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1.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,7(2)
This study presents new thickness maps of post-Cretaceous sedimentary strata beneath central London.1100 borehole records were analysed.London Clay is thickest in the west;thicker deposits extend as a narrow finger along the axis of the London Basin.More minor variations are probably governed by periglacial erosion and faulting.A shallow anticline in the Chalk in north-central London has resulted in a pronounced thinning of succeeding strata.These results are compared to the position of London Underground railway tunnels.Although tunnels have been bored through the upper levels of London Clay where thick,some tunnels and stations are positioned within the underlying,more lithologically variable.Lower London Tertiary deposits.Although less complex than other geological models of the London Basin,this technique is more objective and uses a higher density of borehole data.The high resolution of the resulting maps emphasises the power of modelling an expansive dataset in a rigorous but simple fashion. 相似文献
2.
北京城市地质工作进展与思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了北京城市地质工作主要进展,提出了当前城市地质工作中存在的主要问题,思考了未来北京城市地质工作发展方向。提出:北京建设世界城市对地质工作提出了更高的战略需求,需要充分借鉴纽约、伦敦和东京等特大城市地质工作经验,启动城市地质工作立法,强化城市地质工作服务经济社会发展的先行性作用;实施首都建设地质响应计划,统筹部署地质工作;加快首都地区地质资源环境承载能力监测预警平台建设步伐,有效解决与城市发展和城市居民生活密切相关的重大地质问题。 相似文献
3.
Framed by the UK Government’s efforts to combat social exclusion by encouraging a shift from welfare to work through (re)training, this paper explores the types of training courses being offered to and taken by women with young children in West London. Drawing upon qualitative research, the paper explores the actual and desired uptake of ‘body training’ courses among mothers, linked, in part, to the current ‘body work’ skills gap in the local economy. The encouragement given to women and the interest they have in engaging in ‘body training’ is, we suggest, linked to the discursive construction and performance of a highly feminised and, often, maternal identity, which emphasises women’s caring role and the caring self. By probing the body/training nexus through the motivations and choices of mothers in West London the paper raises questions about gender identity and stereotyping in relation to training-for-work policies and the role of training in (re)inforcing the woman-body coupling within Western dualistic thought. 相似文献
4.
The provision of care is an increasingly pressing issue in the Global North. With an ageing population and policies encouraging women into the labour market, there is a growing need for workers to undertake paid caring. This poses important and urgent questions about the social organisation of labour markets. Care work typically is low paid and undertaken in precarious, informal, or temporary situations. Many posts are filled by economic migrants, raising concerns about a care deficit in sending countries. In this paper we examine the ‘caring work’ undertaken by migrant workers in a West London Hospital. We employ a twofold characterisation of caring work. Like other bottom-end service sector work, this work is characterised by the face-to-face ‘emotional labour’. However, it also requires ‘body work’: close and often intimate physical contact between carers and those they care for. We argue that both of these aspects are important in understanding how caring work is constructed as poorly regarded and low paid. We show how these features play out in particular ways for migrant workers employed in such caring work. 相似文献
5.
Mark Godden 《Geology Today》2016,32(4):143-147
The Island of Portland has literally given its heart to London, and the heart of London comes mainly from Portland. Many of London's most recognizable buildings and monuments are constructed either wholly or partially from the white Upper Jurassic oolite quarried from Portland. St Paul's Cathedral, the British Museum, The Bank of England and more recently the New London Stock Exchange in Paternoster Square and the Bomber Command Memorial and the tube station in Green Park, are all built using Portland Stone. London is not the island's only beneficiary, Portland stone has also been widely used throughout the rest of Great Britain as well as having been exported for use in many other countries. 相似文献
6.
Nel Etienne Louis 《GeoJournal》1990,22(3):305-313
South African urban areas, because of structural control exercised within them, have developed unique characteristics. One of the more distinctive features of urban apartheid is the creation of Homeland townships lying adjacent to certain of the country's towns and cities. This paper seeks to explore the essential motivation underlying the creation of the ethnically distinct urban centre of Mdantsane in the Ciskei Homeland between 1949 and 1988. The reason for the development of Mdantsane, a dormitory township of East London, are explored, as are the primary issues underlying its emergence. In order to fully investigate Mdantsane's evolution it is essential not to divorce the township from developments, through time, in East London. The impact of apartheid planning on the East London region is assessed. 相似文献
7.
《Geoforum》2015
This paper explores Malaysia’s efforts to develop and dominate a global market in halal (literally, ‘lawful or ‘permitted’) commodities as a diaspora strategy and how Malaysian state institutions, entrepreneurs, restaurants and middle-class groups in London respond to and are affected by this effort. The empirical focus is on London because this city not only holds a special position in the Malaysian state’s halal vision but also historical linkages that evoke diaspora strategies. I argue that Malaysian diaspora strategies should be explored in the interfaces between Islam, state and market. Among the political elite, and, thus, the Malaysian state, there exists a fascination with discovering or even inventing a cosmopolitan ‘Malay diaspora’ and current diaspora strategies try to address this challenge. An important question explored is how the Malaysian diaspora in London understand and practise Malaysian diaspora strategies in the globalized market for halal products and services. This paper is based on ethnographic material from fieldwork among state institutions, entrepreneurs, restaurants and middle-class groups in Kuala Lumpur and London, namely participant observation and interviewing. 相似文献
8.
London is an international tourist destination and one of the world's most well known tourist capitals. Over 23 million overseas and domestic visitors contributed £ 4700 million to the city's economy in 1987. In this paper, the implications of a continued growth in international and domestic tourism are considered in the light of recent predictions which envisage that London's overseas and domestic visitors will rise from 23 million in 1987 to 27 million in 1990. One of the most pressing issues which tourist agencies such as the London Tourist Board face, is directing some tourists to new areas and attractions away from the existing concentration in the West End of London. In this paper, the existing and proposed development of tourism in the East End of London (London Docklands) will beexamined as a new area with the potential to attract visitors from the West End. London Docklands has attracted international attention due to the prestigious and controversial regeneration of the area where commercial and residential development has been stimulated by a government funded Urban Development Corporation. Tourist and leisure developments seem set to bring a lasting economic benefit to the area though they have attracted very little attention to date. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents the construction and performance details of a compacted London Clay barrier that was designed to prevent any leachate or methane penetrating a stretch of the cut and cover box section tunnel of the London Heathrow Express Rail Link. The barrier was constructed with London Clay that was spoil from concurrent bored tunnelling operations on adjacent sites. Laboratory investigations carried out on the compacted London Clay are presented in the paper. These indicated that it was possible to design the clay surround to function as a barrier protecting the structure from the ingress of the leachate. Field monitoring using magnetic extensometer gauge measurements indicate that the consequent ground movements are lower than that predicted by the laboratory tests. 相似文献
10.
Consuming transnational fashion in London and Mumbai 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Drawing on focus group research in London and Mumbai, this paper charts the changing social and cultural contours of transnational fashion consumption. Transnationality is approached as a complex social field, participation in which is not restricted to the members of specific ethnically-defined transnational communities. Following a discussion of the nature of transnational fashion, the paper explores the discursive practices of a wide range of consumers with different degrees of investment in this transnational field encompassing differences of gender and generation, education and occupation. We highlight the existence of multiple forms of modernity (rather than a simple gradient from Western modernity to Eastern tradition), with social and cultural change taking place at an uneven pace and subject to periodic disruption and temporary reversals. In contrast to more linear notions of globalization, defined in terms of the relentless erosion of local difference, our research demonstrates the persistence of locally-specific cultures of consumption in both London and Mumbai. Drawing from Appadurai’s work on the social life of things and Bourdieu’s analysis of the sociology of taste, we attempt to characterise these locally specific consumption cultures. We argue against conventional accounts of ‘authenticity’ as an innate property of particular social groups or particular goods, suggesting that the meaning of goods is defined by their active appropriation in specific contexts of use. 相似文献
11.
论文介绍了英国区域规划先行者阿伯克隆比的生平及主要学术思想和实践,对英国早期区域规划"伦敦郡规划"、"大伦敦规划"进行了总结梳理,提出"大伦敦规划"的缺陷,并提出英国新城思想和区域规划理论受到了中国传统哲学思想(风水地理学)的影响。 相似文献
12.
Increase of Flood Risk due to Urbanisation: A Canadian Example 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
There has been increasing concern among the government officials who deal with emergency preparedness and natural disasters
that increasing urbanisation is enhancing the risk from river flooding in urban areas. This study concerns such a risk for
the City of London in the province of Ontario in Canada. It has been shown that between 1974 and 2000 there has been a considerably
elevated risk from floods due to heavy urbanisation in the watershed of the Upper Thames River, of which the City of London
is a part. Databases were prepared making use of satellite remote sensing technology on landuse classification and this information
was integrated with meteorological and hydrological data records and analysed to obtain a quantitative estimate of the potential
risk from river floods to London. 相似文献
13.
London lies mainly within an area of long-term tectonic stability known as the London Platform. This is characterised by relatively thin Cretaceous and Palaeogene sequences overlying Palaeozoic basement at shallow depths, less seismic activity than surrounding areas and, according to published geological maps, little faulting. 相似文献
14.
Megacities are likely to present the greatest future challenges for hazard management. In them increasingly complex societies are continually modifying responses to dynamic sets of external risks. Although most have proven resilient to past disasters, new types of threat are emerging. London — which is both the world's oldest megacity and one of its most resilient — has long experience of the transformation of hazards in time and space. Although not as hazard-prone as some megacities, this one is increasingly exposed to a wide range of interactive hazards. Here trends of flooding, air pollution and terrorism are discussed together with policy responses. London demonstrates that robust action can be successful in reducing high-intensity hazards but it also shows that contemporary management is characterised by top-down technological fixes whose long-term effectiveness is questionable. In general, anticipatory responses have been limited and present-day London has not capitalised on its rich legacy of successful experience in coping with hazard. 相似文献
15.
《Computers and Geotechnics》2001,28(6-7):397-423
The case history of the deep excavation for the National Gallery extension in London is presented in this paper. Comparisons with data from other sites show that it is typical for that of similar projects in Central London. Class 1 predictions of the retaining wall behaviour (prior to construction) using the Model London Clay constitutive relationship considerably over-estimated wall and ground movements. Retaining wall and ground movements are also considerably over-predicted by analyses using a simple linear elastic/perfectly plastic soil model, despite optimistic parameters being assumed for the soils. Predictions made using the constitutive model BRICK are closer to the measured deflected shape, but are also higher than measured values. Parametric studies of the effect of various parameters suggest that a “best estimate” of the wall movements are still well in excess of those measured. It is concluded that these differences are due to three-dimensional effects and deficiencies in the model. The “beam-spring” computer software for retaining walls FREW gives similar results to the analyses using the simple model. Analyses of the same problem carried out by a different operator using another finite element code, but with the same constitutive model, yielded somewhat different results and highlight the need for careful interpretation of finite element analyses. 相似文献
16.
Andrew Jones 《Geoforum》1998,29(4):451-474
Recent work within human geography and the social sciences more generally has attempted to explore and theorise the unfavourable gender relations within organizations which continue to produce a disadvantageous position for women. This paper argues that there is a need to implement a more spatially aware epistemology in the production of such theory. It develops a theoretical approach to organizational gender relations centred around the concept of ‘gender culture’, arguing that to understand gender in the workplace more effectively, it needs to be theorized through the daily social practices which occur in specific organizations. This argument is explored through a case study of the way in which investment banks in the City of London reproduce masculine ‘gender cultures’ through the recruitment process. Building on the recent work of McDowell (Capital culture: gender at work in the city. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997), the research presented considers the way in which the ‘pre-organizational gender culture’ of investment banking recruits contributes to the reproduction of masculine gender cultures in those organizations. It also explores how the recruitment process itself—in the shape of interviews, assessment techniques and selection criteria—is also imbued with masculine cultural attributes, and thus aids the reproduction of hegemonic masculinities within the investment banking workplace. 相似文献
17.
We continue our study of the consolidation of inhomogeneous clay soils with an analysis of the response of a soil mass, whose shear modulus increases linearly with depth, to axially symmetric pressure on its surface. This extends the work reported in Part I on the corresponding one-dimensional problem of a clay column, and generalizes researches of Gibson and coworkers on the elastic model of the soil (i.e., the initial response). Because of great mathematical complexity when Poisson's ratio is allowed to assume arbitrary values, we have confined ourselves (as did Gibson in several of his papers) to variations of the modulus from a zero surface value, this being in reasonable accord with published test results on London clay. The deflection of points within this region, the deflection relative to the central one (that is, the shape of the deformed loading area), as well as the absolute deflection of surface points exterior to the load. 相似文献
18.
Historical data on the temperature and precipitation data for London has been combined with output from the Hadley Model to estimate the climate of London for the period 1100–2100 CE. This has been converted to other parameters such as freeze–thaw frequency and snowfall relevant to the weathering of stone facades. The pollutant concentrations have been estimated for the same period, with the historical values taken from single box modelling and future values from changes likely given current policy within the metropolis. These values are used in the Lipfert model to show that the recession from karst weathering dominates across the period, while the contributions of sulphur deposition seem notable only across a shorter period 1700–2000 CE. Observations of the late seventeenth century suggest London architects witnessed a notable increase in the recession rate and attributed “fretting quality” to “smoaks of the sea-coal”. The recession rates measured in the late twentieth century lend some support to the estimates from the Lipfert model. The recession looks to increase only slightly, and frost shattering will decrease while salt weathering is likely to increase. 相似文献
19.
This paper analyses General Household Survey data for London and Great Britain from 1979 to 1993 to examine the changes in
household income distribution over this period. In particular it looks at the implications of this data for theoretical claims
made by Pahl and Sassen regarding social polarisation. It is argued that London has not experienced greater social polarisation,
in the sense that the size of both the top and bottom income groups have not grown at the expense of the middle. Instead,
what has happened is that the higher income group has grown considerably at the expense of the middle. This has, however,
been accompanied by the growth of income inequality in London. Incomes at the top end have increased much faster than at the
bottom. Two earner professional/managerial households have been the biggest gainers in financial terms although the proportion
of households with no earner has grown most rapidly.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Eric Robinson 《Geology Today》2020,36(6):229-231
Kelmscott Manor on the banks of the Upper Thames in Oxfordshire is a place of pilgrimage for social historians and conversationalists as well as those who simply want to turn the clock back to a rural England long departed. The manor was leased to William Morris in 1871 to be his family home until long after his death in 1896—their escape from the hectic daily life in London. At that point, Morris spent the previous 10 years building up the crafts business for which he is best known, the patterned textiles and wallpaper designs and the basic wooden furniture we associate with the Arts and Crafts Movement. It can be difficult to remember that much of the respected craftwork was generated in the East End of London by gifted craftsmen. 相似文献