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1.
中大比例尺重力勘查工作是各种物探方法中对大地测量精度(尤其是高程精度)要求最高的一种。近年来,在青藏高原地区开展的矿产地质调查项目中越来越多地应用了重力勘查手段,但由于青藏高原地区特殊的自然地理及人文环境,基础测绘程度低,因此,一些在人口稠密、经济发达的内地开展工作时常用的成熟大地测量方法在青藏高原地区已不方便或出现了新的问题。本文通过对青藏高原地区近年来开展中大比例尺重力勘查时测量工作遇到的实际问题进行梳理研究,结合具有针对性地方法技术试验成果,总结了一套解决问题的方法,可作为今后青藏高原及类似困难地区开展中大比例尺重力勘测时的参考。 相似文献
2.
Multi-stage uplift of the Tibetan Plateau during the Cenozoic implies a complex geodynamic process.In this paper,we review main geodynamic models for the uplift of the plateau,and,in particular,analyze the spatio-temporal framework of the Cenozoic deformation structures,which are closely related to the deep geodynamic mechanism for the plateau uplift.From this perspective,significant change of the deformation regime over the Tibetan Plateau occurred by the middle-late Miocene,while thrust and thrust-folding system under NS compression was succeded by extension or stress-relaxation.Meanwhile,a series of large-scale strike-slip faults commenced or was kinemtically reversed.Based on a systematic synthesis of the structure deformation,magmatism,geomorphological process and geophysical exploration,we propose a periodical model of alternating crustal compression and extension for episodic uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
3.
NEOTECTONICS ALONG THE EASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU: INFERENCES FROM BEDROCK RIVER INCISION PATTERNS1 ChenZ,BurchfielBC ,LiuY ,etal.GPSmeasurementsfromeasternTibetandtheirimplicationsforIndia/Eurasiaintracon tinentaldeformation[J] .JournalofGeophysicalResearch ,2 0 0 0 (inpress) .
2 KingRW ,ShenF ,BurchfielBC ,etal.GeodeticmeasurementofcrustalmotioninsouthwestChina.Geology,1997,2 5,179～ 182 .
3 KirbyE ,WhippleKX ,Burchfie… 相似文献
4.
The most recent results of uplift rates determined by repeated precise levelling, are analyzed in terms of geodynamic processes still going on in the region of the Alpine-Mediterranean plate boundary. Special emphasis is focused on levelling nets in the Swiss Alps which have been remeasured for the second time. A comparison of these geodetic results with geophysical information, such as gravity anomalies and explosion seismic results, as well as seismicity, provides further evidence that these sets of data are interrelated with each other. An attempt is made to estimate the strain energy associated with the crustal deformation by introducing first-order stress-strain relationships. 相似文献
5.
经对青藏高原中东部1:100万区域重力资料的解释,编制了一批重力基础图和解释成果图.新划出嘉黎下地壳熔融区、拉萨下地壳隆起、乌兰乌拉-杂多古生代隆起带、唐古拉燕山期岩浆弧以及南冈底斯燕山-喜马拉雅期岩浆弧等构造单元;支持将班公错-怒江结合带作为冈瓦纳北界的认识;划出断裂逾百条、中酸性岩浆岩带多处,其中唐古拉岩浆岩带对羌塘盆地油气的储藏不利;冈底斯北部-可可西里中下地壳普遍存在熔融层;高原地壳存在着与重力均衡调整力相反的强大构造应力.这些认识对进一步研究青藏高原的地质构造、寻找与岩浆岩有关的多金属矿产等提供了依据. 相似文献
6.
青藏高原隆升机制新模式 总被引：25，自引：4，他引：21
作为创建大陆动力学理论体系的最佳野外实验室的青藏高原, 涉及当代固体地球科学前沿和热点的许多重大科学问题.迄今为止, 包括板块构造在内的众多模式不能合理地解释青藏高原重要的地质和地球物理现象.本文从下地壳与中上地壳、造山带与沉积盆地的耦合作用出发, 对青藏高原及邻区进行分尺度、分层块、分阶段的构造解析, 提出青藏高原隆升的下地壳层流构造模式, 认为青藏高原地壳增厚和构造隆升是晚新生代由于锡瓦利克盆地、塔里木盆地和四川盆地下地壳的热软化岩石大量流向青藏高原造成的. 相似文献
7.
关于重力勘查的高度改正应采用何种高程系统的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重力勘查的观测值必须进行正常场与高度改正,为此要测量重力测点的平面位置与高程,尤其对高程测量精度要求甚严。以前测地工作使用经纬仪、水准仪和测距仪等,高程系统按“规范”(1)采用大地水准面的“正高系统”.近来全球卫星定位系统(GPS)开始应用于重力勘查中,GPS测量的高程为WGS-84的“大地高系统”,这样需要把“大地高”换算到“正高”.这样做即要花费许多工作量,又会增加换算中产生的误差。本文通过对地球正常重力场理论公式的分析,认为可以采用GPS测量的大地高进行重力高度改正。 相似文献
8.
青藏高原东缘旋转变形机制的数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞作用下,青藏高原受到华南块体、鄂尔多斯块体等不同程度的阻挡,引起高原的整体隆升。青藏高原东南缘发生物质向南"逃逸",青藏高原东缘现今的地壳运动表现为围绕青藏高原东构造结发生顺时针的旋转。针对青藏高原东缘的旋转变形特征,基于以大型活动断裂为界的块体构造模型,利用粘弹性接触单元有限元模拟,分析了控制青藏高原东缘旋转变形的动力学环境,模拟的GPS速度与实测GPS速度能够较好的地吻合,构造应力场分布特征和活动断层的性质也能够较大程度地吻合,模拟过程采用的边界及其代表的动力学环境表明,青藏高原东缘整体受控于印度板块的持续碰撞和稳定的华南板块的阻挡,在下地壳的拖曳和重力作用下,青藏高原物质从南部边界"逃逸"。在"逃逸"过程中,受印度板块斜向俯冲作用的影响,沿实皆断裂缅甸板块对巽他板块的剪切拉升作用是形成围绕喜马拉雅东构造结的旋转运动和地壳变形的重要因素,也是青藏高原东南缘旋转活动构造体系的主要影响因素之一。 相似文献
9.
V. S. Burtman 《Geotectonics》2012,46(3):185-211
The tectonic and geodynamic consequences of the collision between Hindustan and Eurasia are considered in the paper. The tectonic evolution and deformation of Tibet and the Tien Shan in the Late Cenozoic is described on the basis of geological, geophysical, and geodetic data. The factual data and their interpretation, which shed light on the kinematics of the tectonic processes in the lithosphere and the geodynamics of the interaction between the Tien Shan, Tarim, and Tibet are discussed. A geodynamic model of their interaction is proposed. 相似文献
10.
在回顾现代大地测量和我国大地测量工作历史的基础上,对90年代我国大地测量任务,其中包括国家二期一等水准复测;国家GPS网布设;重力场参数精化;GPS卫星追踪站建立;沿海地区陆海相对垂直位移研究和青藏地区壳形变监测等理论和实践工作,作了论述。 相似文献
11.
Minimal and maximal models of Late Pleistocene Glaciation on the Tibetan Plateau are considered. The large ice sheet models indicate that disintegration of the ice sheet could have contributed up to 7 mm/yr of present vertical uplift and 2 mm/yr of horizontal extension. The former value can account for more than 50% of the observed uplift in central Tibet. The peak free-air gravity anomaly arising from the deglaciation would be around −5.4 mGal. In contrast, the smaller ice sheet models do not contribute significantly to the signals of present uplift and gravity anomalies. Modern geodetic measurements therefore have the potential to constrain the Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Tibetan Plateau. Assuming a large ice sheet over the Tibetan Plateau, the disintegration can contribute up to 6 m of eustatic sea-level rise. 相似文献
12.
长江中下游成矿带及典型矿集区深部结构探测——SinoProbe-03年度进展综述 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
大陆现今的地壳结构和物质组成是地壳经历了复杂的动力学演化过程形成的"产品",保留着演化过程中重大地质事件留下的痕迹,使用现代地球物理探测技术对这个"产品"进行成像,不仅可以了解现今的构造和物质状态,还可以推演过去曾经发生的动力学过程.长江中下游成矿带是我国重要的铁、铜多金属资源基地,其形成的深部动力学过程一直是矿床学家... 相似文献
13.
根据不同地幔粘滞度的冰川均衡调整(glacial isostatic adjustment, GIA)模型, 研究了地球内部各个圈层对GIA粘性重力扰动速率的贡献, 检验了粘性重力扰动速率与径向位移速率的近似关系及其是否独立于地幔粘滞度, 同时利用绝对重力和GPS(global positioning system)径向位移数据从实测角度对Wahr的近似关系进行比较和验证.结果表明: 岩石圈对GIA重力扰动速率和大地水准面异常速率的贡献都超过了86%, 而岩石圈以下5个圈层的总贡献不大于14%;利用近似关系, 由重力信号转换的径向位移速率与有限元模拟的结果相对差异大约为15%, 且相对差异的大小不依赖于地幔粘滞度的变化; 根据北美绝对重力和GPS径向位移数据得到实测的粘性重力-径向位移比值为0.141±0.014 μGal/mm, 与Wahr的理论值(0.154 μGal/mm)非常接近, 相对差异仅为9.2%.因此, 定量给出了粘性重力-径向位移近似关系的不确定性为9.2%~15.0%, 为利用此近似关系分离GIA和现今地表质量变化粘弹信号的不确定性估计提供了重要参考. 相似文献
14.
青藏高原地壳上地幔形成与演化的地球物理研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
近年来,我国在青藏高原取得了大量地球物理资料,1980-1982年中法合作又在西藏得到丰富的深部地球物理资料.青藏高原是一个整体.它的构造活动可以分为南、北、中三个带.中部是整体隆升,且已达到均衡.南北两缘受到强烈挤压、叠覆,是差异隆升,但未达到均衡.它的构造作用形式,可以分为上、中、下三层.上层(上地壳)以叠覆为主,中层(下地壳)以挤压为主,下层(异常地幔)以隆升为主.在上下地壳之间有一壳内低速低阻层,是一个主要的滑曳面.它的地质历史发展可以分为两个阶段.印度板块与西藏板块未碰撞前,异常地幔使高原缓慢隆升.在碰撞后,地壳加厚,重力均衡使高原快速隆升. 相似文献
15.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2011,59(5):721-733
Establishment of a geodetic network in Tenerife is the starting point for the use of GPS and other precise geodetic techniques in the support of the study of kinematics and their relation with island volcanic activity. This paper is focused on the characterization of volcanotectonic activity of Tenerife, to determine the geodynamic framework for volcanic surveillance.TEGETEIDE network, set up in 2005 and re-observed each year, is composed of seven GNSS–GPS stations scattered throughout the island. A horizontal deformation model is presented in order to explain the observed island displacement pattern in the geodynamic context of the Nubian plate.According to the models obtained, the most important geologic structures, such as the volcanic rifts and the caldera, determine the current deformation pattern of Tenerife. The geodynamics of the most stable areas of the island behave similarly to that observed from the permanent GNSS–GPS reference stations located in La Palma and Gran Canaria Islands.Anomalous geodynamic behaviour has been detected in two zones of Tenerife, which configure an NW–SE axis crossing the central sector of the island, related with the volcanotectonic activity of the island and its surroundings. 相似文献
16.
青藏高原南部晚新生代板内造山与动力成矿 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
青藏高原晚新生代构造隆升是板块碰撞成因还是板内造山过程 ,关系到高原形成机制、演化过程以及岩石圈动力学与大陆动力学的关系等一系列重大科学问题。近年来在冈底斯发现多个以斑岩铜矿为主的大型和超大型矿床 ,其成矿时代为 2 0～ 12Ma ,与青藏高原构造隆升时代一致 ,也与笔者10年前以大陆动力学和成矿动力学为理论指导的预测结果吻合。青藏高原南部晚新生代大量的地质、地球物理、矿床等方面的证据根本不支持碰撞造山理论 ,如青藏高原内部伸展边缘逆冲、碰撞与隆升之间时差明显 ,壳内低速层和低阻层发育 ,造山与成盆关系密切 ,板内隆升环境下发生大规模构造变形、岩浆活动和动力成矿等。青藏高原南部晚新生代构造隆升作用是在新特提斯开合转换、碰撞造陆之后 ,在下地壳层流作用的驱动下 ,发生板内造山、地壳增厚、热隆伸展和改造成矿的构造成矿过程 ,大规模的板内金属成矿在 3～ 4Ma以来的均衡隆升、成山过程中进一步改造。 相似文献
17.
Nowadays, Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) are used as a routine stage in the procedures to compute a gravimetric geoid.
The GGMs based geoidal height also can be used for GPS/levelling and navigation purposes in developing countries which do
not have accurate gravimetric geoid models. Also, the GGM based gravity anomaly including the digital elevation model can
be used in evaluation and outlier detections schemes of the ground gravity anomaly data. Further, the deflection of vertical
and gravity gradients components from the GGMs can be used for different geodetic and geophysical interpretation purposes.
However, still a complete and user-friendly software package is not available for universities and geosciences communities.
In this article, first we review the procedure for determination of the basic gravity field and gradient components from the
GGMs, then general MATLAB based software is presented and applied as a sample case study for determination of gravity components
based on the most recent EIGEN-GL04C GRACE model in Sweden.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
18.
为研究青藏高原的地下地质结构和断裂,陕西省地质调查院于2003年～2006年在定日—木孜塔格峰区进行了1∶100万区域重力调查。作者等对获得的重力资料进行了处理和分析,结合地质及其他地球物理资料,将该区布格重力场分成七个区域,描述了其主要特征并分析了其地质意义。进行了定日—木孜塔格峰剖面的重力曲线拟合计算及地质解释,获得了该区地壳结构的定量模型。识别出30条断裂,对它们进行了分类,对其中的重要断裂进行了详细解释。结果表明:重力场分区特征与地质构造分区特征对应得较好;高原边缘及内部各块体间重要的边界断裂都在重力场上有明显的显示;断裂按走向分为近东西向、北东向、近南北向等3组,其中近东西向断裂为主干断裂。 相似文献
19.
We present relative sea level （RSL） curves in Antarctica derived from glacial isostatic adjustment （GIA）predictions based on the melting scenarios of the Antarctic ice sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum （LGM）given in previous works.Simultaneously,Holocene-age RSL observations obtained at the raised beaches along the coast of Antarctica are shown to be in agreement with the GIA predictions.The differences from previously published ice-loading models regarding the spatial distribution and total mass change of the melted ice are significant.These models were also derived from GIA modelling; the variations can be attributed to the lack of geological and geographical evidence regarding the history of crustal movement due to ice sheet evolution.Next,we summarise the previously published ice load models and demonstrate the RSL curves based on combinations of different ice and earth models.The RSL curves calculated by GIA models indicate that the model dependence of both the ice and earth models is significantly large at several sites where RSL observations were obtained.In particular,GIA predictions based on the thin lithospheric thickness show the spatial distributions that are dependent on the melted ice thickness at each sites.These characteristics result from the short-wavelength deformation of the Earth.However,our predictions strongly suggest that it is possible to find the average ice model despite the use of the different models of lithospheric thickness.By sea level and crustal movement observations,we can deduce the geometry of the post-LGM ice sheets in detail and remove the GIA contribution from the crustal deformation and gravity change observed by space geodetic techniques,such as GPS and GRACE,for the estimation of the Antarctic ice mass change associated with recent global warming. 相似文献
20.
Marco Anzidei 《地学学报》1994,6(1):82-89
The Nepal region, between the Ganges plain and the Tibetan Plateau, shows the great effects of the orogenetic deformation which started between 40 and 55 Ma, following the collision between the Indian and Asiatic continental plates. Today the Himalayan chain and the Tibetan plateau are some of the best manifestations of the collision process.
Data from a geodetic network in Eastern Nepal were employed to study the motion of the crust in this recently evolved area. The data were collected by means of the Global Positioning System; this geodetic space technique can achieve a centimetric resolution in coordinate definition and baseline computation for observation sites, even those located at long distances away and it provides a powerful new tool for the comprehension of the dynamics of active tectonic regions. 相似文献
Data from a geodetic network in Eastern Nepal were employed to study the motion of the crust in this recently evolved area. The data were collected by means of the Global Positioning System; this geodetic space technique can achieve a centimetric resolution in coordinate definition and baseline computation for observation sites, even those located at long distances away and it provides a powerful new tool for the comprehension of the dynamics of active tectonic regions. 相似文献