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1.
河北省中南部农田孢粉组合特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
河北省中南部82 个农田表土花粉组合研究表明：农田花粉组合不仅有农作物花粉类型,也有临近山区的植物成分。山区农田乔木花粉含量与浓度高于平原,对平原的影响随距离增加而降低,距太行山0～50 km 松属花粉含量为20%～30%,50～100 km 为10%～20%,100～150 km 增至20%～30%,海滨区降至16%以下,平原中部含量增加可能与焚风效应有关;山区至平原乔木花粉含量空间上的变化,可能类似于历史时期人类活动介入森林区后时间上的变化。山区和平原灌木花粉含量较低,但主要成分不同,山区以胡颓子科、榛属、虎榛子较常见,平原区蔷薇科、葡萄科花粉相对较多。平原区草本花粉含量高出山区,其中藜科花粉由山区向平原逐渐增高,可能反映人类活动不断增强的特征。山区中华卷柏含量高于平原,但平原区高达7%。中华卷柏不易被风搬运,推测平原区农田的中华卷柏可能是平原沉积时由河流从山区搬运而来。相同类型农业单元乔木、灌木花粉和蕨类百分比山区一般高于平原,草本低于平原;不同类型农业单元乔木、草本百分比平原区相近,山区差异较大。山区乔木花粉含量差异主要受草本类型影响,平原区草本花粉组合差异主要是农作物花粉(人工禾本科、十字花科) 含量的差异;不同农业单元孢粉浓度差异主要为草本花粉浓度不同。 相似文献
2.
《Geography and Natural Resources》2008,29(3):292-296
On the territory of Morocco, four regions of plains were identified, which differ in their history of development, morphology and processes of anthropogenic desertification. According to the character of natural environment, the plains are classed as humid, semi-arid, arid, and extra-arid. A progressive character of anthropogenic desertification of the plains at the periphery of the Atlas mountain system over the course of the last 4000 years has been established. 相似文献
3.
Geomorphic characterization and diversity of the fluvial systems of the Gangetic Plains 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The extensive Gangetic alluvial plains are drained by rivers which differ strongly in terms of hydrological and sediment transport characteristics. These differences are manifested in the geomorphic diversity of the plains. The Western Gangetic Plains (WGP) are marked by a degradational topography with incised channels and extensive badland development in some parts, while the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) are characterized by shallow, aggrading channels with frequent avulsions and extensive flooding. We interpret such geomorphic diversity in terms of differences in stream power and sediment supply from the catchment areas. The rivers draining the western plains are marked by higher stream power and lower sediment yield that result in degradation. In comparison, the rivers draining the eastern Gangetic Plains have lower stream power and higher sediment yield that result in aggradation. The variation of stream power, a function of channel slope and high sediment yield, is attributed to differences in rainfall and rate of uplift in the hinterland. It is suggested that such differences have resulted in a marked geomorphic diversity across the plains. It is also suggested that such diversity has existed for a fairly long time because of climatic and tectonic variance. 相似文献
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以澄迈和陵水黎族自治县为研究区,在构建包含土壤理化性质、土壤养分、立地条件和土壤管理在内的4个子目标、11个具体指标的耕地地力评价指标体系的基础上,采用模糊数学理论确定指标隶属度,结合层次分析法进行加权求和,对澄迈和陵水进行耕地地力水平综合评价,阐明其耕地地力水平的分布特征和影响因素。结果表明：1）澄迈和陵水的耕地地力为中等水平,且澄迈的耕地地力相对较高,母质和地形因素是两县耕地地力水平差异的主导因素;2）耕地地力水平分布格局与地形和水系分布关系较为紧密,谷底平原、平原和山麓平原地区耕地地力水平较高,降雨和地形因素是导致区内耕地地力分布不均的主要因素。 相似文献
6.
翻开中国地图, 可以看到从西北、华北到东北地区, 茫茫北国, 绵延着一条东西长4000余公里, 南北宽约600公里的弧形沙漠带, 分布在新疆、甘肃、青海、内蒙、宁夏、陕西及辽宁、吉林, 黑龙江九个省(区)。包括戈壁、沙地在内, 总面积达130.8万平方公里, 约占全国土地总面积的13.6%[1]。这里历史悠久, 地域辽阔, 自古以来, 是祖国多民族聚居生息和交通的地方。 相似文献
7.
Response of active tectonics on the alluvial Baghmati River, Himalayan foreland basin, eastern India 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Active tectonics in a basin plays an important role in controlling a fluvial system through the change in channel slope. The Baghmati, an anabranching, foothills-fed river system, draining the plains of north Bihar in eastern India has responded to ongoing tectonic deformation in the basin. The relatively flat alluvial plains are traversed by several active subsurface faults, which divide the area in four tectonic blocks. Each tectonic block is characterized by association of fluvial anomalies viz. compressed meanders, knick point in longitudinal profiles, channel incision, anomalous sinuosity variations, sudden change in river flow direction, river flow against the local gradient and distribution of overbank flooding, lakes, and waterlogged area. Such fluvial anomalies have been identified on the repetitive satellite images and maps and interpreted through DEM and field observations to understand the nature of vertical movements in the area. The sub-surface faults in the Baghmati plains cut across the river channel and also run parallel which have allowed us to observe the effects of longitudinal and lateral tilting manifested in avulsions and morphological changes. 相似文献
8.
Pradeep Srivastava Navin Juyal Ashok K. Singhvi Robert J. Wasson Mark D. Bateman 《Geomorphology》2001,36(3-4)
River adjustment and incision in the Sabarmati basin, Gujarat, India have been examined at a site near Mahudi. Towards this, the morphostratigraphy and depositional chronometry of the middle alluvial plains were investigated. The upper fluvial sequence, along with the overlying aeolian sand and riverbed scroll plains, provide clues to the evolution of the present Sabarmati River. Sedimentological analyses of the upper fluvial sequence indicate its deposition by a meandering river system during what is believed to be a persistent wetter phase. Luminescence chronology bracketed this sequence to between 54 and 30 ka, which corresponds to Oxygen Isotope Stage-3, during which the SW monsoon was enhanced. The overlying aeolian sand has been dated to 12 ka, indicating that dune accretion occurred simultaneously with the strengthening of the SW monsoon during the Early Holocene. Adjustment of the Sabarmati along a N–S transect is placed around 12 ka and the incision is bracketed between 12 and 4.5 ka. River adjustment could have been tectonic; however, the incision was facilitated by the availability of continuous flow in the river caused by the SW monsoon. The basin experienced two tectonic events at about 3 and 0.3 ka, as demonstrated by the morphology of the scroll plains. 相似文献
9.
中部崛起背景下的郑汴一体化发展研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
中部地区崛起战略决策,为中原城市群发展提供了良好的发展环境,也提出了重大而迫切的战略任务.在中原城市群各个城市处于向心集聚为主的发展阶段,中原城市群建设应率先推进郑汴核心区一体化发展.郑汴核心区既是郑汴一体化的空间承载区,也是中原城市群一体化发展的先导区和示范区,需要从发展目标协同、基础设施共建、产业互补共进、资源共事、发展空间与功能协调、实施策略同步等多个方面有序促进郑汴一体化发展. 相似文献
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近年来新疆盆地平原区域湖泊变化原因分析 总被引：26，自引：4，他引：26
由绿洲及其所在荒漠盆地平原与周边山地系统共同组成的新疆地域系统，是我国西北干旱区的主要部分之一。由于荒漠盆地平原系统不产生径流，因此，地表水、浅层地下水和泉水、湖泊都必然地以相邻的山地系统为供给水源地。从山地进入荒漠盆地平原的河流就成为主要供给渠道。博斯腾湖、艾丁湖、艾比湖1995年以来，湖水水位明显升高，湖水面积的不断扩大，从湖泊水面面积的演变过程，主要水源变化，气温略微上升，降水显著增多诸因素综合系统分析，说明在全球气候背景下，区域气候和水文变化周期与人类活动是影响其变化的主要原因。 相似文献
12.
Cheng Wei-ming Ph.D. Zhou Cheng-hu Tang Qi-cheng Yao Yong-hui Zhang Bai-ping 《地理学报(英文版)》2002,12(1):23-28
The foothill belts of Tianshan Mountains are about 280 km long and 60 km wide, and the study area extends from Kuitun city
to Fukang city. They are transitional belts between mountains and plains, appearing in three rows of folds with different
morphologies and their age becoming younger from south to north. Based on GIS and RS methods, and materials of the previous
researchers, this paper deals with the genetics of the foothill belts and their landscape features resulting from folding
by neotectonic movements, and also describes their length, width and slope by remote sensing image interpretation. The characteristics
of the foothill belts are found to be very important for the surrounding environment by preventing groundwater from flowing
into plains, changing groundwater, increasing flow of surface runoff, in addition to their roles in protecting the surrounding
environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of the foothill belts and influence on its
surrounding environment. 相似文献
13.
The foothill belts of Tianshan Mountains are about 280 km long and 60 km wide, and the study area extends from Kuitun city to Fukang city. They are transitional belts between mountains and plains, appearing in three rows of folds with different morphologies and their age becoming younger from south to north. Based on GIS and RS methods, and materials of the previous researchers, this paper deals with the genetics of the foothill belts and their landscape features resulting from folding by neotectonic movements, and also describes their length, width and slope by remote sensing image interpretation. The characteristics of the foothill belts are found to be very important for the surrounding environment by preventing groundwater from flowing into plains, changing groundwater, increasing flow of surface runoff, in addition to their roles in protecting the surrounding environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth understanding of the foothill belts and influence on its surrounding environment. 相似文献
14.
中国地貌区划新论 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
地貌区划是研究自然环境空间分异的基础,在区域地貌研究中具有十分重要的地位.本文分析总结了国内外地貌区划的相关研究成果,系统探讨了地貌区划的具体步骤与方法、地貌区划的原则、各级地貌区划的依据和标准,提出地貌类型组合和地貌成因类型的基本异同是各级地貌区划的依据.本文以中国1:400 万地貌图等新资料为基础,应用GIS 方法,结合中国三大地貌阶梯及其内部地貌格局的特点,通过分析我国各地基本地貌类型组合的差异及其形成原因,将中国地貌区划分为东部低山平原大区、东南低中山地大区、中北中山高原大区、西北高中山盆地大区、西南亚高山地大区和青藏高原大区6 个地貌大区,并分别简要论述了各大区的地貌特征.各大区内部又据次级基本地貌类型和地貌成因类型及其组合差异进一步分区,全国共划分了38个地貌区. 相似文献
15.
海河流域产沙模数尺度效应的空间分异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于流域完整性、地形的相似性,将整个海河流域分为9 个分区,分析了各分区产沙模数的尺度效应。结果表明,在双对数坐标系上,产沙模数与流域面积的关系呈现出3 种类型：① 线性负相关,即产沙模数随流域面积的增大而减小;② 无显著相关,即产沙模数随流域面积的增大基本保持不变;③ 线性正相关,即产沙模数随流域面积的增大而增大。从地形、分区的位置以及土地利用状况方面对所有分区产沙模数的尺度效应进行分析,并对1000 km2标准面积下产沙模数进行校正。基于校正后的数据,利用ArcGIS 的Kriging 空间插值法,绘制了校正后的产沙模数图。校正结果显示,流域侵蚀模数的空间分布总体表现为自西向东逐渐减小的趋势,这与流域地形的总体变化趋势是一致的。流域西部以山地为主,因而侵蚀强度大,产沙模数高;东部以平原为主,是泥沙的淤积区域,因而产沙模数低。最后,对图中产沙模数的高值区域,从气候、植被和侵蚀作用力3 个方面进行了成因分析。 相似文献
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《自然地理学》2013,34(3):285-302
Uluru is an inselberg shaped in arkosic sandstone located in the arid plains of central Australia. The indigenous people believed it rose out of a sand hill and has since remained unchanged. The various minor landforms represented mythological animals, people, and events of the Dreamtime. Later investigators interpreted the residual as remaining after long-distance scarp retreat, or as due to scouring by the wind or by the waters of a huge lake. The inselberg and its decorations have been construed in terms of climatic variations. Uluru also has been interpreted as a compressed and resistant compartment that was exposed as a low rise in the latest Mesozoic. The initial rise shed runoff. The steep flanks were shaped in the Eocene by deep subsurface weathering followed by stripping of the regolith and exposure of bedrock forms. Large tafoni and breaks of slope were formed on the southern side where permeable sediments abutted the residual. Following their exposure, basal flares and footcaves were shaped during a later period of subsurface weathering. The inselberg has grown as a relief feature not by uplift, but by the lowering of the surrounding plains. The morphology of Uluru is an expression of episodic exposure. 相似文献
18.
北京市平谷区不同区域农村居民点 内部结构差异分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
本文以北京市平谷区2006 年集体土地调查的数据为基础, 运用景观生态学的研究方法, 对不同区域条件 下农村居民点用地内部结构特征进行分析, 进而揭示农村居民点用地内部结构的地域分异规律, 研究结果表明: 生 产力水平的不同使农村居民点用地内部结构形成不同的地域特点, 就内部结构多样性指数而言, 半山区>平原区> 山区, 就集中性指数而言, 山区>平原区>半山区。同时, 各区域农村居民点内部不同用地类型的区位意义指数也在 发生规律性变化: 就宅基地而言, 山区>平原区>半山区, 就企业用地而言, 半山区>山区>平原区, 就公共管理与公共 服务用地而言, 半山区>山区>平原区, 就空闲地而言, 平原区>山区>半山区。今后新农村建设过程中, 要从各区域社 会经济发展的实际情况出发统筹城乡发展, 着力于合理安排城乡产业用地布局, 并体现土地集约利用的方向; 同 时, 还应根据区域特点的不同采取不同村镇规模控制标准, 提出各自农村居民点用地的调整模式与途径。 相似文献
19.
Soil distribution in high mountains reflects the impact of several soil-forming factors. Soil geomorphologists use key pedological properties to estimate ages of Quaternary deposits of various depositional environments, estimate long-term stability and instability of landscapes, and make inferences on past climatic change. Once the influence of the soil-forming factors is known, soils can be used to help interpret some aspects of landscape evolution that otherwise might go undetected.The Front Range of Colorado rises from the plains of the Colorado Piedmont at about 1700 m past a widespread, dissected Tertiary erosion surface between 2300 and 2800 m up to an alpine Continental Divide at 3600 to over 4000 m. Pleistocene valley glaciers reached the western edge of the erosion surface. Parent rocks are broadly uniform (granitic and gneissic). Climate varies from 46 cm mean annual precipitation (MAP) and 11 °C mean annual temperature (MAT) in the plains to 102 cm and −4 °C, respectively, near the range crest. Vegetation follows climate with grassland in the plains, forest in the mountains, and tundra above 3450 m. Soils reflect the bioclimatic transect from plains to divide: A/Bw or Bt/Bk or K (grassland) to A/E/Bw or Bt/C (forest) to A/Bw/C (tundra). Corresponding soil pH values decrease from 8 to less than 5 with increasing elevation. The pedogenic clay minerals dominant in each major vegetation zone are: smectite (grassland), vermiculite (forest), and 1.0–1.8 nm mixed-layer clays (tundra). Within the lower forested zone, the topographic factor (aspect) results in more leached, colder soils, with relatively thin O horizons, well-expressed E horizons and Bt horizons (Alfisols) on N-facing slopes, whereas soils with thicker A horizons, less developed or no E horizons, and Bw or Bt horizons (Mollisols) are more common on S-facing slopes. The topographic factor in the tundra results in soil patterns as a consequence of wind-redistributed snow and the amount of time it lingers on the landscape. An important parent material factor is airborne dust, which results in fine-grained surface horizons and, if infiltrated, contributes to clay accumulation in some Bt horizons. The time factor is evaluated by soil chronosequence studies of Quaternary deposits in tundra, upper forest, and plains grassland. Few soils in the study area are >10,000 years old in the tundra, >100,000 years old in the forest, and >2 million years old in the grassland. Stages of granite weathering vary with distance from the Continental Divide and the best developed is grus near the sedimentary/granitic rock contact just west of the mountain front. Grus takes a minimum of 100,000 years to form.Some of the relations indicated by the soil map patterns are: (1) parts of the erosion surface have been stable for 100,000 years or more; (2) development of grus near the mountain front could be due in part to pre-Pennsylvanian weathering; (3) a few soil properties reflect Quaternary paleoclimate; and (4) a correlation between soil development in the canyons and stream incision rates. 相似文献
20.
Sebastian H. Mernild M.Sc. & Ph.D. Bent Hasholt 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):13-25
A classification of watercourses proposed by Hasholt 1999 has been tested in Denmark using data from detailed field investigations from 42 watercourses and their surrounding area. Three types of landscapes are included: the moraine landscape from the Weichselian glaciation, the moraine landscape from the Saalian glaciation and the outwash plains. The performance of the classification in separating types of watercourses is discussed and modifications are suggested. 相似文献