共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
利用2004年苏门答腊9.0级地震后GGP台网中15台超导重力仪的18组观测数据,采用EEMD分解技术及叠积技术,检测了频率小于1 mHz的低频地球自由振荡的简正模（3S1、0S4、0S5）及其频谱分裂现象。通过对原始分钟间隔的超导重力数据进行预处理得到重力残差,然后运用EEMD方法将其分解到处于不同频段上的IMF分量,提高了探测低频自由振荡信号的信噪比,使一些低频自由振荡信号的谱线分裂更清晰地显现出来。结果表明,经过EEMD分解过的重力残差能更有效地检测低频自由振荡信号,得到信噪比更高的低阶球型振荡分裂谱线。该研究进一步证实了EEMD数据处理方法的有效性以及超导重力仪在低阶地球自由振荡检测中的优越性。 相似文献
2.
The present study focuses on the breaching process and failure of barrier dams due to overtopping. In this work, a series of centrifugal model tests is presented to examine the failure mechanisms of landslide dams. Based on the experimental results, failure process and mechanism of barrier dam due to overtopping are analyzed and further verified by simulating the experimental overtopping failure process. The results indicate that the barrier dam will develop during the entire process of overtopping in the width direction, whereas the breach will cease to develop at an early stage in the depth direction because of the large particles that accumulate on the downstream slope. Moreover, headcut erosion can be clearly observed in the first two stages of overtopping, and coarsening on the downstream slope occurs in the last stage of overtopping. Thus, the bottom part of the barrier dam can survive after dam breaching and full dam failure becomes relatively rare for a barrier dam. Furthermore, the remaining breach would be smaller than that of a homogeneous cohesive dam under the same conditions. 相似文献
3.
安全 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(5):541-544
通过计算二连浩特测震台站地表和井下连续观测数据的加速度PSD值和相应的PDF值,研究沙尘暴对测震台站环境噪声水平的干扰特征及井下观测对减小沙尘暴影响的效果。结果表明,沙尘暴对测震台站环境噪声水平有较大干扰,主要体现在4 Hz、9 Hz附近及10~20 Hz和低于10 s频段。其中,沙尘主要影响10~20 Hz频段背景噪声;大风主要影响4 Hz、9 Hz附近背景噪声;低于10 s频段的三分向背景噪声受干扰特征与风向有一定的相关性;10 s~4 Hz频段沙尘暴对环境噪声水平没有影响。井下观测能较好地压制沙尘暴对测震台站环境噪声水平的干扰。 相似文献
4.
《山地科学学报》2019,(11)
Natural dams are formed when landslides are triggered by heavy rainfall during extreme weather events in the mountainous areas of Taiwan.During landslide debris movement, two processes occur simultaneously: the movement of landslide debris from a slope onto the riverbed and the erosion of the debris under the action of high-velocity river flow. When the rate of landslide deposition in a river channel is higher than the rate of landslide debris erosion by the river flow, the landslide forms a natural dam by blocking the river channel. In this study, the effects of the rates of river flow erosion and landslide deposition(termed the erosive capacity and depositional capacity, respectively) on the formation of natural dams are quantified using a physics-based approach and are tested using a scaled physical model.We define a dimensionless velocity index vde as the ratio between the depositional capacity of landslide debris(vd) and the erosive capacity of water flow(ve).The experimental test results show that a landslidedam forms when landslide debris moves at high velocity into a river channel where the river-flow velocity is low, that is, the dimensionless velocity index vde 54. Landslide debris will not have sufficient depositional capacity to block stream flow when the dimensionless velocity index vde 47. The depositional capacity of a landslide can be determined from the slope angle and the friction of the sliding surface, while the erosive capacity of a dam can be determined using river flow velocity and rainfall conditions. The methodology described in this paper was applied to seven landslide dams that formed in Taiwan on 8 August 2009 during Typhoon Morakot,the Tangjiashan landslide dam case, and the YingxiuWolong highway K24 landslide case. The dimensionless velocity index presented in this paper can be used before a rainstorm event occurs to determine if the formation of a landslide dam is possible. 相似文献
5.
Accurate prediction of the hydrographs of outburst floods induced by landslide dam overtopping failure is necessary for hazard prevention and mitigation. In this study, flume model tests on the breaching of landslide dams were conducted. Unconsolidated soil materials with wide grain size distributions were used to construct the dam. The effects of different upstream inflow discharges and downstream bed soil erosion on the outburst peak discharge were investigated. Experimental results reveal that the whole hydrodynamic process of landslide dam breaching can be divided into three stages as defined by clear inflection points and peak discharges. The larger the inflow discharge, the shorter the time it takes to reach the peak discharge, and the larger the outburst flood peak discharge. The scale of the outburst floods was found to be amplified by the presence of an erodible bed located downstream of the landslide dam. This amplification decreases with the increase of upstream inflow. In addition, the results show that the existence of an erodible bed increases the density of the outburst flow, increasing its probability of transforming from a sediment flow to a debris flow. 相似文献
6.
滑坡是形成堰塞坝的最主要原因,在地震、降雨、冰雪融水等作用下均可形成滑坡堰塞坝,而滑坡堰塞坝的堆积形态、范围等对评价堰塞坝的稳定性有着重要的影响。通过离散元方法(DEM),系统分析了三维条件下滑动距离、滑面出口宽度、滑面倾角、河床倾角、河谷形状对堰塞坝堆积形态的影响。研究结果表明:滑动距离和出口宽度对坝体高度影响最大;随出口宽度和坡面倾角的增加,坝长和坝宽分别呈线性增大和减小趋势;滑动距离可以有效控制滑体速度,进而影响堆积角大小;河床倾角主要影响坝长;对坝高、坝长、上下游绝对倾角正切值和堆积角正切值进行回归分析表明,数学模型契合程度高,说明其形态可以预测;引入2个参数λ和χ,对堰塞坝堆积特征进行了描述;河谷形状的影响主要体现在随着河谷底部宽度的增大,滑体爬高爬坡能力增强。研究成果对根据实际地形预测滑坡堰塞坝堆积形态进而评估坝体的安全性具有重要意义,可以为进一步开展堰塞湖溃决研究提供一定的参考。 相似文献
7.
2020年7月中旬至8月下旬,新疆地区采取疫情防控措施。选取2020-06~2020-09新疆台网28个宽频带数字地震计的波形数据,获取相应的PSD（功率谱密度）和PDF（概率密度函数）,统计不同频段PSD值分布情况,分析疫情期间新疆地区噪声水平变化特征。结果显示,受新冠疫情的影响,乌鲁木齐地区高频段（2~20 Hz）噪声水平下降4.5%,其他地区也出现不同程度的降低,主要影响因素为人类活动的持续减少。同时,这种噪声减弱现象也由地表传达到地下。 相似文献
8.
现有的堰塞坝稳定性预测模型多为线性模型, 无法充分考虑堰塞坝稳定性与其形态特征和水域条件之间的复杂非线性关系。鉴于此, 结合反向传播神经网络模型和樽海鞘优化算法, 提出了一种新型的堰塞坝稳定性预测模型SSA-Adam-BP。该模型通过网格搜索法选取确定模型结构的最佳超参数组合, 进而利用交叉验证和绘制ROC曲线的方式分别对采用不同优化算法的模型进行评估。使用开源数据库中的全球153例堰塞坝数据对模型的实际应用进行了说明及验证。与传统线性模型的对比表明神经网络模型预测准确率较高, 具有较低的误报率。将SSA与Adam优化算法结合提高了BP模型的全局搜索能力, 其平均交叉验证准确率达到了91.73%, 能够使用较少的参数实现对堰塞坝稳定性快速准确的预测。SSA-Adam-BP模型对近年来典型工程的稳定性能够准确预测, 具有一定的实用性和系统平台推广应用价值。 相似文献
9.
滑坡堰塞坝是由斜坡失稳堵塞河道而形成的天然坝体,且易溃坝诱发洪水,对沿岸群众生命财产构成巨大的威胁。为提升主动减灾防灾能力,急需构建了一种快速预测与判断滑坡堵江成坝能力的方法。通过文献资料查阅,结合遥感技术,提取了70处典型滑坡的地貌特征参数,其中50处为堵江成坝滑坡。运用K-S检验和M-W U检验方法分析了滑坡地貌特征因子的敏感性,利用Boruta算法确定了因子重要度,筛选了滑坡体积、面积、高差、长度及河宽共5个地貌特征参数。基于此,利用Bayes判别法与逻辑回归方法,分别建立了滑坡堰塞坝形成的预测模型,准确率超过90%。选取高重要度且差异显著的因子,利用比值法建立了滑坡堵江成坝阈值判据,实现了滑坡堰塞坝形成的快速判定。统计不同诱因下滑坡地貌特征,对比V-Wr经验公式,确定了滑坡堰塞坝形成与诱因间的关系,为进一步构建不同诱因下滑坡堰塞坝形成预测模型提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
10.
Stability analysis of the dam is important for disaster prevention and reduction. The dam＇s geometry plays an important role in understanding its stability. This study develops a rapid landslide dam geometry assessment method for both earthquake-induced and rainfall-induced landslide dams based on nine real cases collected in Chinese Taipei and 214 cases collected worldwide. For simplification purposes, a landslide dam is classified into triangular or trapezoidal. The rapid landslide dam geometry assessment method in this paper uses only satellite maps and the topographic maps to get landslide area, and then analyze the dam geometry. These maps are used to evaluate the area of the landslide and the slope of the river bed. Based on the evaluation information, the proposed method can calculate dam height, the length of the dam, and the angles of the dam in both upstream and downstream directions. These geometry parameters of a landslide dam provide important information for further dam stability analysis. The proposed methodology is applied to a real landslide dam case at Hsiaolin Village. The result shows that the proposed method can be used to assess the landslide dam geometry. 相似文献
11.
利用赤峰台井下和山洞观测、二连浩特台井下和地表观测测震数据,通过计算其加速度PSD值和相应的PDF值及1~20 Hz频段RMS值,研究井下观测压制测震台站背景噪声的特征。结果表明,在大于2 Hz频段,井下观测相比于山洞和地表观测有显著的压制背景噪声特征,尤其在大于9 Hz频段压制背景噪声特征突出;在16 s~2 Hz频段,井下、山洞、地表观测测震台站背景噪声水平一致性较高,井下观测在该频段不能压制背景噪声;在低于16 s频段,井下观测相比于山洞和地表观测有一定的压制背景噪声特征。通过井下观测可有效降低测震台站背景噪声水平,从而提高观测数据质量。 相似文献
12.
运用频谱分析法处理四川境内多台地震仪观测资料,分析2008 年汶川大地震震前频谱特征。结果表明,在震前3~4 d出现较为明显的异常扰动现象,异常信号优势频率范围为0.18~0.25 Hz和0.10~0.18 Hz,其中前者主要受西太平洋台风影响,异常始于05-09,并于05-11强度达到最大,之后开始衰减;而后者异常从05-10开始逐步增强,震前10 h急剧增大,直至地震发生。四川境内所有台站分析结果都体现出0.10~0.18 Hz频段信号的震前急剧增加,可能与地震孕育有关。 相似文献
13.
利用2011～2015年云南区域地震台网的数字波形资料,选取互相衔接的3段几何衰减模型,运用基于遗传算法的Atkinson方法反演云南地区的介质品质因子Q(f),得到云南地区Q值与频率的关系为Q(f)=193.8f0.528。采用Brune的ω平方模型约束震源位移谱,使用Moya方法联合多台多地震数据计算得到46个台站的场地响应。结果显示,岩石台基对地震波信号在不同频段的放大作用并不相同,云南地区场地响应总体存在明显的低频放大、高频衰减现象,在卓越频段1～4 Hz场地放大倍数大多在1～10倍,而在高频段（10 Hz以上）场地的衰减大多在0.05~1倍。 相似文献
14.
利用我国第一颗电磁监测试验卫星张衡一号电场探测仪（EFD）载荷记录到的ULF/ELF频段电场功率谱密度（PSD）数据,限制Dst≥－30 nT和Kp＜3排除空间磁环境扰动后,分4个频段对2020年唐山古冶MS5.1地震和2019年吉林松原MS5.1地震前后空间电场时空演化特征进行研究。结果发现,2020年唐山古冶MS5.1地震4个频段扰动幅度均显示出震前先抬升至最高点超过2倍均方差,而后在下降过程中发震,震后恢复的规律,且第2频段异常尤为明显;4个频段扰动幅度时间序列特征相似,且震前均超过2倍均方差。2019年吉林松原MS5.1地震不同频段的扰动幅度时间序列特征不同,仅有第2频段超过2倍均方差。2次地震均在第2频段（371~879 Hz）出现震前异常扰动,认为该频段是地震异常提取的优势频段。 相似文献
15.
在分析强震地震波信号幅频特性的基础上,采用GNSS信号模拟器,设计具有强震地震波特点的正弦轨迹,从载波相位原始量测数据和定位结果两个层面分别评估两款GNSS接收机（Trimble Net-R9和NovAtel OEM628）高频（50 Hz）观测的测量性能。结果表明,在地震波高频动态条件下,两款接收机的载波相位和定位结果都出现了明显误差,测量精度随正弦运动频率的增加而恶化,Trimble Net-R9接收机尤甚。 相似文献
16.
基于陆态网络太原台gPhone重力仪1a的观测记录,在地震频段(200~600s)、亚地震频段(1~6h)和潮汐频段(周期大于6h)研究其背景噪声水平,并与全球超导重力仪SG的背景噪声进行比较。结果发现,潮汐和大气改正可以一定程度上改进重力数据的功率谱密度PSD,尤其是在亚地震频段和潮汐频段。经计算,太原gPhone重力仪在地震频段、亚地震频段和潮汐频段的背景噪声水平分别为3.641、4.659和5.359。gPhone重力仪的噪声水平在地震频段和亚地震频段均高于SG的噪声水平,但是在频率低于0.8×10-4 Hz时,gPhone重力仪的噪声水平低于新低噪声模型NLNM。此外,分析gPhone重力仪记录的2014年智利Mw8.1地震激发的自由振荡信号表明,虽然gPhone重力仪的噪声水平高于超导重力仪,但其依然能够清晰检测到地球自由振荡信号,验证了gPhone重力仪不仅适合研究长周期潮汐和亚地震模,也可以清晰获取地震频段的地球自由振荡信号。 相似文献
17.
计算内蒙古测震台网2019-12~2020-11山洞观测数据的加速度功率谱密度（PSD）和相应的概率密度函数(PDF),研究相应台站的背景噪声特征。结果表明,高频段背景噪声的昼夜差异显著,疫情防控期间噪声水平明显低于其他时段;次级微震频段背景噪声季节性变化显著,噪声水平冬季强、夏季弱,随着台站离海岸线距离增大,PSD峰值有逐渐减小的趋势;主微震频段背景噪声在10~20 s均有峰值,峰值冬季最强,春、夏、秋季基本没有差异,不同台站同一季节峰值差异小;长周期段噪声水平四季差异不大,春、夏季略高于秋、冬季。 相似文献
18.
Analysis of landslide dam geometries 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The geometry of a landslide dam is an important component of evaluating dam stability. However, the geometry of a natural
dam commonly cannot be obtained immediately with field investigations due to their remote locations. A rapid evaluation model
is presented to estimate the geometries of natural dams based on the slope of the stream, volume of landslides, and the properties
of the deposit. The proposed model uses high resolution satellite images to determine the geometry of the landside dam. These
satellite images are the basic information to a preliminary stability analysis of a natural dam. This study applies the proposed
method to two case studies in Taiwan. One is the earthquake-induced Lung-Chung landslide dam in Taitung, and the second is
the rainfall-induced Shih-Wun landslide dam in Pingtung. 相似文献
19.
以2003年千将坪滑坡事件为例，基于地震信号分析大型高速滑坡启动之后的滑体运动特性。通过国家地震台网采集因滑坡激发产生的地震信号，反演得到滑坡区域的受力-时间函数，再经由时频分析划分滑坡期间的子事件，进而推导滑体的运动参数并还原滑坡过程。结果显示，由地震信号反演所求得的滑床坡度、滑坡方向以及滑体位移等数值与现场勘踏所得数据相符；同时，通过对滑坡子事件的分析，可分辨出因对岸河堤阻挡而产生的部分滑体反倾过程，从而还原较完整的滑坡过程。 相似文献
20.
通过采集GNSS信噪比(SNR)数据,基于水面反射的GNSS多路径信号特性,分析信号频率、高度角范围及弧段长度等因素对大坝水位反演结果的影响。结果表明,大坝水位变化反演结果与实测水位数据具有良好的一致性,相关系数在0.9以上,GPS反演精度为0.1~0.15 m,BDS反演精度为0.35~0.45 m,GPS和BDS联合反演精度为0.1~0.13 m,优于单系统反演精度。 相似文献