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在日本东京2005年10月19日危机管理产业展上, 展示了一种袖珍生命探测仪SAR2700, 它能在地震、火灾的废墟中, 快速探测出被埋在废墟中的生命的准确位置. 其最大特点是: 可以依据被困者的心跳电磁波强度和方向, 照射出其所在的准确位置和地下深度. 相似文献
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红外生命探测仪的研制及试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述了地震现场救灾被动红外生命探测的原理,详述了ＨＳＹ－１型红外生命探测仪的设计和实验结果,该仪器探测距离大于１５ｍ,探测视场超过３５°,功能小于１２Ｖ５０ｍＡＤＣ。 相似文献
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热红外天底探测仪是观测诸如水汽、二氧化碳和臭氧等大气组分总柱含量或垂直剖面的理想仪器。低于5cm-1光谱分辨率的高分辨率探测仪能够分辨痕量气体细微的光谱特征。在第一台高光谱探测仪IRIS出现的40年后,现在几款改进了仪器特性的仪器已经在轨运行。本文评述了应用热红外天底探测仪观测痕量气体,重点在于红外大气探测干涉仪(IASI)的新近观测。文章介绍了14种非常活泼的痕量气体的典型观测。从天底视角观测气体讲,一些组分属首次报道,包括亚硝酸、呋喃、乙炔、丙基烯、乙酸、甲醛和氰化氢;这些组分是在2009年2月澳大利亚丛林大火的火积云中观测到的。由于能够观测这些大量活性的痕量气体,所以我们关于源排放及其对环境和气候方面影响的知识可能会加深。 相似文献
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正北京时间3月30日20时30分至21时30分,2019年"地球一小时"活动分别在北京、上海、武汉、深圳、成都等地同时举行熄灯仪式。北京奥林匹克塔、上海东方明珠、武汉黄鹤楼、深圳印力广场等地标建筑准时熄灭景观灯。"地球一小时"是由世界自然基金会(WWF)发起、全球规模最大的环保公益运动。自2007年起,该活动已经覆盖超过180个国家与 相似文献
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EY60回声探测仪在青海湖鱼类资源量评估中的应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2006年8月16-18日通过使用回声探测仪(Simrad公司EY60型,200kHz换能器)对青海湖的鱼类资源进行了探测评估.结果表明:青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalski)水平分布具不均匀性,有小型鱼群聚集现象;在不同的设定分区,鱼类密度在0.168-12.8ind./1000m~3之间,均值为1.16 ind./1000m~3;布哈河口鱼类较为密集,密度最大值为12.8ind./1000m~3.初步估算青海湖裸鲤达可捕规格(体长大于20cm)个体数量为6.5×10~7ind.,95%置信度区间为35.6×10~7-118.4×10~7ind.,应用资源密度体积法估算青海湖裸鲤的可捕资源量约为1 5275t.探测实验还证实,EY60回声探测仪在青海湖中进行鱼类资源评估时探测效果良好,分析软件Sonar5可以对鱼类个体自动识别、计数,便于进行鱼类资源量评估. 相似文献
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破坏性地震发生后,埋压人员的快速搜索是地震救援工作成功的重要因素。微波成像生命探测仪作为当前废墟搜索的装备之一,近年来得到了广泛应用。但救援队利用现有综合训练场地进行该类装备的测试方法,在装备针对性测试和深度功能认知方面存在着一定局限性,影响了微波成像生命探测仪的现场使用效率和技术发展。为此,本文在充分调研国内外主流地震模拟废墟训练场地的基础上,提出了相关的改进意见,结合汶川地震废墟三维采集数据和队伍实战经验,给出微波搜索装备综合测试方法,并在国家地震紧急救援训练基地完成了测试平台的搭建,取得较好的装备测试效果,为应急救援装备电子化和标准化测试提供参考。 相似文献
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在月球探测中,星载高频雷达探测仪(HF Radar Sounder)通过月球表面天底点和次表面天底点的回波时延差与强度探测月球分层结构.电磁波在月球分层结构内散射与传播的建模与模拟,对于从雷达探测仪回波中提取微弱的次表面天底点回波,获取次表层结构信息等有重要的意义.本文基于粗糙面散射的Kirchhoff近似与几何光学射线追踪,提出月球分层结构雷达探测回波的模拟方法.根据月球表面地形特征,由规则三角形网格对月表面地形进行数值剖分,数值计算月球表面与次表层面的雷达回波,模拟绕月飞行的星载雷达探测仪对月球表面与次表层结构的探测图像,分析月球表面特征性物理参数对回波的影响.本文所述方法也可以应用到火星等其他外星球次表层结构的探测中. 相似文献
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本文以搭载在风云三号D星上的红外高光谱探测仪(High-Spectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder,简称HIRAS)为例,评估了通用快速辐射传输模式RTTOV(版本12)中臭氧含量空间和季节变化对模拟的红外高光谱探测仪亮度温度的影响.分析2019—2020年AIRS反演的全球臭氧浓度分布发现：臭氧主要集中在平流层1～50 hPa的高度,有明显的纬度带分布和季节变化;赤道地区臭氧浓度高,两极地区臭氧浓度低,变化范围约8 mg/m3.同一地点臭氧浓度有较明显的季节变化,变化幅度在±3 mg/m3之间.用RTTOV模拟的HIRAS亮度温度对臭氧浓度变化的强敏感区主要在中心波长9.8μm的臭氧强吸收带波段,引起的亮温差可以达到几K的量级,其余通道(尤其是窗区)对臭氧浓度变化不敏感.RTTOV中给出的臭氧浓度缺省值在中低纬度地区偏低,而在极区赋值则偏高,使得模拟的HIRAS臭氧吸收通道亮温值在极区偏高、赤道地区偏低.贴近真实分布的臭氧浓度反演值模拟的9.8μm的亮温比用缺省值模拟的亮温更接近观测值,观测O与模拟B差(O-... 相似文献
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瓦里安公司的数字成像平板探测器产品优势 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《CT理论与应用研究》2005,14(2):70-封3
美国瓦里安公司成立于1948年,是一家以生产X线检测相关产品为主的高科技企业.瓦里安生产的数字成像平板是一种直接将X射线转化为电信号的装置.适用于工业CT无损检测器械装置(如检测发动机、管道、机械零件的磨损状况等)、安全保卫检测装置(如检测集装箱、爆炸物、毒品等)以及医疗影像设备的探测系统. 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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Cu concentrations in surface (river and lake) and subsurface waters are determined. The geographic pattern of Cu distribution in natural water is identified. This pattern is controlled by the difference between its concentrations in drained rocks and soils and the geochemical redox conditions of its migration. Territories with low, medium, and elevated Cu concentrations in natural waters are identified. The concentrations of Cu in natural waters of the region are found to be generally lower than the Clarke values. 相似文献
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Changes in thermal extremes of the climate of Poland in 1951–2010 are examined. Warm extremes have become more frequent, while cold extremes have become less frequent. In the warming climate of Poland, the increase in the number of extremely warm days in a year and the decrease in the number of extremely cold days in a year have been observed. Also the increase of the maximum number of consecutive hot days in a year and the decrease of the maximum number of consecutive very cold and extremely cold days in a year have been observed. However, the trends are not of ubiquitous statistic significance, as the natural variability is strong. 相似文献
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M. MONIRUL QADER MIRZA 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):613-631
Abstract The basin area of the Ganges River in Bangladesh is extremely dependent on a regular water supply from upstream to meet requirements for agriculture, fisheries, navigation, salinity control, and domestic and industrial sectors. In 1975, India commissioned a barrage on the Ganges River at Farakka to divert a significant portion of the dry season flow in order to make the Calcutta Port navigable. Statistical analyses of discharge and water level data have been carried out to determine if significant changes have occurred in the hydrology of the Ganges system in Bangladesh in the post-Farakka period. Siltation of the Gorai River (an offtake of the Ganges River) has also been examined using the stage-discharge relationship and regression analysis. The analyses show that the diversion has caused considerable hydrological changes in the Ganges system in Bangladesh. The water supply in the dry season has been reduced substantially, while siltation of the Gorai River has increased significantly. 相似文献
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Resistivity techniques have been used successfully to identify and delineate geothermal resources in Iceland. The most frequently used techniques include Schlumberger, central loop TEM and head-on profiling. Geothermal systems in Iceland are located both within and outsite the active volcanic regions. Outsite the active volcanic regions the temperature in the upper most kilometer of the geothermal systems is below 150° C whereas the temperature in the geothermal fields within the active volcanic regions exceeds 200° C. The resistivity of the rock in geothermal fields located outside the active volcanic regions ranges from about 10 m to some hundreds of m, and are characterized by considerably lower resistivity than of the surrounding rocks. Most of the geothermal systems within the active volcanic regions, show common resistivity structure with low resistivity of 1–5 m surrounding an inner core of higher resistivity. This increasing resistivity with depth is associated with a change in the conduction mechanism, from interface conduction to electrolyte conduction due to a change in alteration minerals at about 240° C. Examples of resistivity surveys of geothermal fields from both outsite and within the active volcanic regions are discussed. 相似文献