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1.
最小二乘配置最初是在组合各种资料来研究地球形状与重力场的一种数学方法,目前最小二乘配置已经在测绘数据处理中得到广泛应用。本文首先分析了目前采用的最小二乘配置法解算方法,在讨论了矩阵的奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition,SVD)方法的基础上,推导得出了矩阵SVD分解与广义逆矩阵的关系,得出了可以直接利用SVD分解求解矩阵的Moore-Penrose广义逆,并推导了应用SVD分解求解最小二乘配置的估值计算公式和精度估算公式,最后通过重力异常实例进行了计算,得出矩阵的SVD分解用于最小二乘配置解算的正确性和可行性,为最小二乘配置的求解提供了一种新方法。 相似文献
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针对GPS水准与重力似大地水准面之差中存在系统误差的问题,使用最小二乘配置估计信号大小,来提高似大地水准面的拟合精度.对于最小二乘配置的噪声与信号的协方差之间的关系不合理,采用自适应因子纠正两者之间的关系,并首次将自适应最小二乘配置算法应用于似大地水准面精化.最后使用我国东部面积将近2万km2的城市A的数据进行验证,计算结果表明,最小二乘配置及自适应最小二乘配置在一定程度上能够提高拟合效果,使似大地水准面更接近于真实值,实现了国内较大城市面积的1.0 cm检核精度的区域似大地水准面成果. 相似文献
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经典的平差函数模型中只含有无先验统计信息的非随机参数,而针对附有随机参数的平差问题具有很大的局限性,为此在GPS高程拟合中,本文用最小二乘配置模型解决了这一问题,并且通过实际算例,设计两种最小二乘配置拟合方案与二次曲面拟合法进行了比较,结果表明,最小二乘配置拟合残差较小,外符合精度较高,高程拟合效果更好。 相似文献
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最小二乘配置法和Kriging法进行高程转换时均兼顾考虑高程异常的系统部分和随机部分,为对比分析两种方法在GPS高程转化时的优劣性,根据最小二乘配置法的协方差函数（或kriging法的变异函数）的不同,采用五种方案对实测数据进行处理。结果分析证明了以距离作为协方差函数的最小二乘配置法在算法和推估结果可靠性要优于其他方案。 相似文献
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《测绘科学技术学报》2013,(3)
针对如何有效融合陆海交界区域不同分辨率的多源重力数据,本文重点研究了最小二乘配置、多分辨率最小二乘配置和点质量建模理论的数据融合处理方法。通过对实验区的多源观测数据融合处理,结果表明,3种融合方法反演的陆地重力异常数据的外符合精度在3×10-5m.s-2左右。多分辨率最小二乘配置和基于点质量理论的多源重力信息融合处理方法,能够达到有效融合各种分辨率数据的目的。 相似文献
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张亮 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(2):145-148
抗差估计具有较好的抗拒异常观测值及粗差的能力,而最小二乘配置又能较好地处理系统误差,本文结合两者的优点,利用抗差最小二乘配置对数字化地图进行几何纠正,其中对协方差函数采用抗差拟合,得到了较好的结果。实验证明在GIS数据处理的扫描数字化地图几何纠正中,抗差最小二乘配置在抗拒异常值和处理系统误差方面优于单纯的最小二乘估计和单纯的最小二乘配置方法。 相似文献
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高层建筑物的地基沉降量是高层建筑物安全的一个重要指标,根据已有的观测数据对未来的沉降量进行观测可以有效预防灾害的发生。由于沉降量是一个复杂的非线性过程,采用非线性预测方法是一种可行有效的方法。本文将最小二乘支持向量机应用于高层建筑物地基沉降量的预测,对参数分别用交叉验证和遗传算法进行了优化。经过实例验证,最小二乘支持向量机应用于沉降量的预测是可行的,并且遗传算法优化的最小二乘支持向量机的预测沉降量精度更优。 相似文献
9.
针对重力高程异常估值的计算,采用半参数模型L=BX+S+Δ和最小二乘配置模型两种方法来计算,通过算例比较,分析半参数模型和最小二乘配置法的区别与联系。 相似文献
10.
十多年前,在重力大地测量中,已用数理统计方法作内插和预测。这些年来,这种方法已与最小二乘法相结合。形成了一种广义的最小二乘法,也就是所谓的最小二乘配置法是也。本文所要介绍的,就是这种方法。 相似文献
11.
Behzad Behnabian Masoud Mashhadi Hossainali Ahad Malekzadeh 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(11):1329-1350
The cross-validation technique is a popular method to assess and improve the quality of prediction by least squares collocation (LSC). We present a formula for direct estimation of the vector of cross-validation errors (CVEs) in LSC which is much faster than element-wise CVE computation. We show that a quadratic form of CVEs follows Chi-squared distribution. Furthermore, a posteriori noise variance factor is derived by the quadratic form of CVEs. In order to detect blunders in the observations, estimated standardized CVE is proposed as the test statistic which can be applied when noise variances are known or unknown. We use LSC together with the methods proposed in this research for interpolation of crustal subsidence in the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The results show that after detection and removing outliers, the root mean square (RMS) of CVEs and estimated noise standard deviation are reduced about 51 and 59%, respectively. In addition, RMS of LSC prediction error at data points and RMS of estimated noise of observations are decreased by 39 and 67%, respectively. However, RMS of LSC prediction error on a regular grid of interpolation points covering the area is only reduced about 4% which is a consequence of sparse distribution of data points for this case study. The influence of gross errors on LSC prediction results is also investigated by lower cutoff CVEs. It is indicated that after elimination of outliers, RMS of this type of errors is also reduced by 19.5% for a 5 km radius of vicinity. We propose a method using standardized CVEs for classification of dataset into three groups with presumed different noise variances. The noise variance components for each of the groups are estimated using restricted maximum-likelihood method via Fisher scoring technique. Finally, LSC assessment measures were computed for the estimated heterogeneous noise variance model and compared with those of the homogeneous model. The advantage of the proposed method is the reduction in estimated noise levels for those groups with the fewer number of noisy data points. 相似文献
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利用最小二乘配置对非平稳空间随机场进行推估时,趋势项数学模型的选择通常无法完整体现非平稳空间随机场的系统性,这将导致经验协方差函数估计出现偏差,最终推估结果可能错误。提出了一种基于多面函数的改进最小二乘配置方法来解决上述问题。该方法引入多面函数拟合区域内的趋势项,通过多次迭代计算得到稳定的待定系数值与协方差函数的参数值,最后综合趋势项与信号项得到最终估值。分别采用了模拟地震垂直形变数据和2009年意大利L’Aquila地震的合成孔径雷达干涉测量（Interferometric SAR,InSAR）与GPS同震位移数据来对该方法进行验证,并将其结果与常规方法进行比较。结果表明,改进方法在外部检核点估值的均方残差要小于多面函数法与常规的最小二乘配置法,且受采样点位的影响最小。 相似文献
13.
Least-squares collocation with covariance-matching constraints 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christopher Kotsakis 《Journal of Geodesy》2007,81(10):661-677
Most geostatistical methods for spatial random field (SRF) prediction using discrete data, including least-squares collocation
(LSC) and the various forms of kriging, rely on the use of prior models describing the spatial correlation of the unknown
field at hand over its domain. Based upon an optimal criterion of maximum local accuracy, LSC provides an unbiased field estimate
that has the smallest mean squared prediction error, at every computation point, among any other linear prediction method
that uses the same data. However, LSC field estimates do not reproduce the spatial variability which is implied by the adopted
covariance (CV) functions of the corresponding unknown signals. This smoothing effect can be considered as a critical drawback
in the sense that the spatio-statistical structure of the unknown SRF (e.g., the disturbing potential in the case of gravity
field modeling) is not preserved during its optimal estimation process. If the objective for estimating a SRF from its observed
functionals requires spatial variability to be represented in a pragmatic way then the results obtained through LSC may pose
limitations for further inference and modeling in Earth-related physical processes, despite their local optimality in terms
of minimum mean squared prediction error. The aim of this paper is to present an approach that enhances LSC-based field estimates
by eliminating their inherent smoothing effect, while preserving most of their local prediction accuracy. Our methodology
consists of correcting a posteriori the optimal result obtained from LSC in such a way that the new field estimate matches
the spatial correlation structure implied by the signal CV function. Furthermore, an optimal criterion is imposed on the CV-matching
field estimator that minimizes the loss in local prediction accuracy (in the mean squared sense) which occurs when we transform
the LSC solution to fit the spatial correlation of the underlying SRF. 相似文献
14.
Standard least-squares collocation (LSC) assumes 2D stationarity and 3D isotropy, and relies on a covariance function to account
for spatial dependence in the observed data. However, the assumption that the spatial dependence is constant throughout the
region of interest may sometimes be violated. Assuming a stationary covariance structure can result in over-smoothing of,
e.g., the gravity field in mountains and under-smoothing in great plains. We introduce the kernel convolution method from
spatial statistics for non-stationary covariance structures, and demonstrate its advantage for dealing with non-stationarity
in geodetic data. We then compared stationary and non- stationary covariance functions in 2D LSC to the empirical example
of gravity anomaly interpolation near the Darling Fault, Western Australia, where the field is anisotropic and non-stationary.
The results with non-stationary covariance functions are better than standard LSC in terms of formal errors and cross-validation
against data not used in the interpolation, demonstrating that the use of non-stationary covariance functions can improve
upon standard (stationary) LSC. 相似文献
15.
The merging of a gravimetric quasigeoid model with GPS-levelling data using second-generation wavelets is considered so as to provide better transformation of GPS ellipsoidal heights to normal heights. Since GPS-levelling data are irregular in the space domain and the classical wavelet transform relies on Fourier theory, which is unable to deal with irregular data sets without prior gridding, the classical wavelet transform is not directly applicable to this problem. Instead, second-generation wavelets and their associated lifting scheme, which do not require regularly spaced data, are used to combine gravimetric quasigeoid models and GPS-levelling data over Norway and Australia, and the results are cross-validated. Cross-validation means that GPS-levelling points not used in the merging are used to assess the results, where one point is omitted from the merging and used to test the merged surface, which is repeated for all points in the dataset. The wavelet-based results are also compared to those from least squares collocation (LSC) merging. This comparison shows that the second-generation wavelet method can be used instead of LSC with similar results, but the assumption of stationarity for LSC is not required in the wavelet method. Specifically, it is not necessary to (somewhat arbitrarily) remove trends from the data before applying the wavelet method, as is the case for LSC. It is also shown that the wavelet method is better at decreasing the maximum and minimum differences between the merged geoid and the cross-validating GPS-levelling data. 相似文献
16.
This paper addresses implementation issues in order to apply non-stationary least-squares collocation (LSC) to a practical
geodetic problem: fitting a gravimetric quasigeoid to discrete geometric quasigeoid heights at a local scale. This yields
a surface that is useful for direct GPS heighting. Non-stationary covariance functions and a non-stationary model of the mean
were applied to residual gravimetric quasigeoid determination by planar LSC in the Perth region of Western Australia. The
non-stationary model of the mean did not change the LSC results significantly. However, elliptical kernels in non-stationary
covariance functions were used successfully to create an iterative optimisation loop to decrease the difference between the
gravimetric quasigeoid and geometric quasigeoid at 99 GPS-levelling points to a user-prescribed tolerance. 相似文献
17.
联合重力异常和GPS水准数据的最小二乘配置方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对最小二乘配置的基本方法进行了简要介绍,讨论了局部协方差函数模型的确定方法,并利用GPS水准和重力数据,根据移去恢复法,运用最小二乘配置方法进行重力异常和GPS水准的联合配置计算,确定了某市2′30″×2′30″区域似大地水准面模型,并将最终结果与GPS水准数据进行比较分析,通过检核,精度达到±1.6cm。 相似文献
18.
研究最小二来配置中粗差与随机信号的区分性问题。从观测值残差和信号估值及其统计性质出发，根据高斯马尔可夫模型两个备选假设理论，给出了最小二来配置模型中观测粗差的可区分且可发现的表达式。 相似文献
19.
One-year average satellite altimetry data from the Exact Repeat Missions (ERM) of GEOSAT have been used to determine marine gravity disturbances in the Labrador Sea region using the inverse Hotine approach with FFT techniques. The derived satellite gravity information has been compared to shipboard gravity as well as gravity information derived by least-squares collocation (LSC), GEMT3 and OSU91A geopotential models in the Orphan Knoll area. The RMS and mean differences between satellite and shipboard gravity disturbances are about 8.0 and 2.8 mGal, respectively. There is no significantly difference between the results obtained using FFT and LSC. 相似文献
20.
顾及卫星钟随机特性的抗差最小二乘配置钟差预报算法 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了更好地反映钟差特性并提高其预报精度,采用抗差最小二乘配置方法建立一种能够同时考虑星载原子钟物理特性、钟差周期性变化与随机性变化特点的钟差预报模型。首先使用附有周期项的二次多项式模型进行拟合提取卫星钟差的趋势项与周期项,然后针对剩余的随机项及其可能存在的粗差,采用抗差最小二乘配置的原理进行建模,其中最小二乘配置的协方差函数通过对比协方差拟合的方法并结合试验进行确定。使用IGS精密钟差数据进行预报试验,将本文方法与二次多项式模型、灰色模型进行对比,预报精度分别提高了0.457 ns和0.948 ns,而预报稳定性则分别提高了0.445 ns和1.233 ns,证明了本文方法能够更好地预报卫星钟差,同时说明本文的协方差函数确定方法的有效性。 相似文献