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1.
近岸沉积物再悬浮期间所释放溶解有机物的荧光特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对采自厦门湾九龙江人海河口的4个沉积物样品进行了室内再悬浮模拟实验,利用荧光激发-发射矩阵光谱(EEMs)研究了再悬浮过程中从沉积物中释放出的有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的荧光特征,同时通过与相应站位沉积物间隙水和底层水的对比分析,探讨了河口近岸海域的沉积物再悬浮作用作为水体中溶解有机物来源之一的可能性.结果表明,对给定站位,CDOM相对荧光强度和溶解有机碳(DOC)含量分布变化非常一致,均为间隙水最高,再悬浮次之,底层水最低;站位之间,底层水和再悬浮水样中CDOM相对荧光强度随盐度的降低而增加,从海端向河端增加的趋势明显.EEMs分析表明,各样品中均存在类腐殖质荧光与类蛋白质荧光团,且模拟实验也表明再悬浮作用可释放类腐殖质与类蛋白质荧光物质到底层水中,表明底质再悬浮将是近岸水体中CDOM的一个重要来源.与相应的底层水相比,间隙水的荧光峰(如峰A/C)的位置发生红移.再悬浮样品中EEMs的荧光团同时表现出相应底层水和间隙水的特征,但是荧光峰(峰A和峰C)的最大激发和发射波长更接近底层水中相应荧光团,与间隙水相比,则发生谱峰位置的蓝移.近海端样品中荧光峰M明显,随着盐度的降低,底层水和再悬浮水样的γ(M/C)值逐渐降低,且海源的峰M由海端向河端逐渐消失,表明峰M属于海洋自生来源.本研究区域DOM的荧光指数在1.61～1.93之间,表明近海端样品DOM主要为生物来源,而近河端样品DOM主要为陆源输入,或者为陆源与生物活动共同作用的结果. 相似文献
2.
收集了来自俄罗斯、新西兰、婆罗洲、马达加斯加、哥伦比亚和苏门答腊6个不同产地的柯巴树脂,采用宝石显微镜、红外光谱、紫外荧光观察和三维荧光光谱等测试方法对柯巴树脂谱学特征进行了对比研究。婆罗洲、苏门答腊柯巴树脂的红外光谱主要特征为存在3000~2800 cm-1范围内4个吸收峰,1732 cm-1肩峰和1708 cm-1吸收峰,888 cm-1处的弱吸收峰。新西兰柯巴树脂红外光谱主要特征为存在3000~2800 cm-1范围内3个吸收峰,1642 cm-1和888 cm-1处的弱吸收峰。马达加斯加、哥伦比亚和俄罗斯柯巴树脂的红外光谱相似,主要特征为存在与C=C相关的3处组合特征吸收峰以及1270 cm-1和1180 cm-1处的2个吸收峰。在长波紫外荧光下,婆罗洲和新西兰柯巴树脂荧光强度明显强于其他产地样品,马达加斯加柯巴树脂荧光强度最弱。由三维荧光光谱可知,婆罗洲和苏门答腊柯巴树脂中存在445、474、505 nm 3个发射峰,可被416、447 nm波长有效激发;新西兰柯巴树脂的最强发射峰位于385 nm,其最佳激发波长352 nm;俄罗斯柯巴树脂最强发射峰在399 nm,可被354 nm波长最佳激发;哥伦比亚柯巴树脂的最强发射峰为470 nm,被400 nm波长最佳激发;马达加斯加柯巴树脂的最强荧光峰在465 nm,被378 nm波长最佳激发。综合分析认为,三维荧光光谱特征和红外光谱特征可为柯巴树脂的鉴别和分类提供依据。 相似文献
3.
海洋碎屑沉积物的粒度特征是海底沉积动力环境的直接体现,是用来研究海洋动力环境变化的重要手段,尤其是陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布,对于研究沿岸和水柱底边界层现今海洋动力环境可起到重要作用。该项研究通过调查遍布泰国湾至湄公河口海底表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度分布特征,以期获得影响现今特定海域沉积作用的海洋动力环境过程。粒度分析的结果显示,泰国湾表层沉积物的陆源碎屑以细砂-细粉砂为主,分选总体较差,频率分布以正偏为主。其中,细砂-极细砂组分主要分布在曼谷湾和柬埔寨沿岸。湄公河岸外沉积物为细砂,且分选比泰国湾区域的沉积物要好。这些表层沉积物的粒度特征具有良好的环境变化指示作用。湄公河岸外分选较好、近于正态分布的中砂沉积物指示了波浪作用下的沉积环境。曼谷湾和柬埔寨沿岸分选较差的中砂-细砂粗粒沉积物反映了潮汐和波浪的共同作用;泰国湾东西沿岸区域分选中等、呈正偏态的极细砂-中粉砂沉积物体现了潮汐的控制作用;而泰国湾中部分选较差的沉积物则指示了表层洋流作用。研究表明,泰国湾和湄公河岸外表层沉积物陆源碎屑的粒度分布特征可用于区分不同海洋动力因素的控制作用,揭示出泰国湾的沉积动力环境主要受潮汐、波浪和洋流的共同影响,湄公河岸外的沉积动力环境主要受波浪的影响。 相似文献
4.
为探究全球变暖对于高纬度海洋生态环境的影响,对中国第5次北极科学考察在白令海陆架区采集的BL16柱样沉积物中的脂类进行了研究.沉积物中检测到丰富的饱和烃和脂肪酸等化合物,其组成和分布显示,该沉积柱中有机质为陆源和海源混合输入.其中长链正构烷烃和长链饱和正构脂肪酸主要来源于陆源高等植物,饱和异构和反异构脂肪酸主要来源于海洋自生细菌,短碳链正构烷烃、反异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷烃的浓度相互间有较好的相关性,表明其来源较为一致,主要来源于海洋浮游藻类和细菌.海源短链正构烷烃与陆源长链正构烷烃的比值∑C15-21/∑C23-33在0.14~0.90之间,表明该沉积柱中正构烷烃主要以陆源输入为主.沉积柱中短链正构烷烃、反异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷浓度,以及脂肪酸中异构、反异构脂肪酸组分与长链饱和正构脂肪酸组分的相对变化与总有机碳含量（TOC）、总氮含量（TN）变化一致,尤其在20世纪70年代以来明显升高,可能反映了海洋初级生产力持续增加的趋势,并且对全球变暖做出了灵敏的响应. 相似文献
5.
三维荧光光谱是20世纪80年代发展起来的一种新的荧光分析技术,其与紫外荧光光谱相比,前者能获得激发波长和发射波长同时变化时的荧光强度信息,在多组分混合物的定性与定量分析、在环境、生物、化学等方面的应用较成熟,而在珠宝玉石的测试与研究中则应用较少。选取山东蒙阴矿区产出的25颗钻石样品作为研究对象,采用三维荧光和紫外荧光对其进行了测试与分析。结果表明,该钻石样品的三维荧光光谱特征可分为无荧光谱峰、单荧光谱峰、双荧光谱峰和3个荧光谱峰4种类型,与其紫外荧光特征呈一一对应关系。 相似文献
6.
为揭示不同成因类型原油的三维全扫描荧光特征及其主控因素,对50个不同成因类型的原油的三维荧光特征进行了分析。原油样品代表了未熟—低熟至高成熟度范畴原油、淡水与咸水湖相、沼泽相成因原油、高蜡低硫与低蜡高硫油、常规油与重质油等类型。结果表明,分析原油三维荧光谱图及其定量参数有所差异。原油的荧光强度随芳烃含量增加而增加,沼泽相高蜡油荧光强度总体高于湖相原油;荧光强度随成熟度增加而降低、荧光主峰波长随成熟度增加而变短,反映芳烃总量与相对高分子量芳烃丰度具有降低趋势。稠油的荧光谱图不同于常规油,具有波长分布范围宽、主峰不明显等特征。成熟度、母源岩有机质类型与生源、次生改造等多种因素对原油的三维荧光特征有控制作用。 相似文献
7.
为了研究岩溶地下河系统内多种介质中多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度、组成和分布特征,以广西某典型岩溶地下河为例,利用2013-2014年同期的空气、地下河水、沉积物和土壤样品测试数据,对不同环境介质中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度、组成和分布特征进行对比分析。结果表明,空气和地下河水以2~3环PAHs为主,其中空气的2~3环PAHs比例为71.66%,地下河水的2~3环PAHs比例为54.84%;沉积物和土壤以4~6环PAHs为主,其中沉积物的4~6环PAHs比例为54.26%,土壤的4~6环PAHs比例为65.06%;环境介质中PAHs的浓度变化为：上游<中游<下游,这与污染源排放、吸附作用等相关;同一区域不同介质的2~3环PAHs百分比为：地下河水>沉积物>土壤,而4~6环PAHs百分比则相反。 相似文献
8.
本文利用南海中南部8°-12-N,108°40’-114°E区域内获取的222个测站的海底沉积物样品的测试数据,并依据福克一沃德确定的沉积物分类方案,将该区沉积物划分为陆源碎屑沉积、生物碎屑．陆源碎屑沉积和生物碎屑沉积三大类,在此基础上研究了沉积物类型特征和分布范围,以及水动力条件等特征。南海中南部沉积物组分以陆源成分和生物成分为主,其分布具有一定的规律性。从陆架到陆坡直至深海盆,沉积物由粗变细,物质组成则由陆源碎屑沉积渐变为生物碎屑一陆源碎屑沉积、生物碎屑沉积。沉积物核心粒级为生物泥和生物粘土,其次为细砂、砂质泥等,其他粒级成分所占比例较小。水动力条件与水深和地形变化等因素相关,水动力强度具有不明显的自西而东逐渐减弱的趋势。 相似文献
9.
南黄海中部表层沉积物有机质分布与分子组成研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分析南黄海中部501个站位表层沉积物通沉积物有机质、粒度及常量元素特征,了解有机质分布特征及影响因素,并进一步对其中64个站位的进行气相色谱（GC-FID）分析,探讨有机质分子组成。分析表明:南黄海中部总有机碳受水动力影响呈分布西低东高分布,总有机碳与Al2O3含量中值粒径依次相关特性;正构烷烃组成表明有机质主要来源于陆源高等植物,海洋浮游藻类贡献次之,陆源植物中草本植物与木本植物贡献相当,类异戊二烯烃反映了短链正构烷烃明显海洋还原沉积环境;常量元素与正构烷烃参数综合分析表明,南黄海中部陆源有机质主要来自于现代黄河、苏北古黄河输入,体现无机-有机综合分析对有机质物源判断;部分样品具有明显石油源输入特征,细菌对沉积物有机质贡献普遍存在。 相似文献
10.
黄河口及邻近海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用GC-MS测定黄河口及邻近海域表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量,探讨PAHs的分布、来源及潜在生态风险。结果表明沉积物中多环芳烃总浓度为111.3~204.8 ng/g,平均浓度为115.8 ng/g;PAHs高浓度样点多分布在黄河口西北缘、西南缘和东缘。黄河口南部和中部沉积物中的PAHs主要来源于燃烧源,西北缘沉积物的PAHs则呈现出石油源和燃烧源混合的特征。除局部(Sc11,Sc12和Sc18)沉积物PAHs具高潜在生态风险,大部分沉积物PAHs潜在生态风险为中等。 相似文献
11.
芳烃分析在油气化探中的作用和意义 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
三维荧光光谱具有指纹特征,分析钻井岩屑的荧光光谱,可以判别是否含油气或煤;分析油气样品的固定波长同步荧光光谱,可以推断油气是海相或陆相成因;根据荧光光谱的非油气特征,可以辩识污染或干扰.恒定能量同步荧光光谱技术能够消除拉曼光干扰,用于芳烃及石油分析,优于固定波长同步荧光光谱,是油气化探中有应用前途的方法. 相似文献
12.
Perylene formation in sediments of water bodies has been a topic of continual discussion and debate. We report the concentration and age (ca. 660 yr) profiles of perylene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core from Emerald Peak Lake, the largest high mountain lake in Taiwan. Perylene is dominant at all depths of the sediment (ranging from 60% to 98% of total PAHs), a feature not commonly found in other sediments. The concentration profile of perylene with sediment age fits a first order kinetic model, which might be an indication of a steady sedimentary environment. 相似文献
13.
Ronald A. Hites Robert E. Laflamme John G. Windsor John W. Farrington Werner G. Deuser 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1980,44(6):873-878
Fifteen sections from an anoxic sediment core were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Two types of PAH were observed: (a) those from combustion sources such as pyrene and chrysene and (b) those from natural sources such as retene and perylene. The combustion PAH levels in core sections dated between 1900 and 1970 were much higher than in earlier sections; this indicated an anthropogenic origin of these PAH at this location. The perylene and retene core profiles show significant anomalies during the period 1850–1880. Organic carbon does not fluctuate markedly but δC-13 of organic carbon shows several unexplained excursions; one of which correlates with the perylene and retene anomalies. 相似文献
14.
Terry L. Wade David J. Velinsky Eli Reinharz Christian E. Schlekat 《Estuaries and Coasts》1994,17(2):321-333
Concentration of aliphatic, aromatic, and chlorinated hydrocarbons were determined from 33 surface-sediment samples taken from the Tidal Basin, Washington Ship Channel, and the Anacostia and Potomac rivers in Washington, D.C. In conjunction with these samples, selected storm sewers and outfalls also were sampled to help elucidate general sources of contamination to the area. All of the sediments contained detectable concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, DDT (total dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene), DDD (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane), PCBs (total polychlorinated biphenyls) and total chlordanes (oxy-, α-, and γ-chlordane and cis + trans-nonachlor). Sediment concentrations of most contaminants were highest in the Anacostia River just downstream of the Washington Navy Yard, except for total chlordane, which appeared to have upstream sources in addition to storm and combined sewer runoff. This area has the highest number of storm and combined sewer outfalls in the river. Potomac River stations had lower concentrations than other stations. Total hydrocarbons (THC), normalized to the fine-grain fraction (clay + silt, < 63 μm), ranged from 120 μg g?1 to, 1,900 μg g?1 fine-grain sediment. The hydrocarbons were dominated by the unresolved complex mixture (UCM), with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations ranging from 4 μg g?1 to 33 μg g?1 fine-grain sediment. Alkyl-substituted compounds (e.g., C1 to C4 methyl groups) of naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrere + anthracene, and chrysene series dominated the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, and the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) distributions reflect mixtures of combustion products (i.e., pyrogenic sources) and direct discharges of petroleum products. Total PCB concentrations ranged from 0.075 μg g?1 to 2.6 μg g?1 fine-grain sediment, with highest concentrations in the Anacostia River. Four to six C1-substituted biphenyls were the most-prevalent PCBs. Variability in the PCB distribution was observed in different sampling areas, reflecting, differing proportion of Arochlor inputs and degradation. The concentration of all contaminants was generally higher in sediments closer to known sewer outfalls, with concentrations of total hydrocarbon, PAHs, and PCBs as high as 6,900 μg g?1, 620 μg g?1, and 20 μg g?1 fine-grain sediment, respectively. Highest PCB concentrations were found in two outfalls that drain into the Tidal Basin. Concentrations of organic contaminants from sewers draining to the Washington Ship Channel and Anacostia River had higher concentrations than sediments of the mid-channel or river. Sources of PCBs appear to be related to specific outfalls, while hydrocarbon inputs, especially PAHs, are diffuse, and may be related to street runoff. Whereas most point-source contaninant inputs have been regulated, the importance of nonpoint source inputs must be assessed for their potential addition of contaminants to aquatic ecosystems. This study indicates that in large urban areas, nonpoint sources deliver substantial amounts of contaminants to ecosystems through storm and combined sewer systems, and control of these inputs must be addressed. 相似文献
15.
Acta Geochimica - To identify the possible sources and formation mechanism of perylene in sediments, temporal trends of perylene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the organic... 相似文献
16.
K. Opuene Ph.D. I. E. Agbozu Ph.D. L. E. Ekeh M.Phil M.Sc. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2007,4(4):457-462
Perylene and penta-aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in sediments as part of a study that was dedicated to the aquatic ecosystem of Elelenwo Creek (Southern Nigeria) in order to carry out a critical corroboration of occurrence and diagenetic evolution of perylene in the sediments of the creek. The results show that the annual mean levels of Benzo [g, h, i] Perylene ranged from 209.00–245.28 ?g/kg dry weight at the various stations sampled. Meanwhile, Station 3 recorded the highest mean level of 245.28 ?g/kg dry weight. The observed values for total penta-aromatic hydrocarbons were high (787.00–1154.36?g/kg dry weight) in all the stations sampled. In addition, the highest mean value of 1154.36?g/kg dry weight was again recorded at station 3 for the penta-aromatic hydrocarbons. One origin index or concentration ratio of Ip/Ip+BghiP was also used to evaluate the suitability of the penta-aromatic hydrocarbons as a tracer to distinguish between contaminations arising from different sources. The values for the sampling stations therefore ranged from 0.41 to 0.43. A critical appraisal of the PAH index, consequently, suggested that petroleum combustion is the major penta-aromatic hydrocarbon source in sediments of the creek. The PAH group profile shows that perylene was high in the sediments and would pose apparent effects in fauna. The high concentration of perylene in the sediments was also indicative of an in situ biogenic derivation. Furthermore, a concentration of perylene > 10 % of total penta-aromatic hydrocarbons established a credible diagenetic origin. 相似文献
17.
Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment of bitumen deposit impacted area 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
E. O. Fagbote E. O. Olanipekun Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(3):561-570
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls were investigated in sediment of bitumen deposit impacted area of Agbabu, Nigeria, to determine the present level of contamination with these toxic compounds prior to exploitation. Samples were collected during the dry season (March) and the wet season (August) of year 2008. Analysis was carried out with gas chromatography using mass spectrometry detector for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame ionization detector for polychlorinated biphenyls. In the dry season sum of concentration of PAHs ranged from zero to 0.12 ± 0.06 ppm, while in the wet season the minimum was 0.18 ± 0.07 ppm and the maximum was 1.04 ± 0.16 ppm. Most of these values were higher than sum of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations of 1–10 μg/kg indicating that they were likely to come from anthropogenic sources. Average concentrations of PAHs such as naphthalene and benzo (a) pyrene obtained in sediment in the wet season in some of the stations were higher than recommended limits. The linear regression analysis between sum of concentrations and percentage organic carbon showed no significant correlation in sediment in the dry season (r2 = 0.0025) and in the wet season (r2 = 0.1345). The predominance of 4–6 ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the ratios between pairs of individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed that they are likely to have come from pyrolytic sources. No polychlorinated biphenyl congener was detected in the samples. 相似文献
18.
Suspended material collected at various stations in Narragansett Bay was analyzed for fatty acids and hydrocarbons. The qualitative and quantitative distributions of these compounds indicated that the influence of sewage and other pollutants was greatest in the river areas. Based on concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids, the highest densities of phytoplankton were interpreted to occur at the mid and lower Bay stations, and the percentage of phytoplankton in suspended material was estimated from the concentration of heneicosahexaene. The concentrations of fatty acids and hydrocarbons in the suspended material decreased from the river stations to the mid and lower Bay stations, closely following a similar trend observed in the sediment. Possible sources of the suspended material and the influence of these sources on this material in various areas of the Bay are discussed, and attempts are made to interrelate the suspended material, resuspended sediment, phytoplankton, and sewage effluent with chemical and biochemical diagenetic changes. 相似文献
19.
Suspended-sediment and water samples were collected from San Francisco Bay in 1991 during low river discharge and after spring rains. All samples were analyzed for organophosphate, carbamate, and organochlorine pesticides; petroleum hydrocarbons; biomarkers; and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The objectives were to determine the concentrations of these contaminants in water and suspended sediment during two different hydrologic conditions and to determine partition coefficients of the contaminants between water and sediment. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants, such as polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, varied with location of sample collection, riverine discharge, and tidal cycle. Concentrations of hydrophobic contaminants in suspended sediments were highest during low river discharge but became diluted as agricultural soils entered the bay after spring rains. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons defined as dissolved in the water column were not detected. The concentrations sorbed on suspended sediments were variable and were dependent on sediment transport patterns in the bay. In contrast, the relatively hydrophilic organophosphate pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos and diazinon, has a more uniform concentration in suspended sediment. These pesticides were detected only after spring rains. Most of the measured diazinon, at least 98% for all samples, was in the dissolved phase. Measured partition coefficients for diazinon generally were uniform, which suggests that suspended-sediment concentrations were close to equilibrium with dissolved concentrations. The concentration of diazinon sorbed to suspended sediments, at any given sampling site, was driven primarily by the more abundant solution concentration. The concentrations of diazinon sorbed to suspended sediments, therefore, were independent of the patterns of sediment movement. 相似文献
20.
Polycyclic aromatic (PAH) and aliphatic hydrocarbon compositions, organic carbon, nitrogen and lignin contents were determined in whole, unfractionated sediment from the Washington continental shelf and in discrete sediment fractions separated by particle size and density. At least 20 to 25% of perylene and PAH derived from pyrolytic processes and 50% of the retene measured in whole sediment are contained within organic C- and lignin-rich panicles of density ≤ 1.9 g/cc. These particles, which include primarily vascular plant remains and bits of charcoal, comprise less than 1% of the total sediment weight. In contrast, a series of methylated phenanthrene homologs, possibly of fossil origin, are concentrated in some component of the more dense, lithic matrix of the sediment. Equilibrium models of PAH sorption/desorption from aqueous phase onto small particles of high surface area do not appear applicable to the behavior of the major PAH types identified in this aquatic environment. 相似文献