共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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F. Costa 《GeoJournal》1991,24(3):269-276
City plans are political documents and changes in the content of plans often reflect changes in the urban political environment. At the time of its annexation into a newly unified Italy in 1870, divergent views abouth the future development of Rome began to emerge. The politically dominant views were expressed in city development olans adopted in 1873 and 1883. These plans stressed eastward expansion and the opening up of the pre-1870 portion of the city with new wider streets. The plans, however, were circumvented by building speculators who developed in areas beyond their boundaries. By the turn of the 20th century a reaction to speculative growth emerged resulting in the adoption of the 1909 plan which stressed core area preservation and peripheral open space protection. 相似文献
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The ancient Chinese notes on hydrogeology 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The ancient Chinese notes on hydrogeology are summarized and interpreted, along with records of some related matters, like groundwater exploration and utilization, karst springs, water circulation, water conservation and saline-land transformation, mine drainage, and environmental hydrogeology. The report focuses only on the earliest recorded notes, mostly up until the Han Dynasty (206 BC??C?AD 25). Besides the references cited, the discussion in this report is based mainly on archaeological material, the preserved written classic literature, and some assumptions and/or conclusions that have been handed down in legends to later ages. Although most material relates to ancient China, the lessons learned may have practical significance worldwide. Compared to other contemporary parts of the world, ancient China, without doubt, took the lead in the field of groundwater hydrology. The great achievements and experience of the Chinese ancestors should provide motivation and inspiration for hydrogeologists to carry out their scientific research and exploration passionately and actively. 相似文献
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The lost world of the olenid trilobites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Trilobites of the Family Olenidae (Upper Cambrian to Upper Ordovidan) were closely tied to an oxygen-poor environment. They show a remarkable range of adaptations, testifying to a singular evolutionary plasticity. 相似文献
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我国首批回收的四块南极陨石类型的确定 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
中国第15次南极考察队于1999年元月在格罗夫山实施首次考察时回收了四块陨石，填补了我国南极陨石回收的空白。根据国际陨石协会命名委员会新回收陨石的命名原则，这些陨石已分别命名为GRV98001，GRV98002，GRV98003和GRV98004。根据初步岩石、矿物以及全岩化学分析，这四块陨石分别属于石质球粒陨石（GRV98001），L5型球粒陨石（GRV98002），H4型球粒陨石（GRV98004）和极细粒八面体缺陨石（GRV98003）。 相似文献
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Based on mineralogical themometry and baroraetry and computation of mineral reactions modelling metamorphic sequence, a geotherm for metamorphic belts of the subduction zones has been deduced. Relatively low PT-values (3 kbar/200° C) correspond to zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite metasediments and at higher pressures and temperatures (10 kbar/400 °C) lawsonite-glaucophane assemblages become unstable. The PT-curve achieves maximum at 11 kbar and 470° C to drop down to normal geotherm (Perchuk 1977). High concentration of H2O in the metamorphic fluid has been revealed, the difference between Pf1 and
being less than 2 kbar. Consideration has also been given to specific thermodynamic regime of zeolite and prehnite-pumpellyite zones of the younger island arcs, where lawsoniteglaucophane zones are absent. Here the geotherm has been found to rise from 0.2kbar/120° C up to 4 kbar/350° C and
-regime similar to that of glaucophane schists formations. 相似文献
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Edwina Palmer 《GeoJournal》1994,33(4):479-485
This paper is a review of the literature on the world-view of the ancient cosmography of Japan. It explores the structure of cosmographical space as it was conceived, through archaeological evidence, historical written records and comparative study of primitive religion. It then goes on to examine in some detail the landscape of that world-view, which reflected the actual physiography of Japan, only in mirror-image. It is argued that several aspects of the ancient world-view continue to influence not only some Japanese customs, but also play an underestimated role in determining some important aspects of land use in modern Japan, particularly that associated with mountains and Shint shrines. 相似文献
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Vladimir Škvor 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1979,68(2):793-804
The geological reconstructions suggest that prior to the Upper-Proterozoic sedimentation the Bohemian Massif was formed by a relatively uniform, stable crust with highgrade metamorphites near the surface. This ancient Moldanubian Formation is thought to be 1000–1800 m. y. old. The lowest Earth's crust layer of the initial Moldanubian structure is inferred to be composed by partially hydrated ultramafics.Three principal units showing different development of the initial structure are briefly discussed. The Moldanubicum represents a rigid block. The old Moldanubian sequence was transformed mainly due to the Paleozoic periplutonic metamorphism. An Upper-Proterozoic graben-type collapse generated the Teplá-Barrandian and Labe basins. Attention is given to the possible causes, mechanism and consequences of the longlasting geosynclinal subsidence. In Erzgebirge and Sudeten the initial Moldanubian structure was transformed in a combined way due to the geosynclinal development and Paleozoic metamorphism. Corresponding changes in the Earth's crust are discussed.
Zusammenfassung Geologische Rekonstruktionen führen zur Ansicht, daß die Böhmische Masse in der Zeitperiode vor der oberproterozoischen Sedimentation aus verhältnismäßig gleichartiger, stabiler Erdkruste mit nahe der Erdoberfläche gelegenen, durch Tiefenmetamorphose umgewandelten Gesteinen bestand. Das Alter dieser »moldanubischen« Formation wird auf 1000 bis 1800 Mill. Jahre geschätzt. Der untere Teil der moldanubischen Ausgangskruste dürfte wahrscheinlich von partiell hydratisierten Ultramafiten aufgebaut worden sein.Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden drei Gebiete besprochen, wo eine unterschiedliche Entwicklung des ursprünglichen Baues erfolgte. Das Moldanubikum bildet einen rigiden Block, worin der ursprüngliche Ausgangsbau vor allem durch die paläozoische periplutonische Metamorphose umgewandelt wurde. In dem Teplá-Barrandium- und dem Labe (Elbe)-Gebiet erfolgte im oberen Proterozoikum eine Grabeneinsenkung des alten Baues in die Tiefe. Im Text wird ein Modell von Ursachen, Mechanismus und Folgen der langfristigen geosynklinalen Subsidenz dieses Gebietes dargestellt. Im Erzgebirge und in den Sudeten wurde der moldanubische Ausgangsbau durch eine geosynklinale Entwicklung und die paläozoische Metamorphose umgewandelt. Die unterschiedliche Entwicklung führte zu Änderungen in der Zusammensetzung und Mächtigkeit der Erdkruste, die in erwähnten Einheiten durch seismische Charakteristik gekennzeichnet wird.
Résumé Une reconstruction géologique montre que le Massif de Bohême était formé — avant la sédimentation du Protérozoique supérieur — par une écorce relativement stable et uniforme avec des métamorphites profondément transformée située près de la surface. L'âge de cette ancienne formation »Moldanubienne« est estimée à 1000–1800 millions d'années. La couche la plus profonde de la croûte originelle de la structure Moldanubienne initiale est considerée comme composée par des roches ultramafiques, hydratées en partie.L'auteur discute brièvement les trois unités principales d'ou découle un développement différent de la structure initiale. Le Moldanubien forme un bloc rigide dans lequel la structure initiale de départ a été transformée principalement par le métamorphisme paléozoïque périplutonique. Au Protérozoïque supérieur, un effondrement du type graben a créé les bassins Teplá-Barrandien et de Labe. Les causes possibles, le méchanisme et les conséquences de la subsidence géosynclinale de longue durée sont étudiées. Dans l'Erzgebirge et dans les Sudètes, la structure moldanubienne initiale a été transformée par le développement géosynclinal de même que par le métamorphisme paléozoïque. Les changements y correspondant dans l'écorce terrestre sont discutées.
, , . «» 1000 1800 . , , . . . . - . , . . .相似文献
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The Hungtsaiping landslides: from ancient to recent 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
A large and deep-seated landslide at Hungtsaiping was triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake with the magnitude of 7.3. Extensive site investigations for the landslide were conducted including field reconnaissance, geophysical exploration, borehole logs, and laboratory experiments. Thick colluvium was found around the landslide area and indicated the occurrence of a large ancient landslide. The Hungtsaiping area involves at least two large landslides events, an ancient rockslide and the 1999 colluvium slide. With the consideration of a source collapse mass, the two landslides in sequence are reasonably reproduced by the distinct element modeling. The modeling is calibrated by rock mass strength behavior through a procedure with the Hoek?CBrown failure criterion, statistical experimental design, and optimization techniques. The mechanism of the 1999 landslide that cannot be revealed by the underground exploration data alone is clarified. The proposed procedure enables a rational and efficient way to determine micro-parameters for the distinct element modeling of landslides. 相似文献
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Eser Deniz Oğuz-Kırca 《GeoJournal》2016,81(1):55-75
In this paper, the water distribution system at the Upper city of a well-preserved medieval town of Hasankeyf near the Tigris is questioned and its relation to the urban settlement pattern is assessed. The discussions are based on the cistern-intensive and available canal data collected within the residential borders of the Upper city in 2005. Being the third level features of the water system, the cisterns the majority of which are now attributable to the “conical, small and individual” typology, have shown that they were actively operated through the open rock-cut canals which were fed by the backbone of the distribution network—namely the siphon system, until recent times. Although a considerable number of converted cisterns hallmark shifts in the function of the water system and the changing conjectures over time, the blue prints of such a big “hydro-design” reveal the competence of semi-arid occupational environments in Upper Mesopotamia in showing how to cope with the topographical constraints and climatic disadvantages and turn these into an opportunity through the efficient use of terrain along with a carefully designed settlement area. That the Upper city now offers numerous water features makes this piece of land quite a representative of the regional works and shows the apex of the perception of ancient technology achieved with the siphon that could have been launched in the Roman era, and the state of art of planning ancient natural and man-made habitats. 相似文献
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新疆古块体的形成与演化 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5
在中亚造山带南缘中国新疆地区划分出塔里木—库鲁克塔格、中天山、伊犁、柯坪四个古块体。塔里木—库鲁克塔格和中天山块体具有一致的前南华纪基底、相似的岩石组合与构造-岩浆演化过程,反映彼此间密切的亲缘性。推测库鲁克塔格在深部可能与塔里木相连,属于塔里木克拉通的一部分。研究表明,中天山是从塔里木克拉通裂解出去的块体,位于两者之间的是通过弧后引张作用而形成的古生代南天山洋盆。伊犁块体在新元古代岩石组合、地层序列、构造环境与演化历史等方面与塔里木块体相似;南华纪裂解以来,差异逐渐明显,并逐渐朝中亚地区的巴尔喀什块体方向运移,到志留纪时增生到哈萨克斯坦板块上,成为巴尔喀什山弯构造带的南部成员。柯坪块体在岩石构造组合、岩层时代、构造环境与演化历史等方面和塔里木—库鲁克塔格、伊犁、中天山三个块体均存在较大差异,属于新元古代洋壳块体。地质证据、岩浆岩年代学证据和碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱表明,新疆地区的前寒武纪块体记录了地球早期演化过程中丰富的地壳活动与岩浆作用信息,对全球多期构造-岩浆事件响应积极,包括全球古陆核生长事件、哥伦比亚超大陆聚合事件、罗迪尼亚超大陆聚合与裂解事件。柯坪块体保留了冈瓦纳大陆聚合的信息。 相似文献
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以产保存完美海生爬行动物和海百合化石为特色，多门类脊柱动物、无脊柱动物共同繁盛，且夹带有少许古植物化石的关岭生物群是世界上极为罕见的珍衡古生物组合。其化石保存之完美，类型之多样，数量之丰富，堪称世界上少有的晚三叠世“化石库”。在该“化石库”中，海生爬行动物主要有鱼龙类（ichthyosaurs)：Qianichthyosaurus zhoui Li(1999),Cymbospondylus asiaticus Li et You(2002),Panjiangsaurus epicharis Chen et Cheng gen.et sp.nov.;海龙类（thalat-tosaurs):Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis(Liu,1999),Xinpusaurus suni(Yin et al.,2000),X.banaolinensis Cheng et Liu sp.nov.Shun齿龙类（placodonts):Sinocymodus xinpuensis Li(2000)以及某些尚待研究的类型。在所储藏的海百合化石中，以重新厘定的许氏创口海百合Traumatocrinus hsui(Mu)[?=T.caudes(Dittmar,1866);?=T.guanlingensis Yu et al.]为主，新的发现说明，此类海百合营假浮游生活方式，它们通过其网状或铰接状根簇附着在漂浮树干上而广泛分布。共存的化石还有：新近发现和重厘定的Metapolygnathus nodosus带的牙形石，少量鱼类（Asialepidotus sp.nov.），大量软骨鱼类（elas-mobranch ichthyoliths）鳞片和牙齿化石的新类型，Trachyceras multituberculatus带的菊石，Halobia-“Daonella” bifurcata组合带的双壳类，以及腕足类：Koninckina guizhouensis,K.zhengfengensis等以及古植物化石：Equisetites arennaceus,Ctenozamites sarrani等。系统调查、科学发掘和对上述各门类化石时代综合分析后指,了这个珍稀生物群形成于晚三叠世卡尼期早－中期，主要产在新铺乡黄土塘、小凹、毛凹、巴毛林和岗乌乡白岩一带小凹组下段，距5－11m的地层间隔中，其分布面积约200km^2。构造古地理及层序、生态、化学地层的综合研究说明，关岭生物群可能是伴随晚三叠世卡尼期早中期的海侵在南盘江裂陷槽盆西北角活动外陆棚边缘所形成的“避难所”中形成和发展起来的。随着海侵的扩大，海水的加深和有机质的过盛贮存所诱发的缺氧和海水的咸化事件，可能是导致该生物群的集群绝灭，并形成完好保存埋藏群落的主要原因。 相似文献
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地热能作为一种零碳、清洁能源,其开发利用对于碳中和具有重要价值。2015-2020年,全球新增地热发电约3649 GW,增长约27%;地热直接利用总装机容量增长52.0%。两者之和,所用热能比2015年增长72.3%。全球每年地热直接利用可防止7810万t碳和2.526亿t CO2排放到大气中。世界地热能发展呈现五大趋势：（1）发展非常规地热系统;（2）向海上地热资源开发进军;（3）降低钻探成本与石油热能协同生产;（4）加大浅层地热能的开发利用;（5）加强含水层热能储存技术研发。 相似文献