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1.
The community structure of zooplankton was studied in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of the river Chambal polluted by industrial effluents and domestic sewage near Nagda. Thirtytwo species of zooplankton of five main groups, viz. Protozoa, Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda were observed at pre-pollution sampling stations. The abundance, distribution, total population, group percentage and species diversity were studied and correlated with pollution-indicating parameters. Species diversity values indicated a decrease from the sampling station near a pre-effluent point to an effluent discharge channel and an increase at a post-effluent discharge point revealing a slight recovery zone. Keratella tropica and Kellicottia sp. were identified as pollution tolerant taxa. 相似文献
2.
N. Emir 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1994,22(6):280-288
This research has been undertaken to determine the zooplanktonic fauna (Rotatoria, Crustacea) and their seasonal distribution in two lakes with different characters. Çavu?cu lake has a surface area of 1000 ha with a maximum depth of 4 m and is classified as an oligo-mesotrophic lake. Eber lake has a surface area of 5200…17000 ha with a maximum depth of 2.5 m and is classified as an eutrophic lake. Zooplankton samples have been collected seasonally between the period of 1990 to 1993 from three stations with a zooplankton net of 44 μm mesh size. From Çavu?cu lake totally 50 Rotifera, 2 Copepoda, and 7 Cladocera species; 49 phytoplankton genera and 5 macrophytes have been identified while, 37 Rotifera, 3 Copepoda, 5 Cladocera; 45 phytoplankton genera and 6 macrophytes have been identified from Eber lake. 13 new rotifer records for the Turkey were found, which were Brachionus diversicornis, Macrochaetus collinsi, Lecane stichaeta, Cephalodella sterea, Cephalodella auriculata, Trichocerca iernis, Encentrum saundersiae. Pompholyx complanata, Floscularia ringens, Conochilus natans, Filinia pejleri, Rotaria rotatoria, and Philodina megalotrocha. 相似文献
3.
The objective of the study was to determine which factors regulate zooplankton organisms along Lake Nasser. Temperature, pH, DO, conductivity, turbidity, nutrients, and zooplankton abundance were measured. Twenty-three species of zooplankton were recorded in Lake Nasser included in Copepoda, Cladocera and Rotifera. Copepoda represented the main bulk of the community. The lowest standing stock of zooplankton was noticed during spring due to the highest fish predation during this season associated with the lowest turbidity. Big difference in temperature in Lake Nasser along the year round is considered as a controlling factor related to range of tolerance of species. The oscillation of the lake water level and the different factors affect the standing stock of zooplankton in the lake. Thus, continuous monitoring of Lake Nasser biota should be undertaken to follow the changes in the ecosystem. 相似文献
4.
抚仙湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构与空间分布 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
云南抚仙湖是我国典型的高原深水湖泊,为揭示湖中浮游甲壳动物对生态系统变化的响应,研究了其群落结构与空间分布特征.2005年6-7月在抚仙湖共采集浮游甲壳动物8种,平均密度为27.6ind./L,优势类群为桡足类.桡足类优势种为舌状叶镖水蚤(Phyllodiaptomus tunguidus Shen et Tai),枝角类优势种为角突网纹涵(Ceriodaphnia cornuta Sars)和象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.).浮游甲壳动物主要分布在0-30m水层,密度随水深增加而下降;0-10m水层,枝角类和无节幼体占优势,大于10m水层,桡足类占优势.浮游甲壳动物密度南区大于北区(P<0.01),而沿岸区与湖心区之间、沉水植物区与非沉水植物区之间无显著性差异(P>0.05).相关分析表明:浮游甲壳动物密度的垂直分布与藻类密度和水体理化凼子相关关系显著,而水平分布与藻类密度和水体理化因子相关关系不显著.与20世纪80年代相比,抚仙湖浮游甲壳动物优势种发生了演替,西南荡镖水蚤(Neutrodiaptomus mariadviagae mariadviagae (Brohm))消失,被舌状叶镖水蚤代替,可能与太湖新银鱼(Neosalanx taihuensi Chen)引入有关;浮游甲壳动物密度表现出增加趋势,但仍处于较低水平,与水体营养水平的提高及太湖新银鱼的捕食压力有关. 相似文献
5.
安徽女山湖自然保护区浮游生物群落生态 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2007年4月-2009年5月对安徽女山湖自然保护区浮游生物群落生态进行调查研究,共检出浮游植物8门45属113种;浮游动物包括原生动物、轮虫、枝角类、桡足类,共检出33属78种.分析表明女山湖不同季节浮游生物种类组成的变化趋势不同,但整体看来,浮游植物组成以蓝藻为主,浮游动物以轮虫为主;浮游生物量在不同季节波动较大,表现为夏季春季秋季冬季,而不同年份同一季节的生物量变化不大.浮游生物的多样性指数在不同季节的变化较大,而丰富度指数D在不同季节变化不大,大多数在1.3-3.9之间,均匀度指数J′在0.5-0.8之间.平均溶氧量PG达2.62mg/L.综合判定,女山湖属于中富营养型,浮游动物群落结构和组成相对稳定,具有较大的开发利用潜力. 相似文献
6.
太湖新银鱼、鲚鱼的食性比较及相互影响分析 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
在太湖,通过对263个太湖新银鱼和鲚鱼胃含物样本的食物组成分析和比较,研究了两种鱼类间的食物关系;并结合太湖历年鱼类渔获量资料,对渔获量变化间可能存在的相互影响进行了偏相关分析.结果表明:太湖新银鱼在4月份的食物中以桡足类为主,占个数的70.11%±10.57%,其次是枝角类,为29.84%±10.62%,轮虫的数量极少,仅占0.05%±0.11%;在4月份1 鲚鱼的食物中以枝角类为主、占79.35%±11.42%,桡足类占19.97%±10.78%,而轮虫和虾的数量很少,分别占0.49%±0.45%和0.20%±0.44%.而在9-10月份0 鲚鱼的食物中,枝角类占89.77%±13.69%,桡足类占7.84%±11.53%,轮虫占2.39%±4.95%;用Pianka提出的公式,计算两种鱼类在4月份5个采样点的饵料重叠系数平均为0.4739±0.2810,没有达到Keast提出的Ojk＞0.7的严重重叠水平;计算5个采样点的相同食物组成比平均为46.42%±20.32%,和饵料重叠系数接近.而偏相关分析表明:两种鱼类数量变化间的相关关系是负向的,且随着鱼类密度的增加,负相关关系的显著水平有不断提高的趋势.如1973-1984年期间的负相关关系远没有达到显著水平(r=-0.2531 p=0.584),而1985-2004年期间的负相关关系接近显著水平(r=-0.4395 P=0.101).分析认为:太湖新银鱼和鲚鱼的食物虽有重叠,但通常情况下食物竞争并不激烈;种群数量变化间的相互影响是负向的,没有达到显著水平.可能仅在两种鱼类密度很高时,激烈地食物竞争才会发生、并主要表现为对哲水蚤和剑水蚤的竞争;且数量间负向的相互影响有加强趋势. 相似文献
7.
福建山美水库浮游动物群落结构时空特征及其影响因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山美水库既是福建省泉州市饮用水源地,也肩负着为台湾省金门县供水的功能,但春夏季过高的pH值影响了水库水质.为此,从2020年起,调整水库鱼类放养结构和捕捞策略,并研究鱼类群落调控后山美水库浮游动物群落结构的响应及其与环境因子的关系.本研究于2020年和2021年连续两年的1月（冬季）、4月（春季）、7月（夏季）、10月（秋季）调查山美水库21个采样点的浮游动物群落结构和水环境因子.结果共鉴定出浮游动物68属102种,其中轮虫21属41种（40.20%）,原生动物32属41种（40.20%）,枝角类8属13种（12.75%）,桡足类7属7种（6.86%）.2020—2021年山美水库浮游动物平均密度为（1443.05±360.02） ind./L,平均生物量为（1.21±0.27） mg/L,2021年浮游动物密度和生物量显著高于2020年,其中,2021年枝角类和桡足类的密度分别显著高于2020年枝角类和桡足类的密度,2021年库首、库中和库尾区域枝角类生物量显著高于2020年对应区域;2021年桡足类生物量显著高于2020年.春冬季浮游动物群落的优势种主要为原生动物,夏秋季浮游动物群落的优势种主要为轮虫.根据浮游动物密度和生物量评价水体营养状态,夏季山美水库处于中营养状态,春、秋和冬季处于贫营养状态.影响浮游动物群落结构分布的主要环境因子为电导率、水温、溶解氧、硝态氮、透明度和高锰酸盐指数.研究表明调整鱼类放养和捕捞措施提高了浮游动物密度和生物量,基于此提出了通过调整鱼类群落结构改变浮游动物群落结构,进而改善水环境的建议,可为湖泊水库水环境保护和水生生物资源高效利用提供科学依据. 相似文献
8.
The abundance and preferences of individual invertebrate populations (including zooplankton) closely associated with the substrates provided by aquatic plant structures and open-water areas of Lake Nasser were quantified in this study in order to gain understanding of the importance of submerged macrophyte for invertebrate diversity, and their relation to water properties. The following water parameters were measured: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved salts, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulphate, silica, potassium, total hardness, calcium and magnesium.Five macrophyte species were recorded: Myriopyllum spicatum, Najas horrida, Potamogeton schweinfurthii, Potamogeton pectinatus and Vallisneria spiralis. In total 67 invertebrate species were recorded, comprising 39 Rotifera, 12 Cladocera, 4 Copepoda, 4 Insecta, 2 Protozoa, 2 Ostracoda and one species of Turbellaria, Tardigrada, Annelida and Nematoda. Thirty-seven species were exclusively epiphytic, 11 species were collectively planktonic and 19 species were found in both habitats. The greatest abundance of epiphytic invertebrates occurred in association with N. horrida-P. schweinfurthii community.The results indicated that total suspended solids (TSS), TH and NO2 are the most influential water variables on the distribution of the aquatic macrophyte samples and their invertebrate communities. Also, the study indicates that water variables have a higher impact on the aquatic macrophytes than on the associated invertebrate populations. P, NO3, K, Na, Mg, Cl and DO were the most influential water variables that dictate the distribution of invertebrate groups recorded in the open-water zone. Water temperature, electric conductivity, pH, NO2, SO4−−, SiO3−, CO3−− and turbidity have a lesser influence of the distribution of the invertebrates recorded in this zone. 相似文献
9.
淮河干流浮游动物群落结构特征 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
2011年3、6、9和12月对淮河干流11个采样点的浮游动物群落结构进行调查研究,共检出浮游动物79属206种,其中原生动物27属69种,占浮游动物总物种数的33.5%;轮虫35属104种,占50.5%;枝角类12属27种,占13.1%;桡足类5属6种,占2.9%.总体上看,从上游至下游,浮游动物物种数呈现逐渐减少的趋势.浮游动物的丰度和生物量分别为3527447 ind./L和2452 mg/L,轮虫和原生动物丰度是淮河干流浮游动物丰度的主体,轮虫生物量是淮河干流浮游动物生物量的主体,浮游动物及各类群丰度和生物量均表现为从上游到中游逐渐增高的趋势,而从中游到下游呈现逐渐降低的趋势.上游浮游动物多样性指数和均匀度指数高于中、下游.结果表明:淮河干流上游水质为轻污染,中、下游水质为中污染或重污染.浮游动物群落结构和环境因子的冗余分析表明,水温、溶解氧和流速是与淮河干流浮游动物群落结构相关性较强的环境因子. 相似文献
10.
Horizontal and seasonal patterns of tropical zooplankton from the eutrophic Prado Reservoir (Colombia) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zooplankton community analyses can reveal valuable information about the trophic status and secondary production in reservoirs. The zooplankton seasonal distribution and important physical and chemical parameters in Prado Reservoir (Tolima, Central Colombia) were studied in monthly surveys throughout a hydrological cycle (February 2000-January 2001) in order to establish seasonal patterns and the biotic and abiotic relationships for the reservoir. Surface zooplankton collections at 1 m depth were taken at six sampling stations with regard to reservoir morphometry, location of main tributaries and mixing areas of the incoming tributaries. Cladocerans numerically dominated (48.1%) the community throughout the study period followed by Copepoda (32.7%), Rotifera (19.1%), and Diptera larvae (0.01%). Among the cladocerans, there was a greater abundance of Bosmina longirostris (69.8%) than other crustaceans. Among the Rotifera, Brachionus falcatus was the most abundant with 23% and Keratella tropica was least abundant with 8%. The only cyclopoid species found was Thermocyclops decipiens. The phantom midge Chaoborus sp. was also part of the zooplankton community. Based on numbers, cladocerans represented a significant component of the zooplankton in both dry and rainy seasons. Four species (Brachionus spp., K. tropica, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Moina sp., and T. decipiens) had never previously been found in the reservoir, but were recorded for other standing Colombian water bodies. The replacement of B. longirostris instead of Daphnia sp. as dominant species was observed. The results of the comparison of the different studies confirmed that the trophic state of this artificial lake may be classified as eutrophic, and in general, physical, and chemical homogeneity were observed both spatially and temporally. 相似文献
11.
Limnological characteristics of Lake Burdur in Lake District in south‐western Turkey are presented. It is a deep, tectonic (estimated max. depth 100 m), athalassic, highly alkaline, and saline lake. A set of physical and chemical variables was monitored, phyto‐ and zooplankton was sampled from surface layer of the lake during 1997. Physico‐chemical variables indicated that the lake is hyposaline and composed of some hydrochemically different water layers formed by groundwater sources located on the bottom of the lake. The phytoplankton composition of Lake Burdur consisted of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta, and Chrysophyta. The abundance and number of species of Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta were higher than the other taxa. The zooplankton composition of the Lake consisted of Rhizopoda, Rotifera, and Crustacea. Number of species of Rotifera was higher than the other taxa. The diversities of the phyto‐ and zooplankton were calculated according to the Shannon‐Weaver diversity index. The diversity of each group was found to be low in the lake. 相似文献
12.
13.
低洼盐碱地鱼虾混养塘中的浮游生物 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1997年5～9月低洼盐碱地鱼虾混养塘中的浮游生物数量与生物量的月变化特点为：浮游植物中隐藻，裸藻与硅藻生物量在实验期间较高，蓝藻与绿藻在数量上占优势，进入秋季后蓝灌数量逐渐超过绿藻，浮游动物中原生动物，桡足类数量分别在5、6月份占优势；桡足类生物量这两个月占绝对优势，轮虫，原生动物的数量分别在7、8月份优势明显，结果表明实验期间小型浮游生物数量增加，分析表明，低洼盐碱地池塘水体浮游生物的变化与水体营养盐的含量，水产经济活动（鱼虾），水温等因素密切相关。 相似文献
14.
Zoosporic aquatic fungi growing on dead specimens of 29 freshwater crustacean species 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The authors investigated aquatic fungi growing on the carapaces of 29 species of dead crustaceans (13 species of Copepoda, 13 species of Cladocera and 3 species of Ostracoda) in the water from six limnological and trophical different water bodies (two springs, one river, one lake and two ponds). All of these waterbodies are strongly loaded. 146 species of aquatic fungi were found on the carapaces: 40 Chytridiomycetes, 1 Hyphochytriomycete and 105 Oomycetes. The most common fungus species were Karlingia chitinophila, Myzocytium microsporum, Myzocytium zoophthorum, Pythium acanthicum, Pythium butleri and Pythium myriotylum. Most zoosporic fungus species were observed on the specimens of Daphnia pulex (50 fungus species), Daphnia magna (48) and Cyclocypris laevis (44), fewest on Cyclops fuscus and Cyclops vicinus (each 10).The most fungi were growing in the water from River Supraśl (86), the fewest in the water from Pond Fosa (53). Cluster analysis of the investigated parameters carried out in water bodies during the experiment on zoosporic fungus species has revealed that in the water from springs and Pond Fosa the number of fungus species is closely associated with the concentration of sulphates, in water from River Supraśl and Lake Komosa with calcium and in the water from Pond Dojlidy with chlorides. Out of these 146 species, 21 are known as parasites or necrotrophs of fish. Some dead specimens of crustacean species are a new substrate for some fungus species. 相似文献
15.
Plankton community as an indicator of water quality in tropical shrimp culture ponds 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Casé M Leça EE Leitão SN Sant Anna EE Schwamborn R de Moraes Junior AT 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(7):1343-1352
The plankton was examined as an indicator of water quality in 14 shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei farms in Brazil in 2003. The ponds were categorized by high stocking density (>30 PL m−2) of phytoplankton, consisting of 51 species with concentrations ranging from 365,218 ± 416,615 cells mL−1 to 1,961,675 ± 3,160,172 cells mL−1. Diatoms contributed to almost 70% of the species number and high densities resulted from Cyanophyta blooms, mainly Pseudanabaena cf limnetica. Forty zooplankton taxa were registered and were essentially composed of typical marine euryhaline species and suspension-feeders. Copepoda dominated (45%) the make-up, followed by Protozoa (18%), Rotifera (12%), and Mollusca (12%) larvae. Zooplankton varied from 972 ± 209 ind m−3 to 4235 ± 2877 ind m−3. Enhanced nutrient input affected plankton density and composition. Diatom and Copepoda dominance was replaced by cyanobacteria, protozoan, and rotifers as nutrient concentrations increased with the cultured period, indicating that plankton structure is affected by eutrophic conditions. 相似文献
16.
The introduced collecting method is based on a common entomologist exhauster, which is specified for the fieldwork in aquatic systems with a sieve-inset and a bottom-lid. The living organisms are collected visually from the sampled debris and no further extraction is needed. The apparatus is designed for qualitative sampling of microcrustaceans (e.g. Cladocera, Copepoda, Ostracoda) and minimises disturbance at the sampling site. 相似文献
17.
Crustacean zooplankton distribution patterns and their biomass as related to trophic indicators of 29 shallow subtropical lakes 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A comparative limnological study was carried out to present a snapshot of crustacean zooplankton communities and their relations to environmental factors to test whether there is a consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators among lake groups with similar trophic conditions. The study lakes showed a wide range of trophic status, with total phosphorus (TP) ranging from 0.008 to 1.448 mg L−1, and chlorophyll a from 0.7 to 146.1 μg L−1, respectively. About 38 species of Crustacea were found, of which Cladocera were represented by 25 taxa (20 genera), and Copepoda by 13 taxa (11 genera). The most common and dominant species were Bosmina coregoni, Moina micrura, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Cyclops vicinus, Thermocyclops taihokuensis, Mesocyclops notius and Sinocalanus dorrii. Daphnia was rare in abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that except for four species (D. hyalina, S. dorrii, C. vicinus and M. micrura), almost all the dominant species had the same preference for environmental factors. Temperature, predatory cyclopoids and planktivorous fishes seem to be the key factors determining species distribution. TP was a relatively better trophic indicator than chlorophyll a to predict crustacean biomass. Within the three groups of lakes, however, there was no consistent relationship between crustacean biomass and trophic indicators. The possible reason might be that top-down and bottom-up control on crustaceans vary with lake trophic state. The lack of significant negative correlation between crustacean biomass and chlorophyll a suggests that there was little control of phytoplankton biomass by macrozooplankton in these shallow subtropical lakes. 相似文献
18.
Burkhard A. Hense Gabriele F. Severin Gerd Pfister Gerhard Welzl Wolfgang Jaser Karl‐Werner Schramm 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(1):27-37
Microcosm tests were conducted to investigate the effects of the estrogenic substances nonylphenol (NP) and 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE) on aquatic ecosystems. Maximum concentrations of 9 to 120 μg L—1 NP resp. 49 to 724 ng L—1 EE were induced by controlled release. The controlled release method allows the establishment of a continuous concentration course. The microcosms proved to run robustly with abiotic conditions close to natural. They developed biocenosis with similar characteristics as in natural ecosystems and, considering their given level of complexity, they can be used to describe possible risks for the environment. Both tested chemicals unveiled the potential to affect the plankton communities in the tested concentration range. NP exposure caused a reduction of Cladocera and Copepoda abundances and disturbed the phytoplankton structure. A NOECcommunity of 30 μg L—1 was calculated. In the first EE study, a flood in the lake where the microcosm water was collected caused additional stress and thereby a high variability, both between the microcosms and in each microcosm over time. Probably therefore the only effect found was a reduction of Copepoda abundance. In a second EE study Cladocera and Copepoda abundances were reduced, from which the phytoplankton benefited. Although a final interpretation is difficult for results of microcosm tests, there are indications that the found effects of EE and perhaps also NP may be caused at least partially by endocrine disruptive activity. 相似文献
19.
Jean-Louis Jamet 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1994,56(4):376-387
The feeding activity of adult roach (Rutilus rutilus), perch (Perca fluviatilis) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) was studied over a one year cycle to show trophic relations between fish and the prey communities in eutrophic Lake Aydat.Daily consumption rates were referred to the stock of the different age classes of fish. Seven food compartments (phytoplankton, macrophytes, Cladocera, Copepoda, macroinvertebrates, fish and sediment) were used by the fish. The main prey compartment ofR. rutilus were macroinvertebrates (39.7%), sediment (29.0%), macrophytes (15.4%) and phytoplankton (14.9%). Little zooplankton was consumed (2.4%).P. fluviatilis fed mainly on macroinvertebrates and fish fry (both 41.8%) and some zooplankton (15.0%). ForG. cernuus, macroinvertebrates dominated in the diet (97.4%). During spring, Bacillariophyceae and macroinvertebrates represented the principal preys. During summer, insect larvae, phytoplankton and macrophytes were the principal components of the diet. At the end of summer, macrofauna was scare and fish tended to move to the pelagic zone feeding on plankton. In autumn, the prey spectrum was large. During winter, sediment was the most important item consumed, together with some macroinvertebrates. The impact of this fish community through consumption is highest on macroinvertebrates (40.7%), flora (27.7%) and sediment (28.4%). The predation of these three fish on zooplankton was low (1% per day of the zooplankton biomass) and restricted to periods when the other items were scarce. Interspecific competition is not excluded for macroinvertebrates. 相似文献
20.
从细菌、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖动物和有机碎屑等几个方面分析了养鱼对伊乐藻种植区(以下简称为有草区)和无草区水域环境的影响。结果表明:两个区域存在着显著的差异性。有草区由于生长着茂密的水生植被,对环境压迫的缓冲能力增强,水生生物的群落结构较为稳定,物种多样性指数高于无草区,有机物的沉降速率也大大低于无草区。与此相比,无草区对环境压迫的缓冲能力较差,水体浮游植物数量增加,富营养化加剧。通过本项实验可以看出,人工种植伊乐藻对养鱼区水质有着明显地控制作用,是发展生态渔业的一条有效途径。 相似文献