共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Mathieson RS 《Soviet geography》1980,11(8):491-500
The author analyzes changes in population growth rates and in the structure of the labor force in Soviet cities where Japanese-supplied industrial plants are located. Data for cities of over 50,000 inhabitants were obtained from available Soviet statistical sources; operations research techniques were then used to yield information at the city level 相似文献
2.
《Urban geography》2013,34(5):487-517
A sample of 221 cities shows mature forms of urban life in all regions of the Soviet Union. The canonical correlations model permits observation of how the legacy of industrialization, in the form of cities' economic profiles in 1970, has affected each regional subset of cities, and how it keeps shaping their socio-cultural performance in the 1980s. Canonical variables were used to sort all cities into four types of urban dynamics. Distinct and simple associations exist between the prevailing dynamics and regional features of urban networks, such as clustering, connectedness, marginality, and rural vitality. This points to structural flaws in regional development, to a durable pathological component in Soviet urbanization. Centers with narrow and outdated functions tend to be clustered, and they frequently are accompanied by ruined agriculture, regional conflicts in land-use, and regional overloads of railroads. A central core of economic regions within the Soviet Union is experiencing the bulk of such problems. 相似文献
3.
Rowland RH 《Soviet geography》1986,27(9):638-658
"This paper investigates the post-census growth of metropolitan areas and large cities in the USSR from 1979 to 1985. The Soviet population continues to be increasingly concentrated in large metropolitan areas and large cities, and although suburbanization occurs within metropolitan areas, a striking feature is that all central cities continue to grow and typically contain the vast majority of the metropolitan population. This reflects the fact that individual large cities continue to loom large, despite policies to limit their growth. Although the growth rates of large cities have slowed, so have those of smaller towns, and a merging of growth rates by size class is occurring." 相似文献
4.
Shabad T 《Soviet geography》1985,26(2):109-153
This article contains a time series for the population of cities of the Soviet Union for the period 1970-1984. The data are from the Soviet censuses of 1970 and 1979 and from official estimates for 1974 and 1984. The article is designed as a continuation of an earlier time series developed by Chauncy D. Harris for the period 1897-1967. "The updated material consists of a series of tables following the patterns of the earlier material, a methodological explanation, and a discussion of significant trends in the population size of Soviet cities." 相似文献
5.
Lydolph PE 《Soviet geography》1989,30(10):711-729
"Data from the preliminary results of the 1989 census and Naseleniye SSSR 1987 permit analyses of age-sex structures of the Soviet population and distributions by civil divisions of natural growth rates, total population growth, urban growth, rural growth, percent urbanization, and growths of cities. The paper complements the treatment of census results by macroregions appearing in the November 1989 issue of Soviet Geography...by summarizing trends emerging at a finer scale of analysis and providing recent background information on demographic components of population change." 相似文献
6.
"Rural population change within the Non-Chernozem zone of the RSFRS [Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic] is examined over the period 1959-79 at several levels of analysis: the Non-Chernozem zone as a whole, its major economic regions, individual oblasts, individual rayons and individual farms and rural places. The overriding tendency at all levels of analysis has been the increasing spatial concentration of rural population." The authors observe that "this concentration assumes a variety of forms, from the concentration of rural population in the suburban zones of large cities and the immediate surroundings of rayon seats to a decline in the number of rural places (from 180,000 in 1959 to 118,000 in 1979) and the growth of local centers against a general background of rural population decline. The authors hint that the observed tendency is a positive development, in keeping with the policy of converting Soviet agriculture to a more intensive path of development." 相似文献
7.
Demyanovskiy VS 《Soviet geography》1983,24(9):671-683
3 groups of USSR cities are used to study the correlation between city size and the mean annual city growth rates of: 1) oblast capitals of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republics (RSFSR) with diversified machine building; 2) industrial cities of the RSFSR and the Ukraine based on heavy machine building; and 3) small and medium sized textile towns. Results show that the closeness of the relationship between growth rates and city size increases with the number of comparable attributes. The principal factors included are: the level of organization of the city, including its size; its functional and industrial sectoral structure; the degree of saturation with industry; and type of city, probably the key characteristic. The more highly developed a city is, the more important an ntegrated focus it becomes. On the other hand, the lower the level of organization of the city, the more its development will be determined by the function of place. Growth rates of small and medium sized textile towns over the last 20-36 years are roughly 1/5 of the growth rates of oblast capitals and large industrial cities with machine building. Overall, cities of the central economic region constitute a complex system that breaks down into the rhythms of systems of a given type and of different types at various levels of organization. Although cities that are homogeneous in terms of functional, industrial, sectoral, and territorial factors display a correlation between mean annual growth rates and population size, only by looking at these factors in combination, rather than counterposing them to one another, can we identify the objective regularities underlying the growth of cities. 相似文献
8.
Hausladen G 《Soviet geography》1984,25(4):229-247
"This paper examines the impact of satellite-city policies [in the USSR] during the period 1959-80. First, it traces the evolution of satellite-city policies that evolved in response to Khrushchev's interest in regulating the growth of large cities. Second, it examines the extent to which these policies have affected actual urban growth during the period 1959-80. The analysis suggests that, despite satellite-city policies designed to restrict their growth, large cities have become even more dominant in the Soviet Union." 相似文献
9.
This is a philosophical analysis of the concept of urbanization in the contemporary Marxist setting from the geographical and sociological points of view. "The centripetal forces that used to concentrate industry in cities are said to be yielding to opposed centrifugal forces resulting from a combination of technological, ecological and economic processes. The new centrifugal trend has the effect of helping to restrain the growth of very large cities, a Soviet policy goal, and of giving rise to urban agglomerations." The benefits of the decentralization of urbanization are elaborated. 相似文献
10.
Cole JP 《Soviet geography》1990,31(3):160-172
"An overview of the dynamics of Soviet cities of over 100,000 population for the period 1979-1989 is presented, based largely on maps and tables depicting five key 'subsets' or city groupings: (a) cities increasing by over 100,000 inhabitants; (b) the fastest growing cities in percentage terms; (c) their comparison with fastest growing cities, 1959-1979; (d) the slowest growing cities in percentage terms; and (e) their comparison with slowest growing cities, 1959-1979. The paper, by focusing on these parameters and utilizing extensively graphic and cartographic methods of data presentation, provides...insights into city growth trends...." 相似文献
11.
俄罗斯西伯利亚与远东地区城镇化发展水平测度及空间分异研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
构建城镇化评价指标体系,研究俄罗斯西伯利亚与远东地区2005~2015年人口、经济、社会城镇化发展水平及空间分异。研究表明：俄罗斯西伯利亚与远东地区城镇化综合发展水平呈小幅上升,西伯利亚城镇化发展水平高于远东,两联邦区人口城镇化水平下降、经济与社会城镇化发展缓慢,多数联邦主体的城镇化发展低于平均水平;空间上,城镇化发展水平高值区集中在西伯利亚联邦区西部（鄂木斯克-新西伯利亚-阿尔泰边疆区-克麦罗沃-克拉斯诺亚尔斯克-伊尔库茨克联邦主体）,低值区分布在远东联邦区东部（马加丹-楚科奇-勘察加联邦主体）,西高东低格局特征显著;最后探讨了促进西伯利亚与远东人口、经济、社会城镇化发展的具体对策。 相似文献
12.
Harris CD 《Post-Soviet geography》1993,34(9):543-597
"The paper...analyzes the characteristics of 27 million non-Russians who constituted 18 percent of the population of the Russian Federation and its 31 ethnic homelands in 1989. Utilizing data from all Soviet censuses (from 1926), it reviews long-term historical trends; growth patterns related to urban-rural differences, family size, regional contrasts in rates of natural increase, and specific ethnic traits; migration patterns; factors influencing language shifts to the Russian; effect of location inside or outside homeland; and the influences of transportation, cities, and economic development in individual homelands." 相似文献
13.
对中心城市的选择与培育是欠发达地区区域发展必须解决的关键问题。在江西省社会经济数据及交通地理数据支持下,以2000、2005及2010年为时间断面,采用Kernel城市空间密度分析和“自下而上”的城市等级与腹地划分方法,从城市规模结构、等级结构与腹地结构3个角度对赣南原中央苏区城市体系演变进行研究,在此基础上识别出中心城市,并提出培育路径。研究结果表明,2000―2010年,赣南原中央苏区的城市人口规模正处于加速扩张阶段。城市规模空间结构呈现显著的核心―边缘特征,以赣州、吉安、瑞金、南城为中心的城市人口集聚核心区已经显现。以赣州、吉安、瑞金、南城为中心的城镇密集区释放出了显著的空间集聚效应,成为推进苏区城市化进程的重要增长极。苏区的城市等级可划分为3个等级,赣州、吉安、瑞金和南城一直是苏区最具辐射力的一级城市,其在城镇体系中的高等级城市地位已经比较稳固。在城市腹地结构演变上,尽管二级城市的腹地范围持续变动,但赣州、吉安、瑞金和南城4个一级城市的腹地范围始终保持稳定,这与其在城市等级中的稳定性高度吻合。研究认为,应选取赣州作为苏区主中心城市,选取吉安、瑞金、南城作为次中心城市;应从优化城市职能分工、壮大城市产业、做大城市城区、优化交通网络与加强制度创新等方面对中心城市进行培育。 相似文献
14.
论中国西部区域开发战略 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
西部地区地域辽阔，居住形式多样化，差异明显，城市中人口和资源集聚，对西部地区的进一步加快发展至关重要。从这一层面上讲，城市和区域的发展模式和经济转型的步骤和方向高度相关，城市作为经济增长，技术创新和文化发展的中心是地区发展的增长极，文章详尽阐述了西部地区现有的发展模式，未来的增长模式，尤其是重点城市在西部大开发中所担当的角色，以及城镇的发展是如何和基础设施的发展以及暂时性移民的涌入发生相互影响的。 相似文献
15.
依据2000~2012年山东省17个地市的GDP和旅游总收入数据,构建面板数据模型,用定量的方法测度山东省17个地市的旅游业发展和经济增长之间是否存在长期协整关系,并对存在协整关系的地市进一步进行Granger因果检验和面板数据模型回归分析。结果表明: ① 山东省东中西三大地域板块旅游经济效应空间分异现象明显,东部地区的旅游总收入已经成为了经济增长的Granger因,旅游业发展已经对经济增长起到了良好的推动作用,青岛和烟台的旅游总收入和经济增长已经存在双向Granger因果关系;② 中部地区的经济增长是旅游总收入增长的Granger因,经济增长对旅游业发展起到了保障和助推的双重作用,特别是东营和枣庄已经成为山东省旅游业发展的新亮点;③ 西部地区的经济增长和旅游总收入之间尚未形成协整关系。根据研究结果,给出山东省旅游业均衡、健康发展的建议和对策。 相似文献
16.
利用人口与经济变化组合关系和二分类Logistic回归模型,探索新时期吉林省城市发展的空间分异现象及成因。结果表明:(1)吉林省形成了绝对增长型、绝对收缩型、精明增长型和人口集聚中心4种城市发展类型。(2)绝对增长型城市产业结构不断多样化,科技发展对经济增长的贡献率日益提高;精明增长型城市先进制造业、生产性服务业迅速发展,但生活性服务业发展相对不足;绝对收缩型城市以传统制造业为主导产业,城市竞争力不断丧失,存在持续收缩的发展趋势;人口集聚中心凭借发达的公共服务业抑制了主导产业衰退背景下的人口流失现象。(3)产业结构、企业组织、政府调控以及集聚-扩散效应是新时期吉林省城市增长与收缩分化的成因。顺应区域城市发展趋势,编制存量和减量规划,分类引导城市的精明增长与收缩,是未来吉林省空间重构的主要发展路径。 相似文献
17.
Gornostayeva GA 《Soviet geography》1984,25(7):481-488
"A sample of Soviet cities (the largest 100 cities in the RSFSR) is used to develop a model relating city size, city function and the city's force of attraction (in-migration rates)....[It is found that] city growth...is accompanied by a change in functional structure and an increase in the importance of some functions at the expense of others....A change in functional structure, in turn, produces a change in the city's force of attraction, resulting in either an increase or a decline of in-migration." 相似文献
18.
中国城市土地扩张与人口增长协调性研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
基于城市建成区面积和城区人口数据,构建城市土地扩张与人口增长关系模型,对2000年和2010年中国657个城市的土地扩张与人口增长之间的协调性进行了评价。结果表明:①中国城市用地扩张和人口增长之间的协调性较弱,土地显著扩张是中国城市发展的主要类型,数量占城市总量的1/3;其次是人口显著增长类型,占城市数量的1/4,两极分化明显。②在空间分布上,土地显著扩张的城市主要集中在东部沿海、沿江、沿线等经济相对发达地区;人口显著增长的城市分布重心则相对西移,主要处于胡焕庸线以东的中西部地区。③从不同规模城市用地扩张与人口增长的协调性来看,特大城市、大城市发展以土地快速扩张为主,且土地显著扩张所占比例最大;中、小城市发展以人口快速增长为主,并以人口显著增长占优。④由城市规模变动来看,小城市规模晋升多以人口快速增长实现,大、中城市规模晋升则更多通过土地快速扩张推进,特别是以房地产、新城建设等带动的用地驱动型城市化来完成。 相似文献
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20.
厘清中国区域经济发展中多样化的空间相互作用,对于探索新时期区域协调发展的新理念具有重要意义。根据增长极理论和中心地理论构建空间计量模型,以中国260个地级及以上城市为研究对象,研究不同收入水平城市间的同群效应,从新的视角解释区域协调发展的内在动力。研究发现：高收入城市通过正向同群效应对邻近中等收入城市的经济增长产生了带动作用,通过负向同群效应对邻近陷阱城市的经济增长产生了抑制作用,中国城市之间未完全发挥自上而下的辐射带动作用;中等收入城市对高收入城市的经济增长、陷阱城市对中等收入城市的经济增长均具有正向同群效应,中国城市之间存在着自下而上的经济增长促进作用;同等收入水平城市间的经济增长通过正向同群效应相互促进。进一步的作用机制检验表明：同群效应的产生更多是源于分权体制下的“标尺竞争”,其中学习和竞争机制在不同收入水平城市内部的作用效果存在明显异质性。最后,从实施多中心空间战略、构建新型城市合作模式、加强基础设施建设、完善政绩考核体系等方面提出了实现区域协调发展的政策启示。 相似文献