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1.
The interannual variations of rainfall over southwest China (SWC) during spring and
its relationship with sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Pacific are analyzed,
based on monthly mean precipitation data from 26 stations in SWC between 1961 and 2010,
NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data, and Hadley global SST data. Sensitivity tests are conducted to
assess the response of precipitation in SWC to SSTAs over two key oceanic domains, using the
global atmospheric circulation model ECHAM5. The interannual variation of rainfall over SWC in
spring is very significant. There are strong negative (positive) correlation coefficients
between the anomalous precipitation over SWC and SSTAs over the equatorial central Pacific
(the mid-latitude Pacific) during spring. Numerical simulations show that local rainfall in
the northwest of the equatorial central Pacific is suppressed, and a subtropical anticyclone
circulation anomaly is produced, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the mid-latitude
western Pacific occurs, when the equatorial Pacific SSTAs are in a cold phase in spring.
Anomalous northerly winds appear in the northeastern part of SWC in the lower troposphere.
Precipitation increases over the Maritime Continent of the western equatorial Pacific, while a
cyclonic circulation anomaly appears in the northwest of the western equatorial Pacific. A
trough over the Bay of Bengal enhances the southerly flow in the south of SWC. The trough also
enhances the transport of moisture to SWC. The warm moisture intersects with anomalous cold
air over the northeast of SWC, and so precipitation increases during spring. On the
interannual time scale, the impacts of the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs on rainfall in SWC
during spring are not significant, because the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are affected by the
equatorial central Pacific SSTAs; that is, the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are a feedback to
the circulation anomaly caused by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs. 相似文献
2.
In this study, we investigate the variations of spring and autumn air temperatures in southern China (SC) and associated atmospheric circulation patterns. During the boreal spring, the SC air temperature is mainly influenced by tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). On the one hand, the El Ni?o SSTA pattern may induce a stronger-than-normal western Pacific subtropical high, which leads to warming in SC. On the other hand, the warm SSTAs in the tropical Indian Ocean may trigger anomalous Rossby wave trains, which propagate northeastward and result in anomalously high temperature in SC. During the boreal autumn, however, the SC temperature is more likely affected by mid-latitude atmospheric circulation, such as the wave trains forced by the North Atlantic SSTAs.
The NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) is able to capture the climatology of SC air temperatures during both spring and autumn. For interannual variation, the CFSv2 shows a good skill for predicting the SC temperature in spring, due to the model’s good performance in capturing the associated atmospheric circulation anomalies as responses to tropical SSTAs, in spite of the overestimated relationship with the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, the model has a poor skill for predicting the SC temperature in autumn, primarily due to the unrealistic prediction of its relationship with the ENSO. 相似文献
3.
4.
Using tropical cyclone （TC） observations over a 58-yr period （1949-2006） from the China Meteorological Administration, the 40-year ECMWF Reanalysis （ERA-40）, NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, and the Hadley Centre sea ice and sea surface temperature （HadISST） datasets, the authors have examined the behaviors of tropical cyclones （TCs） in the western north Pacific （WNP） in boreal winter （November-December-January-February）. The results demonstrate that the occurrences of wintertime TCs, including super typhoons, have decreased over the 58 years. More TCs are found to move westward than northeastward, and the annual total number of parabolic-track-type TCs is found to be decreasing. It is shown that negative sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） related to La Nifia events in the equatorial central Pacific facilitate more TC genesis in the WNP region. Large-scale anomalous cyclonic circulations in the tropical WNP in the lower troposphere are observed to be favorable for cyclogenesis in this area. On the contrary, the positive SSTAs and anomalous anticyclonic circulations that related to E1 Nifio events responsible for fewer TC genesis. Under the background of global warming, the western Pacific subtropical high tends to intensify and to expand more westward in the WNP, and the SSTAs display an increasing trend in the equatorial eastern-central Pacific. These climate trends of both atmospheric circulation and SSTAs affect wintertime TCs, inducing fewer TC occurrences and causing more TCs to move westward. 相似文献
5.
东亚冬季风环流异常与中国江淮流域夏季旱涝天气的关系 总被引：66，自引：5，他引：66
选取１９５１—１９９１年中的长江淮河流域夏季旱涝各１０年，对它们前期的中高纬大型环流形势，低纬环流特征，垂直环流强弱，热带海洋状况等进行了对比诊断分析，其结果如下：长江淮河流域夏季旱年前冬（１２—１—２月），欧亚中高纬呈经向型环流，东亚大槽较常年强且南伸，乌拉尔山及鄂霍次克海阻塞形势发展，寒潮活动频繁，东亚沿海中低纬冷涌活动强烈，至使该经度带上的跨赤道气流加强，而且使南海至菲律宾地区的对流活动趋于活跃。而涝年前冬则基本上为相反形势。本文的分析清晰地揭示了旱涝年前冬东亚冬季风环流存在着明显的差别，促使我们寻找冬夏季风活动的可能联系及物理机制。 相似文献
6.
The interdecadal change in the relationship between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and atmospheric circulation over the North Pacific is investigated using both observational data and an atmospheric general circulation model. There are two prominent modes of winter mid-latitude atmospheric variability in the North Pacific: the West Pacific (WP) teleconnection and the Aleutian Low (AL). The relationship between ENSO and the WP-AL patterns changed notably around the late 1970s. From 1957 to 1975, during the mature phase of ENSO, significant sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) occurred, mainly in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean; the associated atmospheric circulation anomaly pattern resembles the negative phase of a WP teleconnection pattern. In contrast, for the 1978–2011 period, significant negative SSTAs were observed in the western and extratropical Pacific in both hemispheres, with some significant positive SSTAs appearing over the eastern Pacific. This is in agreement with the defined regions of a mega-ENSO, the associated atmospheric circulation anomaly pattern resembles the AL mode. Further analysis suggests that a negative–positive anomaly pattern in the 500?hPa geopotential height throughout the entire North Pacific, possibly enhanced by the SSTAs in the extratropical North Pacific associated with the mature phase of ENSO, is responsible for modulating the relationship between ENSO and the North Pacific atmospheric circulation. 相似文献
7.
通过对1998年南海季风爆发过程中大尺度风场、温度场、厚度场、地面气压场以及视热源与视水汽汇的演变分析研究了对流活动对大尺度场的作用,结果表明:大尺度环流与中尺度对流活动之间可能存在着一种正反馈机制。在季风爆发早期,大尺度背景与中尺度对流活动的关系主要表现为前者为季风爆发以及中尺度对流活动的发生提供有利的天气和动力条件;季风爆发后期持续的大范围中尺度对流活动反过来会对大尺度环流存在明显的反馈作用。由对流活动强烈发展产生的凝结潜热释放在南海北部造成了显著的大气加热,使对流层中上层出现一明显的加热中心,这导致:(1)南海上空经向温度梯度由高层向低层发生反向,形成北高南低的温度梯度,从而使大尺度环流发生季节性改变;(2)相应南海北部地面气压不断加深,形成宽广的季风槽和明显的减压区,促使副热带高压从南海地区最后撤离;(3)随着中低层低压环流的不断发展,对流系统和降水区进一步加强并向南扩展,有利于南海季风在南海中、南部地区爆发和维持;(4)季风槽的加深使其南侧的季风气流与水汽输送进一步加强,促使季风爆发过程达到盛期。 相似文献
8.
赤道东太平洋海温正异常对西太平洋副高影响的数值模拟研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用LASG九层大气环流谱模式及IAP两层大气环流模式，模拟研究了不同持续时间的赤道东太平洋海表温度正异常(海表温度异常的持续时间分别为1月份，1～2月份，1～4月份及1～8月份，其他月份为气候SST)对西太平洋副高的影响。结果表明，尽管海表温度异常的持续时间不同，但其引起的西太平洋副高的异常演变及其分布却十分相似；同时，季风区的异常降水(进而异常潜热释放)随时间的演变及其分布也存在一定的相似性(对应于不同持续时间的赤道东太平洋的海表温度正异常，5月份印度洋至西太平洋地区都表现出赤道辐合带北移偏晚的特征)；季风区降水的这种变化同西太平副高的异常是一致的，从而揭示出这两种现象有可能存在着某种联系。结果还表明，导致这种大气响应场对赤道东太平洋海表温度异常持续时间不敏感的一个重要原因是大气内部过程的影响:中纬大气的内部Rossby波源维持了热带地区激发的扰动在中高纬的存在，同时大气内部Rossby波源对赤道太平洋地区的海表温度异常持续时间表现出不敏感性，正是由于这种不敏感性才导致了响应场对赤道太平洋地区海表温度异常持续时间的不敏感性。模拟结果还表明，在夏季赤道东太平洋存在海表温度正异常的情况，尽管大气内部动力过程的作用十分重要，但夏季赤道东太平洋海表温度正异常对夏季西太平洋副高的影响却明显存在，因此，基于赤道太平洋地区海表温度异常的夏季西太平洋副高的可预报性受到赤道东太平洋海表温度正异常及大气内部动力过程的双重影响。模式的依赖性研究表明，模拟结果具有一定的普遍性。 相似文献
9.
The Role of Warm North Atlantic SST in the Formation of Positive Height Anomalies over the Ural Mountains during January 2008 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The most severe snowstorm and freezing-rain event in the past 50 years hit central and southern China in January 2008. One of the main reasons for the anomalous climate event was the occurrence of atmospheric circulation anomalies over middle and high latitudes, particularly the persistent blocking that occurred over the Ural Mountains. Along with atmospheric anomalies, a strong La Nia event in the Pacific and warm sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the North Atlantic were the most significant in the lower boundary. Since a brief analysis suggests that La Nia exerts no significant impact on the Urals, the key point of focus in this study is on the role of the warmer SSTAs in the North Atlantic. Based on an observational composite, North Atlantic SSTAs pattern when the height anomaly over the Urals is strongly positive is found similar to that in January 2008, but no significant SSTAs occurred elsewhere, such as the Pacific. Using an atmospheric general circulation model, ECHAM5, the impact of North Atlantic SSTAs on the extratropical atmosphere circulation in the event was investigated. The results show that the warm SSTAs strengthened the blocking high over the Urals, through anomalous transient eddies. The consistency between the study model and the observational composite indicates that the warm SSTAs in the North Atlantic were indeed an important factor in the formation of the snowstorm disaster of January 2008. 相似文献
10.
The impact of boreal autumn SST anomalies over the South Pacific on boreal winter precipitation over East Asia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The possible mechanism behind the variability in the dipole pattern of boreal winter precipitation over East Asia is analyzed in this study. The results show that the SST anomalies(SSTAs) over the South Pacific Ocean(SPO) in boreal autumn are closely related to the variability in the dipole pattern of boreal winter precipitation over East Asia. The physical link between the boreal autumn SPO SSTAs and the boreal winter East Asian precipitation dipole pattern is shown to mainly be the seasonal persistence of the SPO SSTAs themselves. The seasonal persistence of the SPO SSTAs can memorize and transport the signal of the boreal autumn SSTAs to the following winter, and then stimulates a meridional teleconnection pattern from the SH to the NH, resulting in a meridional dipole pattern of atmospheric circulation over East Asia in boreal winter. As a major influencing factor, this dipole pattern of the atmospheric circulation can finally lead to the anomalous precipitation dipole pattern over East Asia in boreal winter. These observed physical processes are further confirmed in this study through numerical simulation. The evidence from this study, showing the impact of the SPO SSTAs in boreal autumn,not only deepens our understanding of the variability in East Asian boreal winter precipitation, but also provides a potentially useful predictor for precipitation in the region. 相似文献
11.
本文收集了1971-1985年粤东地区的28个冰雹天气过程,对降雹的气候特点、环流形势背景、能量场、位势稳定度场、局地大气特征的垂直分布和层结稳定度,以及卫星云图特征进行统计与分析,初步了解了粤东地区春、夏两季降雹前的一些天气特点和它们之间的差异,建立了降雹的四种天气模式、物理量诊断指标,为雷达加强监测、制作冰雹落区的短时预警报提供依据。最后还制作了冰雹的预报框图,供日常预报应用。 相似文献
12.
中国南方冬季持续性温湿异常事件的分类和特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1981-2010年中国测站逐日气温和降水异常序列,将中国南方冬季持续性异常事件分为冷湿、冷干、暖湿和暖干4类持续性异常事件,并用NCEP-DOE逐日再分析资料对各类持续性异常事件的环流特征进行了分析。结果表明,欧亚大陆中高纬度上空"北高南低"的异常环流形势使得温带急流减弱、副热带急流增强,有利于冷空气向南爆发;而中纬度地区"东高西低"的异常环流则对应西太平洋副热带高压增强北移和南支西风槽的活跃,有利于偏南风水汽输送达到中国南方地区,中国南方降水偏多。受南北异常环流的共同影响,中国南方冬季经常出现持续性异常天气,冷湿（低温雨雪冰冻）事件正是在上述两种异常环流型影响下发生的。因此,考虑与冷湿事件相联系的关键环流系统可能有助于提高中国南方冬季低温雨雪冰冻事件的预报能力。 相似文献
13.
热带大气垂直环流圈对海温场响应的数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文用一个热带地区两层原始方程模式在赤道东太平洋异常增暖和降冷两种情况下,计算了大气的垂直环流圈对海温异常的响应。试验结果进一步发展了Bjerknes的假说,支持了我国气象工作者提出沃克环流和哈得莱环流存在相互制约的发展趋势。同时通过试验对比,我们指出,热带东西海温梯度在形成这两个正交的垂直环流圈中起主导作用,即由这一海温梯度形成的热力性赤道纬圈环流可以引导出与它有相反变化趋势的经圈环流,反之则不然。 相似文献
14.
1960～2011年江淮地区夏季极端高温日数的特征及成因分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
基于江淮地区气象站1960~2011年逐日最高气温资料,分析了江淮地区在北半球夏季极端高温日数的年际变化及其与大气环流场和海温的关系。结果表明在江淮流域极端高温日偏多(少)时,其上空对流层中上层出现了具有正压结构的异常反气旋(气旋)环流,以及热成风涡度平流导致的下沉(上升)运动;亚洲西风急流的位置偏北(南),并且200 h Pa经向风场有明显的类似丝绸之路遥相关型的波列结构。在江淮地区极端高温日数偏多(少)的年份,前期的赤道太平洋中部,中国南海、孟加拉湾以及阿拉伯海海温呈现显著的正(负)异常,同期的中国东部海区、南日本海的海温呈现显著的正(负)异常。利用耦合模式比较计划第五阶段(CMIP5)中的8个模式的结果,评估了CMIP5模式对中国江淮地区夏季年平均极端高温的模拟效果,在此基础上,对未来极端高温的变化进行了预估。模式结果表明,在RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway)2.6情景下,21世纪末江淮地区夏季极端高温日数将可能达20 d左右;在RCP4.5情景下,21世纪末极端高温日数可能达40 d左右;在RCP8.5情景下,21世纪末极端高温日数将可能达约70 d。 相似文献
15.
东亚低纬地区局地Hadley环流特征及其与大气臭氧的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用1975—2008年NCEP/NCAR的逐月平均风场资料及1975—2001年ECMWF的逐月多层臭氧质量混合比资料,用大气环流三维分解方法研究了东亚低纬度地区之局地Hadley环流的结构及年代际演变特征,分析了该区域局地Hadley环流异常时对应大气臭氧的空间距平分布。研究结果表明:(1)东亚低纬度地区局地Hadley环流既与纬圈平均Hadley环流具有明显的季节变化,但又具有明显区别于纬圈平均Hadley环流的自身结构特征:除冬季存在明显向南、向北输送的两闭合环流圈外,局地Hadley环流在其余季节均以向南输送为主;(2)该局地Hadley环流具有不同于纬圈平均Hadley环流的年代际演变特征,在整个研究时段上以振荡变化为主,并没有表现出象纬圈平均值那样明显的增强趋势;(3)区域赤道上空平流层20～50 hPa大气臭氧的正负距平异常中包含有局地Hadley环流的异常信息:当局地Hadley环流异常强时,区域赤道上空20～50 hPa大气臭氧有一显著负距平异常中心,反之亦然。 相似文献
16.
In this study, we assess the prediction for May rainfall over southern China(SC) by using the NCEP CFSv2 outputs. Results show that the CFSv2 is able to depict the climatology of May rainfall and associated circulations.However, the model has a poor skill in predicting interannual variation due to its poor performance in capturing related anomalous circulations. In observation, the above-normal SC rainfall is associated with two anomalous anticyclones over the western tropical Pacific and northe... 相似文献
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18.
Chiaki Kobayashi 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(7-8):1871-1882
The relationship between mid-latitude tropospheric warming (MLTW) and the tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in June–August (JJA) of 2010 has been investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model forced with the evolving observed SSTs. The simulation results indicate that the SST anomalies (SSTAs) in the equatorial Pacific in JJA 2010, indicating La Niña condition, did not contribute simultaneously to produce the MLTW in JJA 2010, and, instead, the SSTAs in the northern subtropics (the whole latitudinal band between 10°N and 30°N) contributed. However, it is shown by the results that enough magnitude of the atmospheric height anomalies over the northern mid-latitude was not reproduced by the SSTAs over the northern subtropical Indo-western Pacific (IWP) alone or over the northern subtropical Atlantic alone. It implies that both the SSTA over the northern subtropics of IWP and Atlantic were necessary to reproduce the MLTW. The possible role of convective activity for the MLTW is also discussed. 相似文献
19.
2020年发生在江淮流域,朝鲜半岛和日本南部(简称梅雨区)的暴力梅造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失.此次暴力梅的主要特征为:入梅早(6月1日),出梅晚(8月1日)以及较强的梅雨期降水.2020年异常早入梅和晚出梅时期的降水占梅雨期总降水的一半以上.因此,为了深入解析2020暴力梅的机制,本文将分析2020异常早入梅和晚出... 相似文献
20.
东亚地区大气辐射能收支(三)--云天大气的地气系统热量收支 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
本文是东亚地区大气辐射能收支”的第三部分,讨论了如下几个问题: 1.云天大气长波辐射和辐射差额分布。结果指出,除7月份西藏高原地区外,云天和晴天长波辐射分布特征基本相同,而其辐射差额分布又和相应月份的大气长波辐射分布特征基本一致。 2.东亚地区对流层大气热源热汇分布:8月份整个东亚地区都是冷源,在新疆地区和中国东部北纬32°—25°之间有两个冷中心。在7月份整个东亚地区都是热源,在西藏高原东南部有一个最强的热源中心。新疆北部有一个小的热源中心。 3.东亚各地区的地气系统各种热量收支。首先就整个东亚地区地气系统而言,7月份得到热量基本上补偿了1月份损失的热量,但就大气而言,1月份热量损失大于7月份热量的获得。其次各地区各种热量收支特征并不一致。 相似文献