共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 24 毫秒
1.
基于磁性矿物的性质变化能敏感记录现在和地质历史时期的气候环境变化信息,环境磁学方法能鉴别环境演化过程中磁性物质在大气圈、水圈和岩石圈中运移、沉积和转化的过程,系统介绍了沉积物中磁性矿物的特征和鉴别方法以及主要的环境磁学参数和意义,着重回顾了环境磁学在以黄土、湖泊和海洋沉积物为载体的古气候环境研究中的应用及其取得的重要进展,指出了环境磁学在古气候环境研究过程中要加强多磁学参数综合应用,促进地质记录和磁学指标之间的定量研究,有利于理解不同沉积物的磁性矿物特征和环境变化过程的相关关系。同时强调沉积物还原成岩作用过程的环境磁学研究是目前以至今后发展的一个重要方向。 相似文献
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《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(3-4):368-385
3.
磁性示踪在土壤侵蚀研究中的应用进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
示踪技术在土壤侵蚀研究中已得到了较广泛的应用，尤其是利用核素示踪（如137Cs、7Be、210Pb和REE示踪）定量研究土壤侵蚀规律和侵蚀机理方面取得了一系列成果。近几年利用磁性示踪研究土壤侵蚀成为示踪技术在土壤侵蚀研究中应用的一种新思路。目前，在利用环境磁性的时空差异性来研究区域内侵蚀泥沙来源，以沉积物磁性作为流域环境变迁指示剂以及利用磁性参数的变化研究土壤侵蚀等方面已取得一些成果，同时也有人提出利用人工磁性示踪剂来研究土壤侵蚀强度的空间分异规律，定量描述侵蚀方式的演变及侵蚀过程的发生、发展规律，并在野外进行了小区试验。但总体上磁性示踪在土壤侵蚀研究中的应用还相对较少。就磁性示踪在土壤侵蚀研究中应用的理论基础以及目前的研究现状作了简要论述，并分析提出了其研究方向和应用前景。 相似文献
4.
A range of mineral magnetic measurements have been carried out on archaeological sediments from Orkney and Cyprus. In a soil profile from Orkney, a magnetic enhancement factor of over 200 is observed in susceptibility data between the bedrock and a Norse sediment. The magnetic enhancement is associated with an increase in superparamagnetic grains probably caused by burning. Until now it has proved difficult to confirm the presence of superparamagnetic grains in natural samples using room temperature magnetic measurements. However, clear differences are to be found between the hysteresis loops of various magnetic domain states, including superparamagnetism. An algorithm has been developed to unmix hysteresis loops in terms of constituent domain states of ferrimagnetic iron oxides. Unmixing 128 hysteresis loops of archaeological sediments has shown that the dominant domain state in all sediments is superparamagnetic. Remarkably uniform superparamagnetic grain sizes of between 80 and 95 Å were found for all 128 sediments. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
5.
长江中下游第四纪沉积物发育土壤磁性增强的环境磁学机制 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：23
对长江中下游第四纪沉积物 (Q3 黄土,Q2 红土和Q3 红土 )发育土壤的磁性增强现象及其物理机制进行了讨论。结果表明 :(1)铁磁性矿物是土壤磁性的主要载体,它们是成土过程中形成的稳定单畴 (SSD)和超顺磁性 (SP)态的次生磁性矿物,没有显示重要的反铁磁性矿物的贡献;(2 )土壤磁化率 (χ)的高低与成土过程产生的稳定单畴和超顺磁性颗粒呈极显著正相关,指示了风化成土作用的强度,磁化率可作为反映成土环境变化的代用指标;(3)频率磁化率 (χfd) 5 %可作为土壤中的超顺磁性颗粒存在与否的临界值,土壤 χfd值的高低同样反映了风化成土作用的强度,可用作研究第四纪环境变化的有用工具之一。 相似文献
6.
对安徽凤阳石英砂工业区土壤剖面的磁学参数和SiO2含量进行测试,结果显示：土壤剖面磁性矿物含量低,磁学性质由磁赤铁矿控制,土壤剖面由上而下可分成3个磁性层;从第一层到第三层磁性逐渐减弱;第三层磁学性质主要由成土母质决定,第一层存在明显的磁性增强现象,引起这种现象的原因可能是次生磁赤铁矿和燃烧作用。磁学参数和SiO2含量显示土壤剖面的第一层已被弱磁性石英尾砂污染,在石英尾砂的稀释作用下,其磁性结构特征发生了改变,磁性矿物含量降低。土壤剖面的磁学参数组合特征及SiO2含量反映了弱磁性石英尾砂对第一层土壤的污染过程。 相似文献
7.
磁学方法在环境污染研究中的应用 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
环境磁学方法问世20多年来，因其快速、灵敏、经济、无破坏性和信息量大的特点，在环境研究中得到广泛的应用。磁学方法可用于传统的污染分析技术（化学）之前的预研究，而后者一般耗费大量人力、物力和时间；它也可以作为环境污染评估的代用指标。近年来，随着世界环境污染问题的日益严重和倍受关注，磁学方法被广泛地应用于环境污染研究。欧洲环境磁学专家在重建污染历史、监测现代环境污染、追踪与分离污染源等方面，开展了大量的工作，并积累了一定的经验。介绍了磁学方法用于污染研究的显著特点、主要用途、野外工作方法以及相关仪器；展示了在大气、土壤、潮滩、河流、湖泊以及海洋等不同环境系统中，利用磁手段研究污染的成果和最新进展；对
于一些难点、热点问题，如磁性机理的研究、多源污染的分离、强烈多变的人类活动对获取有意义磁讯号的影响等，做了相应的分析和总结。 相似文献
8.
《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2017,77(3):421-428
The magnetic particulates from anthropogenic activities can be detected by magnetic methods rapidly and cost-effectively. This study focused on the investigation of vertical variations in magnetic properties in soil profiles and magnetic enhancement originating in Baoshan, Shanghai. Also the feasibility of using arable and urban park soils as a new context for magnetic monitoring was explored. A combination of magnetic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques was applied to three soil profiles. Non-pedogenic magnetic enhancement in topsoil was recorded at all three sites accompanied by coarsening of magnetic grain size. The dominant magnetic properties reflect multi-domain (MD) and pseudo-stable single domain (PSD) ferrimagnetic minerals. Both of magnetic concentrations and grain size decrease with the depth, depending on the pollutant input, soil type and degree of vertical mixing. SEM images confirmed the presence of anthropogenic particulates fly-ash. It was concluded from this study that topsoil magnetic enhancement arising from atmospheric contaminants was readily identifiable in both arable fields and urban parks, thus broadening the scope of magnetic research on urban and industrial pollution. 相似文献
9.
Ivana L. Ozn Charles French Flavia Morello Repetto Carlos A. Vsquez Toms Luppo 《Geoarchaeology》2015,30(6):465-482
This paper focuses on the late Holocene occupation of hunter‐gatherers at the Marazzi 2 site located on the northwestern steppe of Tierra del Fuego, Chile. Our aim is to understand stratigraphy, formation processes, and pedogenesis with respect to human occupation over the last 3000 years. Based on archaeological excavations on a fluvial terrace of the Torcido River, we integrate soil micromorphology, mineralogy, geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility, and geomorphology, as well as the micro‐ and macrofrequency distributions of archaeological material. A micro‐taphonomical perspective is also applied to anthropogenic components recorded in sedimentary thin sections. We discuss various events in the interplay between soil development and human occupation through time. Marazzi 2 was witness to aggradation and pedogenesis with an episode of surface stability coincident with a phase of more intense human occupation at about 860 BC. Taphonomic analysis suggests that there are multiple occupation events mixed together, probably by biomechanical processes, resulting in a palimpsest with poor temporal resolution. 相似文献
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We have applied techniques used in rock magnetism to the study of possible temporal changes in provenance and firing conditions of a collection of Etruscan bucchero pottery fragments representing the interval between 800 B.C. to 400 B.C. To our knowledge, this is the first time that such procedures have been applied to ancient ceramic wares. Our preliminary magnetic measurements demonstrate that this approach can provide useful archaeological information, as exemplified by the following results: (1) Bucchero ceramic styles sottile, spesso, and possibly pesante, contained magnetic particles of similar grain sizes, which suggested a common provenance and similar firing conditions for these pot typologies. (2) Ceramic styles buccheroid impasto and grey bucchero each had magnetic characteristics different from those in (1). However, too few samples of these were available for any definite conclusions. (3) The occurrence of magnetite, and not hematite, in all samples indicated that firing conditions were effectively reducing. (4) Variations in the amount of magnetite in different samples indicated that slight inhomogeneities must have existed in the iron oxide/hydroxide content of the local clay source. Most magnetic techniques are fast, easy, and generally nondestructive. Some magnetic properties, such as initial susceptibility, saturation remanent magnetization, and coercivity of remanence, can even be measured in the field. At the least, magnetic measurements can be used initially to discriminate among different groups of potsherds. Selected samples can then be analyzed with more elaborate methods of archaeometry. 相似文献
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环境磁学及其在西北干旱区环境研究中的问题 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
环境磁学是一门新兴交叉学科,它介于磁学、地学和环境科学之间,主要利用矿物和岩石磁学技术,研究环境中磁性颗粒的风化、剥蚀、搬运、沉积和转化受环境变化影响的过程,为全球环境变化和气候过程研究提供代用指标,环境磁学技术在各种环境研究中得到了广泛应用。文中在简要介绍环境磁学原理和方法的基础上,就目前环境磁学在土壤、黄土、沉积物和大气尘埃等方面研究状况进行了阶段性总结。环境磁学参数在干旱和半干旱地区黄土气候和环境记录重建研究中取得了重大进展,但仍存在较大争议。黄土地层中经常使用的磁化率其粉尘贡献到底有多大?磁学参数在季风区和西风区表现迥异,原因何在?不同粉尘源区的环境磁学参数是否存在较大差异?哪些磁学参数适用于干旱区气候与环境重建?这些问题既是国际学术界亟待解决的重大科学问题,也是环境磁学应用在干旱半干旱区环境研究中所面临的主要问题。深入研究提供黄土物质的干旱半干旱地区现代环境磁学过程或许对解决上述问题具有重要的启示意义。 相似文献
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Kelsey M. Lowe James Shulmeister Joshua M. Feinberg Tiina Manne Lynley A. Wallis Kevin Welsh 《Geoarchaeology》2016,31(3):211-228
In regions that lack built structures or stratified open archaeological sites, such as precolonial Australia, rockshelters are a major source of detailed information for understanding the nature and timing of human occupation. A key concern is that the proposed ages for the earliest archaeological sites are based on luminescence dating of sediments, rather than directly of cultural materials, leaving the association between the sediments and evidence of human activity questionable. Here, we present evidence of magnetic enhancement associated with cultural horizons within the deposits of a Pleistocene rockshelter in interior northern Queensland. Soil magnetic studies combined with experimental burning show that magnetically enhanced sediments in Gledswood Shelter 1 are the result of anthropogenic burning of hearth fires, which burn hotter and for a longer time than natural wild fires. These techniques appear to work in this setting because of the nature of the local geology and the geological antiquity of the landscape. Susceptibility and frequency dependence of susceptibility signatures provide a critical tool to resolve that human occupation starts at 2.2 m depth within a stratigraphic section. In conjunction with luminescence dating, soil magnetic studies provide an opportunity for archaeologists to resolve the timing of human settlement in Australia and other intracratonic plate settings. 相似文献
14.
The absence of fish remains in archaeological sites in Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland, Australia, may be a function of recovery techniques, rather than a reflection of resource paucity and late onset of occupation, as has been posited in archaeological literature. An excavation on Peel Island in Moreton Bay was devised, in part, to test this proposition, and a 1‐mm mesh screen was used to enhance recovery. But sorting this fine fraction took 20 h. In this article we outline experiments to find a more efficient and effective technique for sieving and sorting fine fraction archaeological deposits, using methods borrowed from soil science. We show how sorting time can be reduced to 2 h 30 min per 100 g sample and argue that the vast increase in knowledge about the site occurring as a result of using the very fine mesh sieve warrants the continued application of these laboratory methods. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
15.
主要论述了用于直接寻找油气田的土壤综合物性勘探的机理和方法技术,包括土壤磁性（磁化率、天然剩磁、原生剩磁）、电性（电导率、氧化还原电位）、放射性等综合参数的利用。该方法成本低廉、野外施工简单、快捷,物性参数可在野外和实验室测定,属无源和非破坏性的勘探技术,为直接寻找油气田提供了一种新的思路和新的方法技术。 相似文献
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The pedogenic ferrimagnetic minerals have been considered to be the cause of magnetic susceptibility enhancement in loess
deposits distributing in the Chinese Loess Plateau and Central Europe, while “wind intensity” mechanism is proposed to be
responsible for the magnetic susceptibility enhancement of loess in Alaska and Siberia. However, the magnetic enhancement
mechanism is still open for loess in Ili valley, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. To understand this, we conducted
a rock magnetic investigation on Axike section that is located in Ili valley. Results show that transitional stage from magnetic
(χlf) trough to magnetic (χlf) peak corresponds to soil units. The PSD and MD-grained magnetite dominate the magnetic properties of AXK sequences, and
the main factor affecting magnetic properties is the concentration of ferrimagnetic fraction. For the “pedogenesis enhancement”
and “wind intensity” model, it seems hard to explain the magnetic susceptibility enhancement in this area. For the concentration
of fine-grained magnetite in magnetic mineral shows positive relationship with the intensity of pedogenesis, the magnetic
parameters of loess deposit in Ili valley can be used to recover paleoclimatic variations. 相似文献
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Two types of soil (fluvisols and anthrosols) were collected from different environmental settings (suburb and industrial area)
in Wuhan, central China, aiming to examine the applicability of magnetic mapping for heavy metal pollution of urban soil in
a large region. Magnetic measurements and chemical analysis indicated elevated magnetization and heavy metal concentrations
of topsoils in the industrial area. Magnetic susceptibility (χ), anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) and saturation
isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of fluvisols are much higher than those of anthrosols, but contrary for frequency-dependent
susceptibility, indicating that soil magnetism strongly depends on the soil type/condition. Predominant magnetic carrier in
topsoils in industrial area is pseudo-single-domain/multi-domain magnetite. Environmental scanning electron microscope/energy
dispersive X-ray examination of the magnetic extracts from these topsoils revealed abundant spherical particles with diameters
of 10–50 μm that are rich in iron-oxides, and could be attributed to the nearby industrial activities (e.g., steel work and
power generation). Significant correlations were observed between magnetic concentration-related parameters (e.g., χ, ARM
and SIRM) and concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and Tomlinson pollution load index. These results proposed that magnetic proxy
mapping of soil pollution is an effective, fast and inexpensive tool for delineation of heavy metal pollution. However, interpretation
of magnetic properties for such a purpose must be done on a site-specific basis, taking into account the possibilities of
pedogenic enhancement/depletion under the specific soil conditions. 相似文献
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通过土壤磁学的角度来探讨我国农业生产急需解决的前沿课题之一——提高化肥利用率问题。125组土壤磁化率、营养元素氮、磷、钾和有机碳含量数据来自杭嘉湖平原的平湖地区,分布在560 km2面积内的36个深度剖面。分析这批数据随深度的变化规律,发现非耕作层的土壤磁化率与钾、氮、磷含量具有较好的相关性,而与有机碳含量相关性较差,说明决定土壤磁性的矿物具有保持营养元素的能力。耕作层的土壤磁化率与有机碳、磷含量具有较好的相关性,而与氮、钾含量相关性较差。耕作层的土壤磁化率以及氮、磷和有机碳含量高于非耕作层的土壤磁化率以及氮、磷和有机碳含量,钾含量则相反。从非耕作层至耕作层,土壤磁化率增幅为23.8%,远低于氮增幅55.3%、磷增幅36.6%和钾减幅95.8%,说明该区存在化肥施用不均衡现象,导致土壤磁化率与营养元素含量关系的失衡。提高磁肥或磁化肥的施用量,是提高肥效的持久性与利用率的途径之一。 相似文献