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1.
第四纪时期，黄土高原粉尘物质的搬运、沉积及其后的成土过程受控于干湿气候的变化。对黄土高原这一特定地区而言，风成沉积序列在地域上的差异主要与东亚地区的季风环流在时间和空间上的变化有关。本文的研究揭示出，近１３万年里，最为显著的成壤期有６期，与这６个成壤期对应的时段也应当是夏季风环流加强、气候温湿的时期；在空间上，全新世适宜期及末次间冰期中与深海氧同位素阶段５ａ，５ｃ，５ｅ对应的时期，夏季风足可以深入到毛乌素沙漠腹地，并具有占优势的环境效应。在阶段３的早、晚期及５ｂ时期夏季风虽然也能深入沙漠－黄土边界带，但其环境效应在黄土高原北部及毛乌素沙漠南缘已不再显著。在阶段２、阶段４及阶段３的中期夏季风已不能深入沙漠－黄土边界带。 相似文献
2.
中国黄土研究新进展 (二)古气候与全球变化 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
本文扼要介绍最近几年来在中国黄土高分辨率气候地层、第四纪古气候演化型式以及冷期和暖期中黄土高原古气候空间格局研究方面的一些新进展。根据土壤地层学与地球化学、地球物理学手段的结合,2.5 Ma来的中国黄土系列可划分出37个大的气候旋回,其中含74个气候阶段,这74个气候阶段又可细分为110个次级阶段。第四纪气候振荡的幅度受气候周期长短所控制。从冷期到暖期的气候转换具有突变性,从暖期到冷期的气候转换具有渐变性。冷期堆积的黄土与暖期形成的土壤在性状上都有地带性分布的特征。 相似文献
3.
4.
有关中国黄土高原黄土物质的源区及其输送方式的再评述 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
仅通过对黄土的研究来认识黄土物质的源地和输送方式、沉降过程往往需要假设和推测一些问题,不够直接和全面,借助对沙漠和大气中沙尘粒子本身的研究则可以更清晰地认识它们.文章在以往对黄土物质源区、输送和沉积过程研究的基础上,对有关这些问题的研究进展,特别是2000～2006年以来的进展给出了进一步的评述.结果表明:蒙古源区、以塔克拉玛干沙漠为主体的中国西部沙漠源区和以巴丹吉林沙漠为中心的中国北部沙漠源区贡献了亚洲沙尘释放总量的约70%,它们可视为亚洲沙尘的3个贡献量最大的源区,也可视为是黄土高原黄土物质的主要源地;有关亚洲沙尘的输送,在接近其源区的区域其沙尘浓度峰值在1km及其以下,在中国内陆其峰值通常在1～3km高度,在日本等东亚区域在2～4km高度,在太平洋中部峰值位于4～5km高度,在美国西部在5～7km的位置.通常,亚洲沙尘的区域尺度输送主要受近地面层东亚冬季风的控制,沙尘穿越太平洋的跨洲输送模式与全球尺度的大气环流变化紧密相关,特别是受中纬度西风带的影响.关于黄土高原黄土物质的沉降和堆积,近地面层东亚冬季风起到的是控制性的作用,沙尘在黄土高原的沉降以干沉降为主.晚第四纪黄土-古土壤中的90%以上是亚洲沙尘粒子的沉积物,不到10%受到了再作用过程的影响. 相似文献
5.
Loess sedimentation in Tibet: provenance,processes, and link with Quaternary glaciations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(17-18):2265-2280
Well-preserved loess deposits are found on the foothills of mountains along the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River in southern Tibet. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is used to determine loess ages by applying the single-aliquot regeneration technique. Geochemical, mineralogical, and granulometric measurements were carried out to allow a comparison between loess from Tibet and the Chinese Loess Plateau. Our results demonstrate that (i) the loess deposits have a basal age of 13–11 ka, suggesting they accumulated after the last deglaciation, (ii) loess in southern Tibet has a “glacial” origin, resulting from eolian sorting of glaciofluvial outwash deposits from braided river channels or alluvial fans by local near-surface winds, and (iii) the present loess in the interior of Tibet has accumulated since the last deglaciation when increased monsoonal circulation provided an increased vegetation cover that was sufficient for trapping eolian silt. The lack of full-glacial loess is either due to minimal vegetation cover or possibly due to the erosion of loess as glaciofluvial outwash during the beginning of each interglacial. Such processes would have been repeated during each glacial–interglacial cycle of the Quaternary. 相似文献
6.
根据亚洲粉尘关键区域(中国沙漠、黄土高原、青藏高原和中国历史降尘区)大气气溶胶中15～28种元素的浓度-粒度分布、沉降速率和通量分析,以及元素示踪系统的进一步解析,发现中国北方沙漠存在两个粉尘地-气交换较活跃区域,即中国西部沙漠和北部沙漠高粉尘区,且证明这两个区域及其邻区是亚洲粉尘和黄土高原黄土主要源区的中心区域;通过对5个亚太区域粉尘沉降量的模式估算,得出亚洲粉尘释放总量每年约为800Tg,约相当于全球沙漠排放总量的一半;粉尘与黄土的对比表明,亚洲粉尘区域尺度输送受季风环流控制,但间冰期时并不取决于尘暴过程,而全球尺度输送主要由高空西风完成,无论冰期、间冰期均受尘暴过程控制;粉尘通量的结果表明干沉降是粉尘在黄土区沉降的主要过程,且晚第四纪粉尘沉积的再改造份额不超过其沉积总量的10%;元素示踪系统应用于风成黄土,发现在间冰期北部沙漠源区输出的粉尘量增加,而在冰期西部源区输出的粉尘量增加.这种晚第四纪亚洲粉尘“源区摆动”的快速变化其实是全球千年尺度气候变化的一环,并可视为过去北半球大气环流长期变化的代用序列. 相似文献
7.
文章基于15个剖面,采用土壤学使用的风化成壤强度指数(游离铁FeD/全铁FeT),对黄土高原S0,L1,S1,S4,S5-1层位的风化成壤强度的空间变化进行研究,并与磁化率反映的特征进行对比。结果表明,冰期(黄土层)和间冰期(古土壤层)的风化成壤强度均呈现由东南向西北减弱的特征,与现代季风气候的基本格局一致。然而,冰期时(以L1为代表)整个黄土高原南北气候梯度很弱,间冰期南北气候梯度远大于冰期,反映了冰期时夏季风环流对黄土高原影响很小,南北气候梯度更多体现了气候带的纬度效应。结果同时表明,间冰期时黄土高原地区风化成壤强度和南北气候梯度不具严格的对应关系。S1和S5-1指示了当时较强的夏季风环流,冬季风的影响相对亦较强,而S0和S4发育时期高原南北风化成壤强度的梯度明显减小,反映了当时黄土高原在夏季风影响的背景下,冬季风的影响亦减弱,导致南北梯度的减小。因此,黄土高原风化成壤强度的空间变化指示了冬、夏季风环流不同的消长关系,对研究高低纬度气候驱动力的相互作用具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
选取黄土高原48个末次间冰期以来沉积剖面中的248个黄土、古土壤和弱发育土壤层的代表性样品,对它们的酸不溶物进行了主量元素的分析。结果表明,在已有的几个不受粒度影响的化学风化指标中,(CaO MgO Na2O)/TiO2比值对气候条件变化具有相对较高的敏感性,且受沉积速率的影响较小。在源区风化状况相对稳定的前提下,它是一个反映夏季风变化较为有效的指标。根据该指标在黄土高原上的空间等值线图,发现其从北到南间冰期的变幅大于冰期,这可能表明间冰期时夏季风降水在黄土高原的变化梯度要大于冰期。 相似文献
9.
巫山黄土作为中国南方黄土的重要组成部分,弄清该区的物源将为破译这一宝贵沉积记录提供重要的环境信息.对巫山黄土剖面进行了系统取样和Sr-Nd同位素分析,并与黄土高原同期黄土及近源的河流沉积物等进行了比较.结果表明,巫山黄土的87Sr/86Sr值变化范围为0.717 411~0.719 163,平均值为0.717 998,与黄土高原末次冰期黄土的87Sr/86Sr值（变化范围为0.718 235~0.719 673,平均值为0.718 623）几乎一致;巫山黄土εNd（0）值在-10.1~-11.7之间,平均值为-11.4,明显与长江上游现代河漫滩沉积物εNd（0）值（-5.9~-7.2）差别较大,而与黄土高原黄土εNd（0）值（-9.2~-11.3）接近.研究结果表明巫山黄土的粉尘主要为北方输入,与黄土高原黄土同源.据此认为,巫山黄土的形成并不是因为冰期导致三峡地区干旱河滩干涸暴露而引发粉尘近源堆积,这与近年来长江下游下蜀黄土的研究结果有所不同. 相似文献
10.
作者对宝鸡黄土剖面的粒度组成以10cm 为间隔进行了系统的采样和分析,并以这条粒度曲线为基础,建立了一条适合黄土高原各代表性剖面的轨道调谐时间标尺。据此对37个古土壤的顶、底年龄作了估计。在建立这条时间标尺的过程中,各古地磁界线的K-Ar 年龄值基本保持不变。时间标尺建立后,对地轴倾斜度和岁差的特征周期进行了滤波,发现滤波曲线与理论计算值有很好的匹配。对比已有的两条深海轨道调谐时间标尺,宝鸡剖面时间标尺在时间分辨率及滤波曲线与理论计算值相匹配方面具有一些明显的优点。 相似文献
11.
山东青州地区黄土的粒度组成及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在鲁中山地北侧的山间谷地及山麓地带广泛发育厚度不一的黄土堆积。对该区青州傅家庄黄土剖面进行了系统的粒度分析, 并与黄土高原的第四纪黄土-古土壤、北京现代降尘、剖面附近的河流相样品进行了对比。结果表明, 青州黄土的粒度分布特征与北京现代降尘、黄土高原黄土非常相似, 与河流相样品则有很大的不同; 在整个序列中, 青州黄土粒度变化与黄土高原典型的风成黄土、古土壤一致, 黄土层颗粒粗, 古土壤层颗粒细。上述结果从沉积学的角度为青州黄土风成成因提供了证据。青州黄土的粒度组成特征及前人的研究表明, 青州黄土主要来源于沉积区以北的黄泛平原和莱州弯等地出露的海相地层, 其次是高空气流携带的西北内陆的远缘粉尘。 相似文献
12.
晚新生代黄土高原风尘序列的粒度和沉积速率与中国北方大气环流演变 总被引：12，自引：21，他引：12
文章以风尘沉积的粗粒和细粒组分与季风和西风环流的联系为基础,利用黄土高原中部的洛川剖面、西峰剖面和灵台剖面的粒度和沉积速率记录,讨论了晚新生代中国北方季风环流和西风环流的演变历史,总结了这一时期大气环流演变的基本规律和大气环流演变的动力机制.研究表明,自8～7Ma风尘沉积发育至5Ma左右,西风环流和季风环流都有减弱的趋势;自5Ma以来,西风环流和季风环流的强度都在逐步加强;与此同步,季风环流对风尘沉积的贡献增加,而西风环流对风尘的贡献逐渐减小,这一逐渐发展的大气环流趋势与北半球高纬冰盖的逐步发展有关;大气环流的这种趋势变化在8～7Ma,3.4Ma和1.2～0.9Ma这几个时期存在着突变,可能反映了青藏高原的阶段性隆升对中国北方季风环流演化的决定性作用以及对西风环流结构和强度的重要影响.中国北方大气环流在轨道尺度变化的基本特征是,低空季风环流在冰期加强,在间冰期减弱.西风环流和季风环流在冰期和间冰期的强度和格局可能主要与全球冰量的基本状况和青藏高原原面的性质有关.黄土高原的风尘记录在万年尺度和千年尺度的气候事件上都表现出相当明显的区域差异,可能主要与局部地形的大气环流效应有关. 相似文献
13.
《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy》1999,24(9):817-821
This paper reports palaeorainfall estimates from four loess sequences, comprising the last two glacial cycles (about 130 kyr), from sections along a north-south transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau, to the east of the Liupan Mountains. Palaeorainfall was estimated using low-field magnetic susceptibility data alone. Reduced rainfall occurred during glacial times (L1LL1 and L1LL2), while higher palaeorainfalls occurred during more humid and warmer interglacials and interstadial times (S0, L1SS1 and S1). Moreover, our estimates point out that glacial and interglacial times were characterized by a different rainfall gradient, from south to north of the transect. In the northernmost site (Yulin) the palaeorainfall estimations for the L1LL1 and L1LL2 cold intervals were obscured by the presence of coarse desert dust with very large grain size. 相似文献
14.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(13-14):1884-1896
Past analogs for our present interglacial have been sought for better understanding of our present and future climate. Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11) has long been considered to be a good candidate and has gained increasing attention in recent studies of marine and terrestrial records. In the Chinese loess–paleosol sequences, S4 soil, interpreted as equivalent to MIS 11, yields a very precise terrestrial paleoclimate record of environmental changes that prevailed during this period. In this study, two high-resolution terrestrial mollusc records from the Loess Plateau have been analyzed to characterize climate variability during the periods of MIS 12–10. The changes in environment and climate, indicated by the variations in abundance of land mollusc species, are thus documented. Our mollusc results show that the L5 loess, equivalent of MIS 12, developed under relatively cold and dry conditions. Climate during this period was not as severe as indicated in the marine isotopic records. An episode of warmer and more humid condition occurred at the middle stage of the MIS 12, reflecting a summer monsoon strengthened during the glacial interval. A similar scenario has been observed in the middle part of MIS 10. In addition, our mollusc records provide insight into the climate conditions over the Loess Plateau during MIS 11, a general warm–humid climate dominated during the formation of S4 soil. But at least four fluctuations occurred at Xifeng region, reflecting unstable climate conditions and regional climate differences within the Loess Plateau during this period. Our study shows that the early part of S4, spanning over 30 ka, was very warm and humid, while the late part was characterized by mild-cool conditions. Comparison of mollusc species compositions of both MIS 11 and Holocene intervals reveals different climate conditions. The early part of MIS 11 was warmer and more humid than the Holocene optimum period, while the late part of MIS 11 was similar or cooler. Our study indicates that the extent of warming during the Holocene in the Loess Plateau might be significantly less than the conditions that prevailed during the MIS 11 interglacial period. 相似文献
15.
超声波振荡对细颗粒黄土样品粒度测量影响的实验分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
在使用常规的前处理方法对细粒黄土（粘黄土）样品进行粒度测量时,发现结果不稳定。为了调查原因,分别选取黄土高原东南缘河南卢氏、秦岭地区陕西洛南和陕西洛川三个地点的黄土、古土壤样品,进行对比实验,分析前处理方法对细颗粒黄土样品粒度测量结果的影响。结果发现,在进行细粒黄土的粒度测量过程中,激光粒度仪上的超声波振荡分散时间对测量结果影响很大,一般应控制在２ｍｉｎ以上。作者用河南卢氏乔家窑黄土—古土壤剖面 的连续粒度测量结果对改进后的前处理方法进行可行性验证,结果表明,采用改进后的前处理方法所得的结果,与野外地层划分及磁化率值的变化有较好的相关性,表明改进后的前处理方法更适用于细颗粒黄土样品的粒度测量。 相似文献
16.
P. De Deckker T. T. Barrows J.-B. W. Stuut S. van der Kaars M. A. Ayress J. Rogers 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(1):17-36
We present an array of new proxy data and review existing ones from core Fr1/94-GC3 from the East Tasman Plateau. This core is positioned at the southern extreme of the East Australia Current and simultaneously records changes in both oceanography and environments both in offshore and in southeastern Australia. Microfossils, including planktonic and benthic foraminifera, ostracods, coccoliths and radiolarians, were studied to interpret palaeo-oceanographic changes. Sea-surface temperature was estimated using planktonic foraminifera, alkenones and radiolaria. From the silicate sediment fraction, the mean grain size of quartz grains was measured to detect the changes in wind strength. An XRF scan of the entire core was used to determine the elemental composition to identify provenance of the sediment. We also compare these data with a pollen record from the same core provided in an accompanying article that provides the longest well-dated record of vegetation change in southeastern Australia. In an area of slow sedimentation, Fr1/94-GC3 provides a continuous record of change in southeastern Australia and the southern Tasman Sea over approximately the last 460?ka. We determine that the East Australian Current varied in intensity through time and did not reach the core site during glacial periods but was present east of Tasmania during all interglacial periods. The four glacial–interglacial periods recorded at the site vary distinctly in character, with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9 being the warmest and MIS 5 the longest. Through time, glacial periods have progressively become warmer and shorter. Deposition of airborne dust at the core site is more substantial during interglacial periods than glacials and is believed to derive from mainland Australia and not Tasmania. It is likely that the source and direction of the dust plume varied significantly with the wind regimes between glacials and interglacials as mean effective precipitation changed. 相似文献
17.
对青藏高原东北缘的民和黄土进行粒度分析发现，民和黄土粒度组成与兰州、洛川和西安等地差别较大，其黄土粒度明显大于上述地区。传统地把民和黄土划分为黄土带的南部过于简单化，它忽略了因青藏高原隆升而激发产生的高原物源区作用，应将民和黄土归属于黄土与砂黄土的过渡带。青藏高原因冰川反复消融和磨蚀产生的砂尘为民和黄土提供了可观的粗物质补给。事实表明，青藏高原第四纪冰川－冰融作用所产生的大量砂粉尘，不仅是高原腹地黄土区的主要物源，也是青藏高原边缘黄土的主要物源之一。 相似文献
18.
Orbital-scale East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) variations inferred from loess deposits in northern China and speleothems from southern China display different dominant periods, complicating our understanding of monsoon response to insolation and ice-volume forcings. Here we integrate a new microcodium δ18O record from a high-resolution last interglacial loess profile with previously published data and provide a composite microcodium δ18O record on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) since the last interglacial. The composite microcodium δ18O record displays distinct precessional cycles, consistent with speleothem δ18O records, but with different amplitude contrast (particularly during the peak interglacials). We propose that both loess and speleothem δ18O records exhibit covariations at precessional timescale oscillations. The discrepancy between loess and speleothem from southern China can be attributed to the influences of other processes besides summer precipitation on the proxies. A slight difference in amplitude between microcodium and speleothem δ18O records implies that the EASM is also influenced by inland surface boundary conditions, which has important impacts on the occurrence of EASM precipitation. Therefore, microcodium δ18O from the Chinese loess–paleosol sequences can be regarded as a representative proxy of EASM precipitation in northern China and then a reliable proxy reflecting the variation of EASM intensity. 相似文献
19.
黄土高原第四纪粉尘沉积速率的时空变化及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文系统地计算了黄土高原洛川、西峰、宝鸡、西安刘家坡、兰州九洲台、西宁大墩岭黄土剖面的粉尘沉积速率,发现粉尘沉积速率除随冰期、间冰期具有明显波动外,还呈现时间上由老向新的阶段性升高,空间上由西北向东南降低的总体趋势。第四纪以来,黄土高原粉尘沉积速率出现了几次异常增高的时期,它们与青藏高原隆起时段相吻合。距今约70万年,该区冬季风出现重大调整,冬季风风力明显的逐步增强,风向偏转到NW方向。粉尘沉积速率可作为我国冬季风强弱变化的较好指标。 相似文献
20.
Chun Chang Huang Jiangli Pang Hongxia Su Shengli Li Benwei Ge 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(25-26):2633-2646
Chinese loess deposits are generally considered to be the product of dust storms and dust falls from the central Asia arid zones that were transported across China by the northwesterly continental monsoon. In contrast, the Zhengzhou Loess found southeast of the Loess Plateau, adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, records a different eolian regime and dust source. The Zhengzhou Loess was investigated by field observations, measurements of magnetic susceptibility, particle-size distribution, loss-on-ignition, CaCO3 and chemical contents. Both field observations and the laboratory results indicate that, during the last glacial, the Zhengzhou Loess was supplied by two different eolian regimes and dust sources, one was from the fresh flood deposits of the Yellow River driven by the northeast winds from the low-lying floodplain, and the other was from the dust storms and dust falls that traveled across the Loess Plateau driven by the northwesterly continental monsoon from the central Asian arid lands. The early Holocene, 11,500–8500 a BP, was a transition during the change in eolian regime and dust source because of the weakened northwesterly monsoon along with the global climatic amelioration. Following the retreat of the northwesterly monsoon from the onset of the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum at 8500 a BP, dust supply from the drifting sand zone on the Yellow River floodplain became dominant because of the intensified strength of the northeast winds from the Bohai Sea. From 3100 a BP onwards, climatic aridity and extensive human disturbance have resulted in intensive eolian processes causing the incursion of the drifting sand into the Zhengzhou Loess zone. These results show that loess accumulation is more complex than traditionally assumed. The origin of loess deposits elsewhere outside the Loess Plateau may be related to dust sources derived from alluvial sediments of major river systems. 相似文献