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为研究煤层气在排采过程中不同煤阶煤储层渗透率动态变化规律,利用煤岩三轴应力应变（基质收缩膨胀）测试系统,对褐煤、气煤和无烟煤样开展了有效应力与基质收缩双重效应物理模拟实验。固定轴压和围压不变,改变气体平衡压力,模拟开发过程中储层压力变化特征,测试其动态渗透率。利用实验结果,分析了不同煤阶煤岩在排采过程中动态渗透率反弹特征,并对比分析煤岩动态渗透率改善效果的差异性。研究表明：气体平衡压力从5 MPa降至1 MPa过程中,在有效应力和基质收缩双重效应作用下,褐煤样的归一化渗透率依次为1. 00、0. 60、0. 57、0. 57、0. 52,气煤样依次为1.00、0. 64、0. 50、0. 54和0. 55,无烟煤样依次为1.00、0. 74、0. 58、0. 50和0. 56。随气体平衡压力下降,中阶及高阶煤样动态渗透率先下降后上升,整体呈不对称“V”型变化规律,但拐点略有不同;低阶煤样动态渗透率呈先下降后基本稳定的趋势,整体呈斜“L”型变化规律。在有效应力和基质收缩双重效应影响下,中阶及高阶煤样动态渗透率改善效果优于低阶煤样。 相似文献
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为准确预测低阶煤动态渗透率变化规律,在煤岩立方体模型基础上,考虑基质孔隙和滑脱效应对渗透率的影响,建立低阶煤动态渗透率预测新模型,并对影响绝对渗透率和滑脱系数的因素进行敏感性分析,讨论了甲烷和氮气对基质收缩与滑脱效应的影响。研究表明：基于“火柴棍”假设建立的模型是新模型不考虑基质孔隙时的一个特例,P-M、S-D模型与新模型相比基质收缩作用更加明显,考虑基质收缩与滑脱效应的新模型更具实用性。气体郎格缪尔应变是影响基质收缩的关键,煤岩绝对渗透率能否反弹是割理压缩、基质孔隙膨胀、基质弹性形变和基质收缩4个因素共同作用的结果。相同条件下,甲烷的基质收缩强于氮气,氮气的滑脱效应强于甲烷,影响滑脱系数的因素包括内因和外因,滑脱系数与割理宽度随孔隙压力变化时呈现相反规律。滑脱效应和基质收缩效应共同提升气测渗透率,煤岩孔隙压力越低,二者对渗透率的提升作用越明显。 相似文献
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《中国煤炭地质》2015,(5)
鸡西盆地煤炭资源丰富,其南部的梨树镇坳陷城子河组厚度大,含煤性好,是煤层气勘探开发的重点区域。为了解该区煤岩物理力学特性,选取城子河组23#煤层岩样进行实验研究。通过测定岩样的泊松比、弹性模量、内聚力以及内摩擦角等力学参数,确定该层煤岩具有低弹性模量、高泊松比和大脆性的特性。分析煤岩物性参数得出:随着应力增加,煤岩渗透率呈指数下降,不利于煤层气的开采,而温度对煤岩渗透率影响较小;煤岩的孔隙度主要集中在3.6%~6.1%,平均约4.98%,程度偏低,中孔和小孔比较发育;低阶煤和中阶煤煤样的排驱压力相差较大,中阶煤煤样压力值较小,渗透性好;结合中值半径和退汞效率的实验数据,显示该区煤储层的渗透性整体较差。 相似文献
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煤层气排采过程中煤储层孔隙度和渗透率的动态变化,是煤层气开发地质研究的热点之一。本文利用晋城无烟煤样,分析了三轴应力条件下煤岩的应力-应变效应,讨论了煤样渗透率的动态变化规律。结果表明,围限压力条件下,煤岩吸附甲烷后其抗压强度明显增大;煤样最大径向吸附应变与孔隙压力的关系,可用朗格缪尔方程形式予以描述;煤岩渗透性与有效应力、煤岩吸附膨胀量均呈负指数关系,说明两者对煤岩渗透性影响的实质相同,即煤岩孔隙、裂隙受到应力作用逐渐减小或闭合。同时,在较低孔隙压力条件下,需考虑克林伯格效应对煤层渗透性的影响。经检验,S-D模型能够较为客观地预测煤岩渗透性动态变化规律。 相似文献
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以沁水盆地成庄矿煤样为研究对象,利用实验室自主研发的CO2注入与煤层气强化开采实验模拟装置进行不同有效应力和CO2吸附压力下的煤岩渗透率测试。实验结果表明,煤岩的裂隙压缩系数受到CO2吸附的影响,初始状态下、亚临界CO2吸附和超临界CO2吸附煤样裂隙压缩系数分别为0.066、0.086和0.089。引起裂隙压缩系数改变的原因主要有两方面:CO2和煤中矿物反应提高了煤基质的不连续性;CO2软化了煤基质同时降低了煤岩的力学性质。利用考虑吸附应变以及内部膨胀系数的渗透率模型对实测渗透率进行拟合,发现有效应力和内部膨胀系数成正比。CO2吸附压力和有效应力的增大均提高了煤岩的内部膨胀系数,这影响了煤岩孔裂隙的开度,降低了煤储层的渗透率,并最终降低CO2在煤储层中的可注性。 相似文献
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煤储层应力敏感降低储层渗透率,进而影响煤层气井产能,如何降低排采中的应力敏感性影响值得深入研究。为了弄清不同煤阶煤储层的应力敏感性特征及差异性,分别采集樊庄高煤阶煤、保德中煤阶煤和二连低煤阶褐煤的样品,系统开展加载和卸载过程中不同煤阶煤的应力敏感性实验,并对应力敏感的产生机理进行分析。结果表明,随煤阶的升高,煤样的应力敏感性逐渐增强,含明显裂缝的样品敏感性更强。加载有效应力10 MPa条件下,相比初始渗透率,二连低煤阶褐煤样品渗透率下降79.26%,卸载后不可逆渗透率损害率平均33.4%;保德中煤阶煤样渗透率下降79.4%,卸载后不可逆渗透率损害率平均51.4%;樊庄高煤阶煤样加载后渗透率下降92.33%,卸载后渗透率只能恢复30%左右。产生这种差异的机理主要是由于不同煤阶煤的物质组成、孔裂隙结构以及渗流通道不同造成的。低煤阶煤变质程度低,主要发育大、中孔隙,割理–裂隙不发育,为基质孔隙–喉道渗流,渗透率主要受连通喉道控制,应力加载时主要是大、中孔压缩变形严重,而尺度较小的喉道受压缩变形小,因而其应力敏感性相对弱;而高煤阶煤孔隙以微、小孔为主,镜质组含量高,割理–裂隙发育,控制其渗透性,应力加载时微、小孔难以被压缩,而裂隙抗变形能力弱,易发生韧性变形破坏或闭合,卸载后也难以恢复,表现出强应力敏感特征。考虑到高煤阶煤储层埋深更大、应力更高,因此其应力敏感性对产能伤害大,排采初期宜以较小强度进行,降低不可逆渗透率伤害,扩大压降范围;而低煤阶煤储层本身应力低、渗透率较高,应力敏感对产能影响相对较小,排水期可适当加快速度,提高排水效率。 相似文献
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开发过程中因受应力压实效应和基质解吸收缩效应的共同影响,导致煤储层渗透率发生复杂的变化。目前,已有诸多学者建立一系列的煤储层渗透率动态模型。然而,对欠饱和煤层气藏开发过程中的不同生产阶段,何种效应对煤储层渗透率起主导作用仍未达成共识。本研究在总结已有的渗透率变化模型的基础上,分析欠饱和煤层气藏开发过程中的降压解吸特征、有效应力效应、基质收缩效应和克林肯伯格效应,并对现有的渗透率模型进行改进与对比分析,以达到定量分析欠饱和煤层气藏储层渗透率变化规律的目的,最后通过鄂尔多斯东南缘韩城煤层气田实例分析煤储层渗透率动态变化特征及其主控因素。结果表明欠饱和煤层气藏开发过程中渗透率动态变化特征可以临界解吸压力划分为两个阶段,前一阶段仅为有效应力效应作用阶段,后一阶段则受有效应力效应、基质收缩效应和克林肯伯格效应影响,且后两种效应随着储层压力的降低而进一步显现。对比分析显示SD改进模型在描述欠饱和煤层气藏渗透率动态变化上优于PM改进模型。因此,借助SD改进模型对韩城煤层气井进行实例计算,分析结果显示煤储层渗透率改善效果依次为3#>11#>5#,区内煤储层渗透率改善效果取决于含气饱和度,而渗透率应力伤害受控于地解压差。 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2015,(12):3439-3446
气体运移引起煤体变形是研究煤层气抽采、预防瓦斯突出与温室气体的地质封存的核心问题。一般认为,有效应力变化是控制岩土类材料骨架变形的关键因素。但大量测试结果表明,煤的渗透率与有效应力(或者孔隙压力)表现出非线性关系。为此,应实时观测在静孔隙压力与三轴应力状态下氦气流动导致原煤变形演化全过程。在静孔隙压力状态下煤体积经历从收缩到回弹过程。注气压力越大,煤的收缩与回弹量越大,且收缩量总是大于回弹量。在三轴应力状态下注气初期煤样迅速膨胀。随着注气达到平衡状态,煤变形过程与约束条件表现出紧密相关性,即在应力约束下煤的膨胀率相比注气初期明显减缓;在位移约束下煤由膨胀转向收缩。上述试验结果表明,仅有孔隙压力作用下,煤基质与裂隙之间孔隙压力差可以压缩煤体,随着气体扩散的进行,可恢复煤的部分压缩变形量。在三轴应力状态下,煤的总体变形是裂隙与基质两者变形共同作用的结果。在应力约束下煤基质与裂隙可以自由膨胀。而煤体在位移约束下,因气体扩散导致煤基质膨胀只能挤压裂隙。根据上述实测结果探讨注气导致煤骨架变形演化机制,为深入理解煤裂隙与基质相互作用对煤渗透率演化提供试验依据。 相似文献
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开展原煤在热-力作用下煤热膨胀与吸附瓦斯解吸研究对于深入理解深部煤岩失稳破坏机制有重要意义。通过对四川白皎矿和徐州张双楼矿的原煤施加不同温度-应力条件,获取煤的热变形、解吸气体运移以及煤的力学性质的热响应。试验结果表明:白皎煤在低于35℃条件下表现为膨胀变形;在高于35℃恒温环境下,煤体变形表现为先膨胀后收缩趋势。张双楼煤在低于60℃条件下表现为先膨胀后会出现收缩;在高于60℃恒温环境下,煤样趋向整体膨胀。其结果说明,煤岩在热环境中的变形行为取决于煤基质的热膨胀与解吸收缩之间的竞争结果。煤吸热升温后孔隙中解吸气体数量增多,煤样在受载压缩变形过程中显现出复杂解吸气体排放特征,包括煤中原生孔隙裂隙压缩闭合排出气体,煤体内不均匀变形导致气体流动,煤体开裂导致气体回流。力学测试结果表明,煤样的单轴抗压强度以及弹性模量随着环境温度上升均表现出下降趋势。其结果为深入理解深部煤层在热-力耦合下渗透率与强度变化机制提供试验依据。 相似文献
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毛管压力是影响煤层气赋存和开发的重要参数,为建立能够有效表征高阶煤煤岩毛管压力曲线的数学模型,以高阶煤为研究对象,开展了高压压汞实验,系统评价了目前常用的典型毛管压力曲线数学模型的适应性,建立拟合程度更高的数学模型。结果表明,6块高阶煤煤样毛管压力曲线基本没有中间平缓段,整体表现为向左上方凸出的形态,与常规砂岩、低阶煤差异明显;BC模型、贺承祖模型和Li模型均不能很好地拟合高阶煤的毛管压力曲线;建立的新毛管压力曲线数学模型,能够很好地拟合高煤阶煤样毛管压力实验数据,拟合程度达到97%以上;在双对数坐标中,毛管压力和最小毛管压力的对数差与进汞饱和度与最小毛管压力的对数差呈线性关系,可利用该线性关系直接求取毛管压力模型的斜率a和幂指数b,求解步骤较为简单;在其他条件相同时,毛管压力与斜率a和幂指数b均成反比。 相似文献
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Health impacts of coal and coal use: possible solutions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Robert B. Finkelman William Orem Vincent Castranova Calin A. Tatu Harvey E. Belkin Baoshan Zheng Harry E. Lerch Susan V. Maharaj Anne L. Bates 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2002,50(1-4)
Coal will be a dominant energy source in both developed and developing countries for at least the first half of the 21st century. Environmental problems associated with coal, before mining, during mining, in storage, during combustion, and postcombustion waste products are well known and are being addressed by ongoing research. The connection between potential environmental problems with human health is a fairly new field and requires the cooperation of both the geoscience and medical disciplines. Three research programs that illustrate this collaboration are described and used to present a range of human health problems that are potentially caused by coal. Domestic combustion of coal in China has, in some cases, severely affected human health. Both on a local and regional scale, human health has been adversely affected by coals containing arsenic, fluorine, selenium, and possibly, mercury. Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), an irreversible kidney disease of unknown origin, has been related to the proximity of Pliocene lignite deposits. The working hypothesis is that groundwater is leaching toxic organic compounds as it passes through the lignites and that these organics are then ingested by the local population contributing to this health problem. Human disease associated with coal mining mainly results from inhalation of particulate matter during the mining process. The disease is Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis characterized by coal dust-induced lesions in the gas exchange regions of the lung; the coal worker's “black lung disease”. 相似文献
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Three sets of pyrolysis experiments were performed on extracted coal (Ro% 0.39), coal (initial bitumen 13.5 mg/g coal) and bitumen enriched coal (total bitumen 80.9 mg/g coal) at two heating rates of 2 °C/h and 20 °C/h in confined systems (gold capsules). For all three experiments, the yields of bitumen, Σn-C8+, aromatic components and ΣC2–5 at first increase and then decrease with increasing EASY%Ro and reach the highest values within the EASY%Ro ranges of 0.67–1.08, 1.07–1.19, 1.46–1.79 and 1.46–1.68, respectively. In contrast, C1/ΣC1–5 ratio at first decreases and then increases with EASY%Ro and reaches a minimum value in EASY%Ro range of 0.86–1.08, closely corresponding to the maximum values of the yields of bitumen and Σn-C8+. Methane yields increase consistently with EASY%Ro. Nearly half of the maximum yield of methane from kerogen was generated at EASY%Ro > 2.2. The differences in methane yields among the three experiments at the same thermal stress are relatively minor at EASY%Ro < 2.2, but are greater with thermal stress at EASY%Ro > 2.2. This demonstrates that the kerogen always retained relatively more hydrogen and hydrocarbon generative potential at the postmature stage of bitumen rich coal than the extracted coal or coal.The maximum yield of ethane is 20–25% higher in the bitumen rich coal experiment than the extracted coal or coal, while the maximum yields of C3, C4 and C5 in the former are double to triple those in the latter. This result demonstrates that the added bitumen in bitumen rich coal substantially increased the generation of these wet gases. However, the averaged values of activation energies (with the same frequency factors) for both the generation and cracking of individual wet gases are similar and do not show consistent trends among the three experiments. For all three experiments, activation energies for the generation and cracking of wet gases are significantly lower than those in previously published oil pyrolysis experiments with same frequency factors (Pan et al., 2012; Organic Geochemistry 45, 29–47). Methane δ13C values at the maximum temperature or EASY%Ro are close to those of initial wet gases, especially C3, implying that the major part of methane shared a common initial precursor with wet gases, i.e., free and bound liquid alkanes. 相似文献
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This study investigates the flow and caving characteristics of top coal and roof rock, as well as top coal loss pattern in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. The two dimensional discrete element numerical simulation software program, particle flow code (PFC), is used for the simulation of top coal caving and the inversion analysis. The original locations, distribution, and migration pattern of caved top coal and lost coal were obtained. The analysis shows that in the initial site of caving, the caved bodies are in the form of arc shaped strips in front of the working face. During the caving, caved bodies of different heights move towards the lower rear of the face at different speeds. The lost coal and caved roof rock are originally located at the interface between coal seam and roof, the lost coal is mainly distributed in the goaf on the floor. Behind the support, the caved top coal bodies originally are arc shaped strips, with the highest points located at the midline of the caving opening. The strips are more curved near the goaf than those near the support. During top coal caving, the strips successively cave, with the adjacent outer strip replacing the caved one. The variations of top coal loss and waste rock ratio with time reflect the different phases of top coal caving. In order to improve coal recovery and limit the amount of caved roof rock, the waste rock ratio should be controlled below 10 %. When the waste rock ratio reaches this value, the caving opening should be closed. This paper provides theoretical bases for the improvement of top coal recovery in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. 相似文献
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江苏省煤炭资源利用及找煤前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了苏南、徐州、丰沛煤田的煤炭资源利用现状和开发前景。对煤田预测成果进行了分析，评述、提出中大科技找煤力度，有希望取得较好的成果。 相似文献
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赤城煤田侏罗系中统延安组中赋存丰富的煤炭资源。研究该区地质构造及其控煤作用,对今后的煤炭资源勘查有一定的指导意义。本区煤系及煤层的分布规律受基底构造、同沉积构造及后期构造活动的改造等综合作用的控制,受其影响,该区煤系及煤层以NW-SE向的条带状分布于梁龙背斜两翼和赤城向斜的次级凹陷内,分布范围和埋藏深度受断层、褶皱等次级构造的控制,使煤系和煤层大致呈北部浅、南部深、东部浅、西部深的特点。因此,梁龙背斜的两翼和赤城向斜的次级凹陷是今后找煤的重点区域。 相似文献