共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
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动力排水固结模型试验装置的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了实现大尺度室内模拟动力排水固结法来加固吹填粘性土,本文特设计了室内试验装置。该装置由模型槽、动力装置、夯锤以及监测和数据采集系统等4部分组成,其主要特点有:(1)可同时实现半模和全模试验,可模拟单点夯和全夯,弥补了目前只有半模或1/4模和单点夯等小尺度模型试验的缺陷;(2)可实现实时观察立面裂隙、特征点的变化,对孔压、位移、动应力等进行实时监测和采集;(3)可实现自动起吊和自动脱锤,可以很好地模拟现场施工工况;(4)可实现以下加固工况的模拟实验:不同的夯击参数、不同的加固土层厚度、不同的排水方式等,从而达到不同加固方案的对比,优化加固方案;(5)拆装方便,还可用于模拟边坡、路基、挡墙、滑坡等,适用性较广。目前利用该模型装置已进行了两组不同排水系统的模型夯击试验,试验设备运行良好,可满足试验要求。 相似文献
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强结构性天然沉积土的强度变形特性 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
广泛分布在日本大分县的天然硅藻土是一种令人惊奇的具有正常固结历史的天然沉积结构土,其含水量如豆腐,却硬如石头。由于具有强结构性,其土样不会受到取样及成形过程的扰动影响,能够在室内对其天然状态进行力学性状研究,是一种难得的天然沉积结构性土。采用最大压力达10 MPa的高压三轴仪对天然沉积硅藻土进行试验,以探讨强结构性天然沉积土的力学性状。结果表明,其固结屈服压力达到上覆压力的57倍以上,固结屈服前的压缩曲线是水平的,固结压力达到固结屈服压力时,压缩性突增。强度试验结果显示,处于固结屈服前状态的强度与应力水平无关,而处于固结屈服后状态时其强度包络线与重塑粘土同样为通过原点的直线。 相似文献
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We present an aerosol injection technique (AIT) to accelerate the consolidation of soft soils for ground improvement. We employ high-pressure aerosol injections at different depths to enhance the drainage in soft soils for faster consolidation. The technique is briefly described. A well-instrumented field test is carried out to demonstrate its performance. Compared to the traditional methods, our approach gives rise to faster dissipation of excess pore pressure and larger ground settlement. This method is particularly attractive for the improvement in soft ground in medium depths.
相似文献4.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(1):27-41
Clays generally crack upon drying and the cracks gradually close up because of expansion of the clays induced by rainfall infiltration. Based on the concept of air drainage ratio, we introduce an improved simplified consolidation theory for unsaturated soils and apply it to solve the crack formation problem. We present initial conditions, special consideration, and finite-element (FEM) formulations for simulation of cracks under axisymmetric conditions. Similar to finding solutions for sand-well consolidation problems, a prism of clays surrounded by polygonal distributed cracks is simplified as a cylinder. Numerical simulations using the FEM formulations are performed on the processes of crack occurrence, propagation, and closure during drying and wetting. To investigate the influence of air drainage ratio distribution, three different schemes are adopted for computation. It is found that the behaviour of cracks in clays during drying and wetting can be well represented using the approach proposed in the paper. The simplified consolidation theory used in the paper for unsaturated soils is more suitable for crack analysis than the general consolidation theory currently applied. 相似文献
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This paper presents a simple analytical solution to Fredlund and Hasan's one‐dimensional (1‐D) consolidation theory for unsaturated soils. The coefficients of permeability and volume change for unsaturated soils are assumed to remain constant throughout the consolidation process. The mathematical expression of the present solution is much simpler compared with the previous available solutions in the literature. Two new variables are introduced to transform the two coupled governing equations of pore‐water and pore‐air pressures into an equivalent set of partial differential equations, which are easily solved with standard mathematical formulas. It is shown that the present analytical solution can be degenerated into that of Terzaghi consolidation for fully saturated condition. The analytical solutions to 1‐D consolidation of an unsaturated soil subjected to instantaneous loading, ramp loading, and exponential loading, for different drainage conditions and initial pore pressure conditions, are summarized in tables for ease of use by practical engineers. In the case studies, the analytical results show good agreement with the available analytical solution in the literature. The consolidation behaviors of unsaturated soils are investigated. The average degree of consolidation at different loading patterns and drainage conditions is presented. The pore‐water pressure isochrones for two different drainage conditions and three initial pore pressure distributions are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Yi--> Tian Wenbing Wu Guosheng Jiang M. Hesham El Naggar Guoxiong Mei Meijuan Xu Rongzhu Liang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2020,44(8):1170-1183
In engineering practice, a rapid loading rate can result in ground failure when the strength of soft soils is relatively low, and a multistage loading scheme is always utilized to deal with this situation. Firstly, under a multistage load and the continuous drainage boundary, an analytical solution of excess pore-water pressure and consolidation degree is obtained by virtue of the superposition formula of excess pore-water pressure, and a more general continuous drainage boundary under arbitrary time-dependent load is developed. Then, a comparison with existing analytical solutions is conducted to verify the present solution. A preliminary attempt on applying the continuous drainage boundary into the finite element model is made, and the feasibility of the numerical model for the one-dimensional consolidation under the continuous drainage boundary is verified by comparing the results calculated by FEM with that from present analytical solution. Finally, the consolidation behavior of soil is investigated in detail for different int erface parameters or loading scheme. The results show that, in land reclamation projects, a horizontal drain should be placed close to the boundary with a smaller interface parameter to improve the consolidation efficiency. The degree of consolidation is also related to the applied time-dependent load and interface parameters. 相似文献
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为解决目前电渗应用的高能耗困境及大尺寸模拟困难等问题,提出针对低渗透性、高含水率土体的电动-水力渗流协同作用的三维固结方法。自行研制了一套阴极-集水-排水协同作用的多功能集排水系统,采用间歇式抽水代替连续抽水。采用三维电动-水力渗流固结系统对取自贡湖湾湿地和白旄堆场的2种不同太湖底泥进行了电渗试验研究,同时对白旄堆场太湖底泥进行了传统一维电渗固结试验,并对2种试验条件下的单位体积排水能耗和单位体积单位排水量能耗等关键指标进行了对比。结果表明：三维集水井设计可大大降低土体阴极附近电阻,间断性提高系统电流,提高排水效率,降低电渗总能耗;间歇式抽水可间歇性降低系统内总电流,利用电动-水力协同作用,保持系统渗流的连续性;三维电动-水力渗流固结系统的电流呈周期性减小—增大模式,并且降低速率较慢,尤其对于有机质含量较高的土体,电渗过程电流始终保持在一个较高的水平,提高了排水固结效率。三维电动-水力渗流固结系统的单位体积排水能耗和单位体积单位排水量能耗分别约为一维电渗系统的2/3和1/30。在高含水量软土固结排水中具有显著的节能效果。三维电动-水力渗流固结系统可以提高排水固结效率、大幅度降低能耗,为... 相似文献
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采用简化的k-σ′和mv-σ′分段模型,通过把结构性土一维固结问题转化为上、下层土体厚度不断变化的双层地基一维固结问题,得出了变荷载下结构性土一维固结近似解,并与数值解对比验证了解的合理性。分析结构破坏后渗透系数和体积压缩系数的变化分别对结构性土固结特性的影响表明,在固结系数减小程度相同的情况下,渗透系数减小程度增加则按孔压定义的固结度减小程度加大,而体积压缩系数不断增加则按变形定义的固结度减小程度加大;固结过程中按孔压定义的固结度大于按变形定义的固结度,且随着体积压缩系数增加程度加大,二者的差距加大。 相似文献
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This paper presents a finite element procedure for the analysis of consolidation of layered soils with vertical drain using general one‐dimensional (1‐D) constitutive models. In formulating the finite element procedure, a Newton–Cotes‐type integration formula is used to avoid the unsymmetry of the stiffness matrix for a Newton (Modified Newton) iteration scheme. The proposed procedure is then applied for the consolidation analysis of a number of typical problems using both linear and non‐linear soil models. Results from this simplified method are compared with those from a fully coupled consolidation analysis using a well‐known finite element package. The average degree of consolidation, excess porewater pressure and average vertical effective stress are almost the same as those from the fully coupled analysis for both the linear and non‐linear cases studied. The differences in vertical effective stresses are tolerable except for the values near the vertical drain boundaries. The consolidation behaviour of soils below a certain depth of the bottom of vertical drain is actually one‐dimensional for the partially penetrating case. Therefore, there are not much differences in whether one uses a one‐dimensional model or a three‐dimensional model in this region. The average degree of consolidation has good normalized feature with respect to the ratio of well radius to external drainage boundary for the cases of fully penetrating vertical drain using a normalized time even in the non‐linear case. Numerical results clearly demonstrate that the proposed simplified finite element procedure is efficient for the consolidation analysis of soils with vertical drain and it has better numerical stability characteristics. This simplified method can easily account for layered systems, time‐dependent loading, well‐resistance, smear effects and inelastic stress–strain behaviour. This method is also very suitable for the design of vertical drain, since it greatly reduces the unknown variables in the calculation and the 1‐D soil model parameters can be more easily determined. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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考虑流变与固结效应的桩筏基础-地基共同作用分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土的流变性与地基固结的综合作用,导致了上部结构与地基变形的时效性,并呈现出明显的非线性,对桩筏基础与地基共同作用的工作机理及其工作性能产生重要影响。为此,采用弹黏塑性流变模型考虑土的流变特性,通过有限元方法数值求解Biot耦合固结方程,对桩筏基础与地基共同作用的时间效应问题进行了非线性数值分析。通过算例计算,对加载后桩筏基础荷载分配和沉降特性及下覆土层中孔隙水压力的扩散和消散规律进行了探讨。研究表明,地基孔隙水压力的增长和消散不仅具有Mandel-Cryer效应,而且依赖于土的流变变形,尤其在排水条件较差时更为明显。因此,在分析桩筏基础内力变形的时效性时必须考虑土的流变性与地基的固结作用的联合效应。 相似文献
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一种原状欠压密土的力学特性实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
原状土的结构性对它的力学性质影响显著。通过对原状土与重塑土多应力路径的实验结果比较,来揭示原状土体从小应变到大应变的特殊力学特性及应力路径的影响。从等压固结对比实验可看出,该原状样明显的结构性与欠压密性。对于原状欠压密土,体应变对土体结构性的破坏要大于剪应变。欠压密原状土的结构性对土体强度的影响主要表现在内摩擦角的增大。土体小应变时表现出明显的高刚度与非线性。通过不同方向切样的原状样实验结果对比,反映了原状土体存在明显的各向异性,结构性引起的各向异性在应变越小时越明显。 相似文献
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软土固结蠕变特性及机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以黄石地区软土为研究对象,在不同排水条件、固结压力作用下开展固结蠕变试验,对原状样与蠕变后试样进行扫描电镜观测,分析软土的固结蠕变特性及其微观机制。结果表明：不排水条件下蠕变特性表现更为显著。低偏应力作用下,排水条件下试样的变形大于不排水条件下的变形;高偏应力作用下,则与之相反。排水条件下,变形是由蠕变和固结共同产生的,具有线性蠕变特性;不排水条件下,蠕变是变形的主要原因,具有非线性蠕变特性。蠕变过程中,颗粒间以边-边、边-面为主的接触形式向以面-面为主的接触形式过渡,颗粒间距减小,大孔隙减少,小孔隙增多。固结过程中的主要是自由水以及渗透吸收结合水转化为自由水的排出,而蠕变阶段主要受结合水控制,随着压力加大,孔隙体积减小,结合水膜变薄,增大了土的黏滞性,在长时期就表现为蠕变特性。在软土地基加固过程中可提高土体的排水性能,增大土体的固结程度,降低蠕变带来的危害,提高建筑物的稳定性。 相似文献
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为探讨湛江强结构性原状土与相应重塑土在不同应力路径下的强度特性及其与结构性的关联性,开展了在不同固结条件下的主动压缩、被动压缩、主动伸长3种应力路径试验,分析了该强结构性黏土在不同应力条件下的力学性状与强度特性。结果表明,湛江黏土的剪切破坏形态主要是单一型、双交叉剪切带与“腰鼓”型3类,应力-应变特性主要为轻度应变软化、强烈应变软化、轻度应变硬化、强烈应变硬化4类;偏压固结下试样破坏应变小于等压固结相应值,破坏强度及初始弹性模量比后者大;不同应力路径下土的强度差异主要反映在结构屈服前有效黏聚力的不同,结构屈服前,原状土的黏聚力高于重塑土的黏聚力,内摩擦角小于后者;结构屈服后,黏聚力逐渐减小,内摩擦角略有增大。原状土到重塑土的转变过程是黏聚力与内摩擦力在土体内部相互消长的过程,强结构性黏土在结构屈服前的强度指标具有较强应力路径依赖性。 相似文献
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基于Dakshanamurthy和Fredlund提出的二维非饱和土固结理论,利用Fourier正弦级数展开、Laplace变换,分别给出了分段循环荷载作用下二维非饱和土固结问题的超孔隙气压力、超孔隙水压力和沉降的半解析解,并应用退化法验证了本文所得半解析解的正确性。然后,结合3种具体的荷载形式,分析了分段循环荷载作用下气相与液相渗透系数之比(ka/kw)、水平方向与竖直方向渗透系数之比(kx/kz)和荷载特征参数(a)对二维非饱和土固结特性的影响。结果表明:ka/kw和kx/kz的增大均会加速固结沉降进程;荷载特征参数越大,沉降发展越早,沉降值越小;二维非饱和土固结特性受分段循环荷载作用影响明显。因此,在实际施工过程中改变施工速度和设置径向排水装置可有效控制二维条件下非饱和土体的固结过程,该研究成果可为非饱和土地基的设计和施工提供重要理论依据。 相似文献
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《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):125-134
The trend/rate of settlement of any load on clay can be measured at any time without knowing the past history of load increment. It can be a source of some useful information like quick evaluation of consolidation characteristics, time-compression data of the present, past and future, type and stage of consolidation, drainage conditions, time of load increment, etc. Basic mathematical/graphical properties of vertical, radial, 3D and secondary consolidations are studied from this angle. Two types of 3D consolidations are discussed. First is the combined vertical and radial consolidation with vertical drains. Second is the general 3D consolidation in Cartesian co-ordinates where drainage occurs through all the six phases of a parallelopipe-shaped sample. But the settlement in both cases is allowed in the vertical direction only. It is shown that primary compression after 60% consolidation, with whatever simple or complicated drainage conditions, essentially gives a straight line on a linear plot of settlement versus rate of settlement while secondary consolidation is a straight line on semi-log plot of settlement versus rate of settlement. 相似文献
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竖井排水固结法中井阻随时空演变（即由淤堵和弯折所引起的竖井排水能力下降）的现象已引起广泛关注,且变井阻对竖井地基固结速率的影响不容忽略。但目前能同时考虑变荷载及井阻随时间和空间变化的固结解析解还鲜有报道。考虑井阻随时空演变过程,引入实际中广泛采用的单级或多级加载模式,建立了竖井地基固结模型,并应用分离变量法获得固结模型的解析解答。通过与已有的解析解、有限差分解及工程实测值进行对比分析,充分验证了该模型的正确性。通过大量的计算,分析变井阻参数对竖井地基固结性状的影响。结果表明：竖井地基固结速率随竖井最终排水能力的增大而加快,随深度井阻参数及时间井阻参数的增大而减缓,且时间井阻参数的影响更为显著。 相似文献
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基于有效固结应力法确定结构性黏性土不排水抗剪强度 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
由于结构性的存在使得很多天然黏性土的强度和变形特性不同于重塑土和非结构性土。首先回顾了适用于确定重塑土和非结构性土不排水抗剪强度的有效固结应力法,并推导了相应的方程。在此基础上,对于结构性黏性土,采用两段不同斜率（内摩擦角正切）和截距（黏聚力）的直线模拟其抗剪强度包络线,建立了确定其不排水抗剪强度的有效固结应力法方程;当有效应力小于结构屈服应力时,有效固结应力方程中有效应力部分需乘以0.8的修正系数;只要已知剪切前的有效应力,利用相应的有效固结应力法公式,可确定结构性土体的不排水抗剪强度。利用连云港结构性软黏土的等压固结三轴试验数据,验证了有效固结应力法的适用性。分析表明：对于连云港软黏土的不排水抗剪强度,有效固结应力法的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好;对于结构屈服应力,有效固结应力法的预测结果与试验数据点的拟合结果有一定偏差,但并不明显。 相似文献