文献
4.
分析了１９９５－１９９６年冬季我国高原东部地区形成雪灾的降水和平均环流异常的关系，以及雪灾与高原地我冬季降水气候振动及其背景关系。结果表明，高原雪灾和冬季降水从６０、７０年代至８０、９０年代有增多的趋势。 相似文献
5.
600hPa高原低涡生成机制的个例探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过对１９８６年７月１６－１７日一次６００ｈＰａ高原低涡生成的数值试验得出，高原涡的生成与高原短波辐射加热密切相关，地面感热对高原涡的生成起主要作用，高原可减缓北部的冷空气向南运动，该冷空气与副高西侧的偏南气流相遇，在青藏高原特殊下垫面的影响下，极易产生对流性不稳定，低涡扰动与降水。 相似文献
6.
青海南部高原冬半年气温、降水异常的时空分布及其与雪灾的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用１９５９—１９９３年冬半年（１０月—次年３月）青南高原１５个台站的月平均降水量和月平均气温距平资料，采用时空综合的经验正交函数分析方法，对青南高原地区冬半年降水、气温异常的时空分布特征进行了诊断研究，得到了降水与气温异常的典型配置及其反映这些典型场的年际演变规律的时间系数，并在此基础上进一步分析了降水、气温异常的时变特征与青南高原不同区域出现较严重雪灾年份之间的关系。结果表明，青南高原地区发生较严重雪灾的年份与时间系数出现极大（小）值的年份存在较好的对应关系 相似文献
7.
青藏高原雪灾变化对热带海洋海温异常响应的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用青藏高原72个气象台站日积雪观测资料及 Hadley 中心海温月平均资料,在分析高原雪灾频数与海温异常关系的基础上,利用ECHAM5 模式进行雪灾变化对热带海洋关键海域 SSTA响应的敏感性试验。结果表明：（1）1978-2014年青藏高原冬半年雪灾频数总体呈减少趋势,减幅为3.4次/（10 a）,尤以1998年后极为显著。雪灾空间上表现出自北向南递增的分布形式,高值区主要集中在喜马拉雅山脉北坡及嘉黎地区,而柴达木盆地及青海东部农业区为雪灾发生低值区。（2）雪灾频数变化与赤道中东太平洋、热带印度洋海温异常相关显著,敏感性试验表明,在 El Niño模态强迫下,东亚大槽偏弱,新地岛及乌拉尔山地区形成阻塞高压,偏北气流引导冷空气从西伯利亚通道南下,在高原堆积,阿拉伯海暖湿气流经伊朗高原输送至青藏高原;而在印度洋偶极子型海温模态强迫下,中纬欧亚大陆显示正异常,形成高压,同纬度西北太平洋强的负异常,使西伯利亚冷空气与西北太平洋南下湿润气流在南海转为偏南风进入高原,北印度洋异常气旋使部分南海-孟加拉湾暖湿气流进入高原,为高原降雪提供了水汽条件。 相似文献
8.
1气候概况
春季前期冷空气活动频繁,势力较强,气温冷暖波动大,全区大部地区降水较多,部分地区雪灾较重,后期冷空气活动势力较弱.春季气温大部地区偏高1～2℃,中西部地区及东部偏南地区出现大风、沙尘天气,个别地区出现沙尘暴,中西部地区及东部偏南部分地区出现旱情,季内无其它气候灾害出现,日照充足.…… 相似文献
9.
在对1998—2004年冷空气影响高原低涡移出青藏高原 (以下简称高原) 观测事实分析的基础上, 利用NCEP再分析资料对2002年8月12—14日托勒低涡移出高原的位涡进行诊断分析, 并通过数值试验揭示了托勒低涡移出高原的冷空气侵入特征和影响机理。结果表明:这次托勒低涡是受我国东北冷空气影响, 有高位涡空气伸入低涡区, 使冷空气迫近暖湿空气, 低涡处在斜压不稳定增强情况下移出高原的。在低涡区域没有冷空气或我国东北不存在冷温度槽情况下, 将会使伸向高原东北部的冷空气主力偏东、减弱, 使低涡受到我国东北冷空气影响减弱, 斜压不稳定减弱, 从而使高原低涡移出高原的速度减慢, 低涡强度减弱, 尤其是我国东北冷温度槽的影响更为明显, 在我国东北没有冷温度槽存在的情况下, 低涡24 h内西退, 在高原边缘徘徊。 相似文献
10.
2008年1月中旬~3月中旬,四川省甘孜州石渠县发生特大雪灾冻害,尽管此次灾害是在全国大范围低温雨雪冰冻灾害的背景下发生的,但在很多方面都有其特殊性,尤其是局地性特征突出。为今后更好地做好雪灾冻害预测预报及防御工作,作者对此次极端灾害性天气气候事件造成的影响和成因及防灾减灾效果进行了认真分析。结果表明,此次雪灾冻害的强度之大,持续时间之长,危害和损失之重均为当地有气象记录以来少有;2007年8月~2008年5月的拉尼娜事件造成的大气环流异常、地面冷空气活动频繁、西太平洋副热带高压异常偏北、南支槽异常活跃是石渠发生特大雪灾冻害的重要原因,当地特殊的地理位置和地形是雪灾冻害的又一个客观因素;天气气候预报预测、气象服务和相关部门同步开展的防灾救灾工作对最大限度地减轻灾害造成的损失作用明显。 相似文献
11.
我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
12.
Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot
be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic
hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions
of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature. 相似文献
13.
A. A. Lavrova E. S. Glebova I. V. Trosnikov V. D. Kaznacheeva 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(6):363-370
Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by
the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous
weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities
of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical
ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed
that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the
formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex
origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical
wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced.
The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The
computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis. 相似文献
14.
流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
15.
Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
16.
On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
S. S. Zilitinkevich 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1972,3(2):141-145
The heighth
of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h
increases as ¦¦1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as –1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth
u
determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h
u
behaves asymptotically as ¦¦–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh
. 相似文献
17.
1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到… 相似文献
18.
文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。 相似文献
19.
20.
Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献