共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 509 毫秒
1.
碱性介质中合成水钠锰矿的几个影响因素 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
水钠锰矿是土壤和沉积物中常见的氧化锰矿物。较系统地研究了碱性介质中合成水钠锰矿几个影响因素的作用规律。结果表明,在实验条件下,反应液的流动速率和氧气流量是合成水钠锰矿的主要影响因素,在反应中使用机械搅拌,可以使水钠锰矿的合成简单易行;而反应前通氮气处理和反应温度对水钠锰矿的合成没有影响;实验合成单相水钠锰矿的条件为:OH-/Mn摩尔比为13.7,O2的流量2L/min,在常温和机械搅拌下氧化5h;其平均化学组成为Na0.25MnO2.07·0.66H2O。 相似文献
2.
水钠锰矿是土壤与沉积物中最为常见的氧化锰矿物,依据其MnO6层对称特点分为六方和三斜两种亚结构类型.六方水钠锰矿在表生环境中可通过Mn2+的化学或生物氧化形成,而环境中三斜水钠锰矿的形成及进一步转化为钙锰矿的途径尚不清楚.以两种六方水钠锰矿(酸性水钠锰矿和水羟锰矿)为前驱物,采用X射线吸收光谱(EXAFS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电镜(FESEM/TEM)及化学组成分析等技术方法模拟表生环境研究了水钠锰矿从六方向三斜的亚结构转化及生成钙锰矿的化学条件和矿物学机制.结果表明,适当Mn(Ⅱ)浓度和弱碱性条件(pH≥8)可使六方水钠锰矿逐渐转化为三斜水钠锰矿,继而经Mg2+交换、常压回流得到了长纤维状的钙锰矿,其晶体生长以溶解-结晶为主.Mn(Ⅱ)与六方水钠锰矿MnO6八面体层内的Mn(Ⅳ)反应生成Mn(Ⅲ)并填充层内空位,使水钠锰矿对称型由六方向三斜转变.与酸性水钠锰矿相比,水羟锰矿结晶弱、层状堆积混乱度高,与Mn(Ⅱ)反应迅速,层结构向三斜水钠锰矿转化快.pH升高,促进六方水钠锰矿对Mn(Ⅱ)的吸附和Mn(Ⅱ)与Mn(Ⅳ)间的反应,六方水钠锰矿转化为三斜水钠锰矿的速率加快."六方水钠锰矿→三斜水钠锰矿"可能是环境中三斜水钠锰矿的重要来源,及进一步形成钙锰矿的重要化学生成机制. 相似文献
3.
热液条件下钙锰矿的合成及其影响因素 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
钙锰矿具有3× 3的大隧道构造, 广泛分布于大洋锰结壳和锰结核等环境中, 其性质和成因倍受关注.以改进方法制备的水钠锰矿(birnessite)为前驱物, Mg2+交换后得到Mg-水钠锰矿(或称布塞尔矿, buserite), 经热液处理合成了结晶度高的单相钙锰矿(todorokite), 采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等技术探讨了热液温度、体系压力和处理时间等因素对钙锰矿合成的影响.结果表明: 合成的钙锰矿与天然钙锰矿有相同的形貌和生长特征, 呈纤维状, 沿120°三连晶生长, 平均化学组成为Mg0.16MnO2.07 0.82H2O.在实验条件下, 热液温度和处理时间是影响钙锰矿合成的主要因素; 而通过改变高压釜的填充度引起体系压力的变化对钙锰矿合成的影响较小, 体系压力并不是钙锰矿形成的主要影响因素.热液温度越高, Mg-水钠锰矿转化为钙锰矿的速率越快, 完全转化为钙锰矿所需的处理时间越短.热液温度分别为120℃、160℃和200℃时, Mg-水钠锰矿完全转化为钙锰矿所需的时间分别为6 h、4 h和2 h; 但热液温度高于160℃时, 易生成水锰矿杂质.延长处理时间与提高热液温度具有相似的影响规律.这进一步明确了钙锰矿的生成条件, 可为阐明钙锰矿的形成机制和促进其在材料科学中的应用提供理论依据. 相似文献
4.
水钠锰矿是土壤与沉积物中最为常见的氧化锰矿物, 依据其MnO6层对称特点分为六方和三斜两种亚结构类型.六方水钠锰矿在表生环境中可通过Mn2+的化学或生物氧化形成, 而环境中三斜水钠锰矿的形成及进一步转化为钙锰矿的途径尚不清楚.以两种六方水钠锰矿(酸性水钠锰矿和水羟锰矿)为前驱物, 采用X射线吸收光谱(EXAFS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电镜(FESEM/TEM)及化学组成分析等技术方法模拟表生环境研究了水钠锰矿从六方向三斜的亚结构转化及生成钙锰矿的化学条件和矿物学机制.结果表明, 适当Mn(Ⅱ)浓度和弱碱性条件(pH≥8)可使六方水钠锰矿逐渐转化为三斜水钠锰矿, 继而经Mg2+交换、常压回流得到了长纤维状的钙锰矿, 其晶体生长以溶解-结晶为主.Mn(Ⅱ)与六方水钠锰矿MnO6八面体层内的Mn(Ⅳ)反应生成Mn(Ⅲ)并填充层内空位, 使水钠锰矿对称型由六方向三斜转变.与酸性水钠锰矿相比, 水羟锰矿结晶弱、层状堆积混乱度高, 与Mn(Ⅱ)反应迅速, 层结构向三斜水钠锰矿转化快.pH升高, 促进六方水钠锰矿对Mn(Ⅱ)的吸附和Mn(Ⅱ)与Mn(Ⅳ)间的反应, 六方水钠锰矿转化为三斜水钠锰矿的速率加快."六方水钠锰矿→三斜水钠锰矿"可能是环境中三斜水钠锰矿的重要来源, 及进一步形成钙锰矿的重要化学生成机制. 相似文献
5.
不同氧化锰矿物对光催化降解苯酚的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
合成层状结构的酸性和碱性水钠锰矿以及隧道结构的锰钾矿和钙锰矿,将其用于苯酚的光催化降解研究。分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、BET氮气吸附法和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对供试锰氧化物的晶体结构、化学组成、微观形貌、比表面积以及光吸收性能等进行了表征。研究表明,暗反应条件锰氧化物对苯酚的降解作用较弱,而UV-Vis光照能显著促进锰氧化物对苯酚的降解。光照反应12 h后,锰钾矿、酸性水钠锰矿、钙锰矿以及碱性水钠锰矿的苯酚降解率分别为92.1%、77.3%、57.4%和45.8%;对应的TOC去除率分别由暗反应时的6.3%、11.2%、2.0%和4.6%提高至62.1%、43.1%、25.4%和22.5%。4种供试锰氧化物均具有光催化活性,其大小顺序为:锰钾矿>酸性水钠锰矿>钙锰矿>碱性水钠锰矿。UV-Vis光照下氧化锰矿物光化学降解苯酚主要存在3种降解机制———苯酚的直接光解,锰氧化物的化学氧化和锰氧化物的光化学催化,其中光催化降解起主导作用。 相似文献
6.
水钠锰矿氧化硫化物的过程与动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水钠锰矿是表生环境中常见的氧化锰矿物之一,影响土壤溶液中硫化物的迁移、转化和归趋。本文考察了酸性水钠锰矿氧化硫化钠溶液的反应过程,采用分光光度法、离子色谱法分析S2-及其氧化产物的浓度和变化趋势,用XRD、SEM表征酸性水钠锰矿粉末反应前后的晶体结构和微观形貌,探讨了温度、pH值、矿物用量对S2-氧化速率的影响。结果表明,S2-的氧化产物主要为单质S,其氧化速率符合准一级动力学规律,且氧化速率随着温度升高、pH值降低和矿物用量增加而增大;酸性水钠锰矿首先被还原生成Mn(OH)2,Mn(OH)2在空气中与O2作用转化成Mn3O4,Mn3O4可进一步转化生成MnOOH。 相似文献
7.
探讨了人工合成的高价锰氧化物与紫外光(UV)联用时降解苯酚废水的特性。结果表明,氧化锰矿物在无UV时对苯酚的降解能力差异大,1 g/L的氧化锰4 h对200 mg/L苯酚废水的降解率和COD去除率分别为:锰钾矿97.51%、酸性水钠锰矿89.07%、碱性水钠锰矿11.36%、钙锰矿9.67%;锰钾矿87.79%、酸性水钠锰矿53.11%、碱性水钠锰矿6.42%、钙锰矿1.43%。UV光照下,氧化锰矿物对苯酚的降解率有不同程度的提高,且表现出显著的表面光催化性质,增加了苯酚的深度降解,COD去除率显著提高。UV下氧化锰4 h对苯酚的降解率分别为:锰钾矿99.48%、酸性水钠锰矿91.86%、碱性水钠锰矿40.15%、钙锰矿35.95%);COD的去除率分别为:锰钾矿98.11%、酸性水钠锰矿68.45%、钙锰矿27.57%、碱性水钠锰矿24.27%。MnO2-UV联用时降解苯酚可能包括两种主要作用机制:氧化锰矿物的直接化学氧化降解和UV下MnO2的表面光催化降解。 相似文献
8.
利用锰矿山现有初级产品MnSO4.H2O低成本制备锰钾矿型八面体分子筛。在液相环境中MnSO4和KOH反应生成Mn(OH)2沉淀后,在溶解氧和OH-的参与下,生成K型水钠锰矿,在高温下发生结构的调整转化为锰钾矿。通过实验获得的最佳条件为:在500mL反应体系中用0.2M的MnSO4.H2O与1M的KOH在室温环境中、通空气流量为30L/min、振荡搅拌转速为100r/min的条件下反应3h,离心洗涤至pH=12,样品干燥后在600℃下煅烧1h。为大规模开展锰矿山产品的深加工提供了重要的实验依据。 相似文献
9.
选取人工合成的简单花岗岩玻璃以及铌锰矿和钽锰矿晶质矿物作为实验初始物,实验研究了100MPa、800℃条件下铌锰矿和钽锰矿在水饱和(或近水饱和)的无磷和含磷简单花岗质熔体中的溶解度。实验结果显示,在过碱质熔体中铌锰矿和钽锰矿的溶解度远高于它们在准铝质和过铝质熔体中的溶解度,但两者之间的溶解度相差不大;在准铝质和过铝质熔体中,铌锰矿的溶解度要明显低于钽锰矿。在过碱质熔体中,铌锰矿、钽锰矿的溶解度与体系中P2O5的含量存在负的线性相关性,即lgKspNb=-0.29×P2O5-2.05(R2=0.96)和1gKspTa=-0.29×P2O5-1.79(R22=0.98);在准铝质熔体中,铌锰矿、钽锰矿的溶解度则随体系中P2O5含量的增大呈逐渐升高趋势;在过铝质熔体中,铌锰矿、钽锰矿的溶解度随体系中P205的含量增大,先表现为降低的趋势,但是当P2O5的含量大于约3%时铌锰矿、钽锰矿的溶解度在误差范围内随P205含量的升高基本保持恒定。上述实验结果产生的主要原因很可能与铌、钽在硅酸盐熔体中的溶解机制以及磷在不同化学组成的硅酸盐熔体中不同的结构作用有关。 相似文献
10.
水钠锰矿为自然界中常见的锰氧化物矿物,其离子交换作用及结构转变理解尚不深刻,矿物表征手段较为局限.为探究水钠锰矿的离子交换特性以及结构转变在拉曼光谱上的反映,利用MnSO4和NaOH合成了三斜晶系的Na型水钠锰矿,进行了NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Co2+、Zn2+的离子交换实验,使用ICP-OES、XRD、拉曼光谱等手段对离子交换水钠锰矿进行表征.拉曼光谱分析表明,570~585 cm-1与640~655 cm-1两个锰氧八面体伸缩振动模式的相对强度及570~585 cm-1附近拉曼峰峰位指示水钠锰矿的结构对称型;570~585 cm-1拉曼峰强度大、振动频率高指示三斜对称型.280 cm-1与500 cm-1附近的拉曼峰是层间离子种类的识别标志.水钠锰矿层间若为Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+等碱金属、碱土金属离子,则在280 cm-1附近存在1个峰值,500 cm-1存在2个分立的峰值;其他种类的层间离子仅500 cm-1处有1个孤峰,指示层间离子排列无序. 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
15.
正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
16.
正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
17.
正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
18.
正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
19.
正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献
20.
正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of 相似文献