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1.
Landslides triggered by the 23 November 2000 rainfall event in the Imperia Province, Western Liguria, Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fausto Guzzetti Mauro Cardinali Paola Reichenbach Francesco Cipolla Claudio Sebastiani Mirco Galli Paola Salvati 《Engineering Geology》2004,73(3-4):229-245
From mid-October to 22 November 2000, the western Liguria Region of Italy experienced prolonged and intense rainfall, with cumulative values exceeding 1000 mm in 45 days. The severe rainfall sequence ended on November 23 with a high-intensity storm that dumped more than 180 mm of rain in 24 h. The high-intensity event caused flooding and triggered more than 1000 soils slips and debris flows and a few large, complex landslides. Slope failures caused three fatalities and severe damage to roads, private homes, and agriculture. Large (1:13,000) and very large (1:5000) scale colour aerial photographs were taken 45 days after the event over the areas most affected by the landslides. Through the interpretation of the 334 photographs covering an area of 500 km2, we prepared a landslide inventory map that shows 1204 landslides, for a total landslide area of 1.6 km2. We identified the rainfall conditions that triggered landslides in the Armea valley using cumulative- and continuous-rainfall data, combined with detailed information on the time of landslide occurrence. Landslide activity initiated 8 to 10 h after the beginning of the storm, and the most abundant activity occurred in response to rainfall intensities of 8 to 10 mm per hour. For the Ceriana Municipality, an area where the landslides were numerous in November 2000, we also collected information about a historical event that occurred on 8–11 December 1910 and triggered abundant landslides resulting in severe economic damage. A comparison of the damage caused by the historical and the recent landslide events indicated that damage caused by the 1910 historical event was more diffused but less costly than the damage caused by the 2000 event. 相似文献
2.
C.Y. Kuo Y.C. Tai F. Bouchut A. Mangeney M. Pelanti R.F. Chen K.J. Chang 《Engineering Geology》2009,104(3-4):181-189
The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake triggered the catastrophic Tsaoling landslide in Taiwan. The geomorphological change measured from the data of the 1989 and 2000 aerial photos reveals that the scar and deposit volumes are about 0.126 km3 and 0.15 km3 respectively. The debris material ran over a distance of 1.6 km with 500 m descent in elevation. In this paper, we use the continuum model of hydraulic flow, SHALTOP2D, based on the equations of Bouchut and Westdickenberg to simulate numerically the landslide dynamics. When the mass is moving, the flow is assumed hydrostatic with a basal Coulomb friction. The best fit is obtained using the basal friction angle equal to 6°, the only parameter of the simulation, uniformly applied in the calculation domain. The landslide front reaches the Chinshui river valley, the foothill of the slope, within only about 25 s after initiation and the motion settles in about 113 s. The maximum speed is estimated 75 m/s. The spreading of the deposit agrees well with the field measurement. 相似文献
3.
西藏易贡大滑坡成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2000年4月9日, 西藏林芝地区波密县易贡藏布札木弄沟发生了体积超过3×108 m3的特大规模滑坡, 这是该沟100年(1900—2000年)来发生的第2次大规模滑坡.在卫星遥感影像分析基础上, 结合地质、气象、地震等资料, 对札木弄沟100年内2次发生特大规模滑坡的原因进行了分析, 表明这2次滑坡是地质构造、地层岩性、新构造运动、水文和气象因素共同作用的结果.分析结果还显示, 札木弄沟已进入下一个物质与能量积累过程, 在适当的外部条件作用下, 有可能再次发生滑坡. 相似文献
4.
2022年1月3日18时55分,贵州毕节市金海湖新区归化街道田湾子发生一起顺层滑坡,形成约3.5×104 m3的堆积体,造成14人遇难,3人受伤。综合应用无人机航拍、现场测试等技术手段,文章详细描述了现场的地质调查,初步分析了滑坡体特征、滑坡发生的运动过程和成因机理,并对滑坡残留体的潜在危险进行了监测和分析,为现场救援行动提出搜救建议。初步研究结果认为,滑坡源区特殊的地形地貌条件、风化碎裂的泥质白云岩和不利的岩体结构面是滑坡形成的内因,边坡开挖扰动致斜坡的地表形态和应力分布发生改变是滑坡发生的外因。田湾子滑坡发生前斜坡无明显的变形迹象,灾害发生具有突发性,造成了较大的人员伤亡和经济损失,深入研究田湾子滑坡的形成过程和成灾机理,对贵州山区存在类似条件的地质灾害隐患防治工作具有现实的指导意义。 相似文献
5.
西藏易贡崩塌——滑坡—泥石流的地质地貌与运动学特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2000年4月9日19时59分18.2秒,在西藏自治区波密县境内易贡乡发生了特大崩塌—滑坡—泥石流。构造上它发生在印度板块阿萨姆楔入角复合地带的西侧,也是高原腹地向东侧山地下降的过渡带,重力作用明显。根据便携式GPS定位仪实地测定和滑坡前后的卫星影像分析,崩塌—滑坡—泥石流堆积物形成了一座长约5.7km、宽约1.5km的“天然大坝”,完全堵塞了易贡藏布河干流,崩塌滑坡体总方量超过3.8×10~8m~3。根据区域地震台网的记录,其振动持续的时间为6min,其中最大振幅的持续时间为2min。震相分析表明有3组较为明显的震相,对应着3次较大的地表振动。计算获得崩塌滚落的平均速度约为48m/s,伴随崩塌滚落的同时,滑坡泥石流的平均滑动速度也达到了16 m/s,比一般泥石流流动速度要大一倍。 相似文献
6.
K. Chihara S. Iwanaga K. Ito T. Ogawa K. Hayatsu K. Kosuge 《Engineering Geology》1994,38(3-4):205-219
The Tochiyama landslide is one of several complex, deep-seated and large-scale landslides occurring in the Hokuriku Province in central Japan. The landslide is about 2 km long and about 500–1100 m wide; it occupies an area of approximately 150 ha and has a maximum depth of 60 m. The slide developed on a dip-slope structure, and is divisible into three layers in ascending order: older landslide debris and avalanche deposits, younger debris-avalanche deposits, and talus. The landslide complex is still active. A triangulation point on the upper part of the landslide shifted downhill by 3.3 m from 1907 to 1983, indicating an average rate of 4.3 cm/y. In 1991, the average rate of movement on the sliding surface was also 4.3 cm/y as measured by an automatic system with inclinometers installed in borehole No. 1–2. The rate measured for borehole No. 1–3, located 380 m upslope from No. 1–2, was over twice that of No. 1–2 for the same period; it has since accelerated to about 19 cm/y. Thus current movements on the basal sliding surface are inhomogeneous; the head of the slide complex is increasing the horizontal granular pressures on the lower part of the slide block.
On the basis of dating of two tephra layers and14C dating of carbonized wood intercalated within the landslide body, two stages of slide movement have been distinguished. The earlier occurred between about 46,000 to 25,000 years ago, and the latter occurred since 1361 A.D. The following sequence of events is inferred. During the middle Pleistocene, intense tectonic movements occurred in the Hokuriku Province, and as a consequence dip-slopes were developed in the Tochiyama landslide area. Low-angle fault planes (possibly representing slump features) and fracture zones then developed within flysch deposits underlying the landslide area, causing a reduction in shear strength. The erosion base level was lowered during the Würm glacial age, and due to severe erosion and incision of stream valleys, the surface slope angle rapidly increased, and toe resistance decreased. This combination of causes led to the development of a deep-seated primary landslide. As a result of an accumulation of younger deposits, regional uplift and further local erosion, stability of parts of the region decreased and led to landslide activity of a second stage. Reactivated and locally accelerating creep movements occur today and may forewarn of a stage of reactivated, hazardous rapid sliding, such as occurred with the adjacent and analogous Maseguchi landslide in 1947. 相似文献
7.
《Engineering Geology》2004,73(3-4):193
In two events, on November 15 and 17, 2000, near the Mangart Mountain (2679 m a.s.l.), NW Slovenia, two translational landslides (debris flow slides) with a total volume of more than 1.5 million m3 occurred on the Sto
e slope composed of morainic material filled with silt fraction. The first landslide was associated with a dry and the second landslide with a wet debris-flow, respectively. The rain gauging station in the village of Log pod Mangartom recorded 1638.4 mm of rainfall (more than 60% of the average annual precipitation) in the 48 days before the events (rainfall intensity of 1.42 mm/h in 1152 h). The recorded rainfall depth has a recurrence interval of more than 100 years. Other recorded rainfall depths of shorter duration (481.6 mm in 7 days, 174.0 mm in 24 h, 70 mm in 1 h) have recurrence intervals of much less than 100 years. A hydrological analysis of the event showed that the increase in runoff coefficients during the wet period in autumn 2000 before the landslide was as high as two- to threefold. An analysis using natural isotopes of δ18O and tritium of water samples from the Sto
e landslide area has shown permanent but slow exfiltration of underground waters from a reservoir in the slope. In the case of low-intensity and long-duration rainfall in autumn 2000, relatively low permeable (10−7 m/s) morainic material was nearly saturated but remained stable (average porosity 21%, water content 20%, liquid limit 25%) until high artesian pressures up to 100 m developed in the slope by slow exfiltration from the relatively high permeable (10−5 m/s) massive dolomite. The Sto
e landslide (two debris flow slides) was triggered by high artesian pressures built in the slope after long-duration rainfall. The devastating debris-flows formed from the landslide masses by infiltration of rainfall and surface runoff into the landslide masses and by their liquefaction. 相似文献
8.
《Engineering Geology》2007,89(1-2):112-128
In this study, a complex landslide, which occurred on 17 March 2005 near Koyulhisar town of Sivas Province of Turkey, is presented. The landslide resulted in 15 deaths and the destruction of about thirty houses at Kuzulu village. The main aims of this study are to assess the landslide in terms of engineering geology and geotechnics, to back-analyze the landslide in the source area, and to estimate its motion and destructive forces on structures. Furthermore, the effect of a future earthquake on stability condition of the mobilized but not completely failed mass adjacent to the right flank of the landslide is also investigated. Field observations, eyewitnesses, geomechanical laboratory tests, interpretations on pre-event aerial photographs and analyses using different approaches have been fundamentals of this study. Site observations indicate that the initial landslide in the source area occurred in highly weathered volcanics along a failure surface passing through the volcanics and along the interface between the volcanics and underlying limestone. Then the movement transformed into an earth flow and moved down through a V-shaped channel in the underlying limestone about 2 km until it stopped at a small settlement, which is called Kuzulu. Site observations and back-analysis of the initial slide suggest that the most likely cause should be water pressure increase as it is the season of snow melting and thawing of the groundwater. Interpretations on pre-event aerial photographs and the information obtained from eyewitnesses indicated that slope movements in the study area, where old landslide topography is evident, were continuing for many years. The simulation of the landslide with consideration of Bingham type yielding criterion together with water pressure variation suggested that the maximum velocity of the earth flow was 14.4 m/s and 13.6 m/s when it reached Kuzulu. Furthermore, this evaluation showed that the earth flow reached Kuzulu after 300 s, which is consistent with the information obtained from local people. The impact of the earth flow on the structures could be about 170 kPa against which only reinforced concrete structures may resist. Dynamic analyses suggested that a future earthquake, which may occur in the region, may result in a complete failure of the unstable mass remaining at the source area. 相似文献
9.
2010年6月28日,贵州省关岭县发生大规模滑坡,2010年6月30日中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心根据国土资源部中国地质调查局的部署,紧急派机飞往灾区进行航摄,获取了灾后第3天的高分辨率航摄图像数据,经正射处理后,进行解译提供灾区使用。该解译以QuickBird数据、航摄数据及1∶50 000数字地形、航摄立体像对生成的DEM分别作为滑坡前后的遥感数据源及地理控制数据源。采用数字滑坡技术估算了628关岭滑坡灾害的灾损,解译了滑坡的形态结构及运动方式,利用滑坡前后DEM计算了原斜坡滑走及堆积的滑坡方量,分析了628关岭滑坡成因及存在的地质灾害隐患,并提出防治措施建议。 相似文献
10.
水库岸坡滑坡稳定性主要受库水位涨落的影响。由于库区水位变化可概化为二维非稳定流,地下水位变化可采用有限元模拟。三峡水库正常运行时的水位涨落速度在0.6～4.0m/d、高程145～175m之间变化,通过有限元法对库区的马家沟滑坡模拟表明:库水位和滑坡体内的地下水位同步升降,水力梯度很小,因此水位涨落对滑坡的影响主要是浮托力作用。在此条件下,采用Morgenstern-Price法对滑坡稳定性进行计算表明,随着水位上升,滑坡稳定性降低,水位上升到165m时,稳定性达到最小,水位再上升则稳定性增大,当滑坡完全淹没在水下时的稳定性高于未被淹没的情况,滑坡最终的稳定性按最小稳定系数评价。 相似文献
11.
新疆伊宁县喀拉亚尕奇滑坡动力学特征研究 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
通过对高速远程黄土滑坡动力学特征的研究,提出黄土高速远程滑坡空间预测的模拟方法。以新疆伊宁县喀拉亚尕奇黄土滑坡为例,基于野外地质调查和无人机航拍影像图,结合滑坡研究区的工程地质条件,分析了该滑坡的基本特征和形成条件。研究发现,该滑坡的主要诱发因素是冰雪融水入渗,其孕灾模式主要为四个阶段:后缘拉裂阶段,黄土节理冻胀扩展阶段,融雪入渗失稳阶段,高速下滑阶段。同时利用Rapid模型对滑坡运动全过程进行模拟,计算得到滑坡运动持续时间为26 s,最大运动速度达到22 m/s,堆积体的平均厚度达到5 m等运动特征要素,结果表明Rapid模型可以较好的模拟分析黄土高速远程滑坡动力学效应,为黄土地区类似滑坡的成灾机理和动力学效应分析提供参考。 相似文献
12.
Reid Mark E. Godt Jonathan W. LaHusen Richard G. Slaughter Stephen L. Badger Thomas C. Collins Brian D. Schulz William H. Baum Rex L. Coe Jeffrey A. Harp Edwin L. Schmidt Kevin M. Iverson Richard M. Smith Joel B. Haugerud Ralph A. George David L. 《Landslides》2021,18(9):2993-3009
On 22 March 2014, a massive, catastrophic landslide occurred near Oso, Washington, USA, sweeping more than 1 km across the adjacent valley flats and killing 43 people. For the following 5 weeks, hundreds of workers engaged in an exhaustive search, rescue, and recovery effort directly in the landslide runout path. These workers could not avoid the risks posed by additional large-scale slope collapses. In an effort to ensure worker safety, multiple agencies cooperated to swiftly deploy a monitoring and alerting system consisting of sensors, automated data processing and web-based display, along with defined communication protocols and clear calls to action for emergency management and search personnel. Guided by the principle that an accelerating landslide poses a greater threat than a steadily moving or stationary mass, the system was designed to detect ground motion and vibration using complementary monitoring techniques. Near real-time information was provided by continuous GPS, seismometers/geophones, and extensometers. This information was augmented by repeat-assessment techniques such as terrestrial and aerial laser scanning and time-lapse photography. Fortunately, no major additional landsliding occurred. However, we did detect small headscarp failures as well as slow movement of the remaining landslide mass with the monitoring system. This was an exceptional response situation and the lessons learned are applicable to other landslide disaster crises. They underscore the need for cogent landslide expertise and ready-to-deploy monitoring equipment, the value of using redundant monitoring techniques with distinct goals, the benefit of clearly defined communication protocols, and the importance of continued research into forecasting landslide behavior to allow timely warning.
相似文献13.
2019年7月16日,位于舟曲—化马深大活动断裂带的舟曲县牙豁口发生滑坡,滑坡长1 920 m,宽50~190 m,体积212×104 m3,为典型的推移式大型长条状断层破碎带堆积层滑坡。滑坡自上而下沿原老滑道分级分块逐步发育形成,滑动历时近50天,最大滑距500 m,滑坡破坏X414县道、养鸡场等,并使岷江呈半堵塞状态,影响汛期行洪安全。通过现场调查、监测、无人机测量、岩土试验和收集历史滑坡资料,对牙豁口滑坡形成的地质环境、滑坡发育历史、滑坡分级分块特征、滑动过程和成因进行了系统研究。牙豁口滑坡分为上、下相对独立的两级滑坡。上级滑坡又可分为南支滑块和北支滑块两部分,在老滑坡的基础上长期孕育发展,上级滑坡北支滑块在2013年前就已活动,2019年7月16日上级滑坡南支滑块开始剧烈滑动,并推挤北支滑块前部一同复活滑动。上级滑坡约10×104 m3滑体下滑加载于下级滑坡,下级滑坡于7月24日由上向下逐步扩展变形和滑动,下级滑坡又可分为上、中、下三段滑体,滑坡前缘于8月10日达到岷江边,使岷江呈半堵状态。牙豁口滑坡总体具有孕育历史悠久、滑动历时长、滑动速度较低、分级分块差异性滑动的特点。长期活动的深大断裂带及凹槽状地形、软弱易滑的灰黑色风化破碎炭质板岩、地下水和大气降水的强烈作用、两侧崩滑体的堆积加载是滑坡发生的主要原因。 相似文献
14.
Although intense rainfall and localized flooding occurred as Hurricane Isabel tracked inland northwestardly across the Blue Ridge Mountains of central Virginia on September 18–19, 2003, few landslides occurred. However, the hurricane reactivated a dormant landslide along a bluff of an incised alluvial fan along Meadow Run on the western flanks of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Subsequent monitoring showed retrogressive movement involving several landslide blocks for the next several months. Using dendrochronology, aerial photography, and stream discharge records revealed periods of landslide activity. The annual variation of growth rings on trees within the landslide suggested previous slope instability in 1937, 1972, 1993, 1997, and 1999, which correlated with periods of local flood events. The avulsive and migrating nature of Meadow Run, combined with strong erosional force potential during flood stages, indicates that landslides are common along the bluff-channel bank interface, locally posing landslide hazards to relatively few structures within this farming region. 相似文献
15.
Evaluation of potential landslide damming: Case study of Urni landslide,Kinnaur, Satluj valley,India
This work aims to understand the process of potential landslide damming using slope failure mechanism,dam dimension and dam stability evaluation. The Urni landslide, situated on the right bank of the Satluj River, Himachal Pradesh(India) is taken as the case study. The Urni landslide has evolved into a complex landslide in the last two decade(2000-2016) and has dammed the Satluj River partially since year 2013,damaging ～200 m stretch of the National Highway(NH-05). The crown of the landslide exists at an altitude of ～2180-2190 m above msl, close to the Urni village that has a human population of about 500.The high resolution imagery shows ～50 m long landslide scarp and ～100 m long transverse cracks in the detached mass that implies potential for further slope failure movement. Further analysis shows that the landslide has attained an areal increase of 103,900 ± 1142 m^2 during year 2004-2016. About 86% of this areal increase occurred since year 2013. Abrupt increase in the annual mean rainfall is also observed since the year 2013. The extreme rainfall in the June, 2013; 11 June(～100 mm) and 16 June(～115 mm),are considered to be responsible for the slope failure in the Urni landslide that has partially dammed the river. The finite element modelling(FEM) based slope stability analysis revealed the shear strain in the order of 0.0-0.16 with 0.0-0.6 m total displacement in the detachment zone. Further, kinematic analysis indicated planar and wedge failure condition in the jointed rockmass. The debris flow runout simulation of the detached mass in the landslide showed a velocity of ～25 m/s with a flow height of ～15 m while it(debris flow) reaches the valley floor. Finally, it is also estimated that further slope failure may detach as much as 0.80 ±0.32 million m^3 mass that will completely dam the river to a height of 76±30 m above the river bed. 相似文献
16.
V. Naudet M. Lazzari A. Perrone A. Loperte S. Piscitelli V. Lapenna 《Engineering Geology》2008,98(3-4):156-167
Most of Basilicata region in the southern Italian Apennines is characterized by landslides often developing in clayey–marly formations. Many events have been triggered by extreme rainfall or snowmelt. The most important happened (on February–March 2005) at Bosco Piccolo 5 km far from Potenza. This landslide developed subsequently to rapid snowmelt occurred during alternating short periods of high temperatures and intense and continuous snowfalls. This complex landslide affected 4 ha of surface and reached a maximum depth of 20 m inducing damage and collapse of about 80% of the buildings in the village. An integrated multidisciplinary approach has been adopted to study the landslide. A multitemporal aerial photo interpretation and detailed geomorphological surveys have been carried out. Combined Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Self-Potential (SP) measurements have been performed and calibrated with boreholes stratigraphy. Such an integrated approach allowed us to partially reconstruct the geometry of the investigated body and to evaluate the effectiveness of drainage system planned for the area. 相似文献
17.
Numerical modeling of the June 24, 2015, Hongyanzi landslide generated impulse waves in Three Gorges Reservoir,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Subaerial landslides falling into confined water bodies often generate impulsive waves. Damaging landslide tsunamis in Three Gorges Reservoir, China, have struck several times in the last 15 years. On June 24, 2015, a 23?×?104 m3 slope failure occurred on the east bank of the Daning River opposite Wushan Town. The sliding mass intruded into the Three Gorges Reservoir and initiated a reservoir tsunami that resulted in two deaths and significant damage to shipping facilities. A post-event survey revealed the landslide geometry and wave run-up distribution, while an eyewitness video captured most of the landslide motion. Employing these firm constraints, we applied the Tsunami Squares method to simulate the 2015 Hongyanzi landslide and tsunami. The simulation revealed that the landslide experienced a progressive failure in the first few seconds and impacted the water with a maximum velocity of ~?16 m/s. The initial wave propagated to the opposite shore in an arch shape, and the water surface reached a maximum amplitude of ~?11 m near the landslide. Wave amplitude-time curves at four points on the river cross section show that the initial wave reached Wushan town in about 50 s with an average wave velocity of ~?30 m/s. The maximum wave run-ups on the shoreline opposite the landslide are around 6 m and attenuate to less than 1 m beyond 2-km distance. The landslide simulation matches the observed geological profile and the eyewitness video, and the numerical results coincide with the observed wave run-up heights. Nearly 80% of landslide energy is lost due to frictional resistances, but the remaining fraction imparted to the tsunami carried catastrophic consequences to a large region. The numerical results emphasize the efficiency and accuracy of Tsunami Squares method for a “Quick Look” simulation of a potential landslide. 相似文献
18.
2019年9月14日11时,受多日降雨影响,甘肃省定西市通渭县常家河镇小庄村发生大规模黄土滑坡,体积约800万m3。滑坡造成部分农田、公路及阳坡大桥损毁,直接经济损失约2 347.2万元。在对滑坡现场进行大量地面调查的基础上,通过无人机航拍、现场测绘、走访调查和数值模拟等手段对滑坡的变形破坏特征进行了分析,并在此基础上探讨了其成因机制。结果表明:斜坡体是在震裂、蠕变、软化、水动力等多种条件下按照一定的先后顺序由稳态逐步演化至失稳;该滑坡的失稳演化过程和灾变机制可以概括为原始斜坡(黄土、泥岩二元层状结构)-地震触发(滑坡堆积体、坡体震裂损伤)-蠕变弱化(层间剪切带、裂缝和落水洞扩展)-降雨激发(滑带软化、泥化,水压力作用)-失稳滑动(滑面贯通)5个阶段;由于长期的蠕变和雨水的渗透冲蚀,坡体上的落水洞和地下暗河十分发育,且是控制本次滑坡边界的关键因素;滑坡后缘和前缘变形剧烈,中部变形相对稍弱,推断该滑坡为受地形及地下水作用控制明显的牵引-推移式复合滑坡。 相似文献
19.
Chong Xu Xiwei Xu Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Biswajeet Pradhan Javed Iqbal 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(6):2129-2138
In recent years, earthquake-triggered landslides have attracted much attention in the scientific community as a main form of seismic ground response. However, little work has been performed concerning the volume and gravitational potential energy reduction of earthquake-triggered landslides and their severe effect on landscape change. This paper presents a quantitative study on the volume, gravitational potential energy reduction, and change in landscape related to landslides triggered by the 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquake. At least 2,036 landslides were triggered by the earthquake. A total landslide scar area of 1.194 km2 was delineated from the visual interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images and was supported by selected field checking. In this paper, we focus on possible answers to the following five questions: (1) What is the total volume of the 2,036 landslides triggered by the earthquake, and what is the average landslide erosion thickness in the earthquake-stricken area? (2) What are the elevations of all landslide materials in relation to pre- and post-landsliding? (3) How much was the gravitational potential energy reduced due to the sliding of these landslide materials? (4) What is the average elevation change caused by these landslides in the study area? (5) What is the vertical change of the regional centroid position above sea level, as induced by these landslides? It is concluded that the total volume of the 2,036 landslides is 2.9399?×?106 m3. The landslide erosion thickness throughout the study area is 2.02 mm. The materials of these landslides moved from an elevation of 4,145.243 to 4,104.697 m, resulting in a decreased distance of 40.546 m. The gravitational potential energy reduction related to the landslides triggered by the earthquake was 2.9213?×?1012 J. The average regional elevation of the study area is 4,427.160 m, a value consistent with the assumption that the accumulated materials were remained in situ. This value changes from 4,427.160 to 4,427.158 m with all landslide materials moved out of the study area, resulting in a reduction in elevation of 2 mm. Based on the assumption that all landslide materials moved out of the study area, the elevations of the centroid of the study area’s crust changed from 2,222.45967 to 2,222.45867 m, which means the centroid value decreased by 1 mm. This value is 0.001 mm when assuming that the materials were remained in situ, which is almost negligible, compared with the situation of “all landslide materials moved out of the study area.” 相似文献
20.
近年来,无人机航测技术在地质灾害防治领域广泛应用,特别是在突发性地质灾害应急处置中优势显著。免像控无人机航测技术能够快速获取测绘数据,跟传统航测方法相比,极大的节约了时间和人力成本。文中利用大疆精灵Phantom 4 RTK无人机,对甘肃省舟曲县立节北山滑坡-泥石流灾害进行免像控航测数据获取和处理。根据航测成果快速获取了滑坡形态特征、泥石流沟道特征等相关参数, 分析了滑坡变形迹象,并应用实地测量数据进行免像控航测精度评价分析。研究结果表明:滑坡形态特征、泥石流沟道特征、变形迹象均与实地相符,检核点精度满足《低空数字航空摄影测量内业规范》（GH/Z 3003—2010）数据生产规范,成果数据可用于灾害体变形特征分析、几何参数快速提取,辅助分析评估险情、灾情。对突发性地质灾害应急处置中无人机测绘数据的快速获取工作具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献