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John F. Paul Jane L. Copeland Michael Charpentier Peter V. August Jeffrey W. Hollister 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):63-72
Geographic information systems (GIS) tools are now considered integral in estuarine monitoring and assessment research. A synopsis is presented of our estuarine applications of GIS in the Northeast region of the U.S. The applications discussed cover sample site selection, support for field sampling activities, quality assurance of data, spatial display of geographic referenced information, quantitative spatial analysis of data, and communication of results. 相似文献
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Spatiotemporal information is currently among the most significant data used in Geographical Information Systems (GIS), especially for modeling dynamic coastal areas. As the design of the data model is the most fundamental issue for representing spatiotemporal data, this article focuses on the basic solution of how to represent spatial, attribute, and temporal information in an integrated form. By presenting a data model on relational databases, together with an object-oriented model for system development, it is expected to provide both theoretic and technical support to the spatial and temporal analyses in GISs for various applications. 相似文献
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地理信息系统在海岸海洋地貌研究中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
随着现代海洋观测技术的发展,通过海岸海洋地貌调查获得的数据急剧增长。运用地理信息系统(GIS)将不同学科、不同来源、不同格式的数据进行集成管理、分析和表达已成为当前海岸海洋地貌研究的重点。系统介绍了GIS技术在海岸海洋地貌研究中新的方法体系,包括数据获取、数据处理、数据分析和数据表达四个部分,重点研究了GIS空间技术、海底地形建模和用三维可视化技术解译海洋地学,探索陆海交互作用中隐含信息的方法,并将其应用到沿海城市规划、海港选址、大陆架岛礁地貌环境研究的具体实例中,研究范围从陆到海涵盖整个海陆交互作用带,为海岸海洋社会发展、经济建设及外交权益提供科学基础和决策支持。通过上述方法体系与应用研究说明,以GIS为核心建立的多源地理空间信息平台使传统海岸海洋地貌研究的范围、内容及方法都发生了重大变化,但多源数据信息的精确解译和成功应用必须同时具有空间信息学和地貌学专家知识。 相似文献
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地理信息系统是一门空间数据管理科学和智能化高新技术,它是由地理学、地图学、计算机科学、遥感技术、数学等相互作用相互交叉而形成的,有向数据自动化处理研究、数据结构研究、空间关系理论研究、人工智能和专家系统研究发展的趋势。在海洋地质中,地理信息系统目前主要应用于海底地形地貌模拟、海洋地质资料科学管理与共享、海洋地质资料处理等。随着全球尺度海洋学研究的进一步开展及海洋地理信息系统的产生,地理信息系统在海洋地质中的应用前景良好。 相似文献
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Constructing a raster-based spatio-temporal hierarchical data model for marine fisheries application
1 Introduction The GIS has shown great success for terrestrial ap- plicationsin the last decades, but its use in marine fields has been far more restricted. One of the main reasons is that most of the GIS systems or their data models are designed for land… 相似文献
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A. George Mourad 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(4):293-313
Abstract Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been developed during the last decade. Their land‐based applications range from land information management, urban planning, and environmental research to engineering design and management in the utility and oil industries, geological subsurface analysis, and others. However, applications of GIS in the marine environment are still in the initial stages. This may be due to, among other things, the large marine data sets, the demands of 3D data processing, and the difficulty of ocean data acquisition. This article presents the result of the development of an integrated Marine Geographic Information System (MGIS) for the exploration and development of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the U.S. Pacific Islands region by the Pacific Mapping Center, University of Hawaii. Features such as spatial marine data processing, integration of GIS and mapping systems, 3D data structures, and simulation and animation of marine operations are developed and applied in this system. Since MGIS applications in EEZ are related to many disciplines in marine sciences and engineering, an operational MGIS should be an integrated system in which both basic GIS and marine application systems are combined into a single geo‐referenced system, In addition to other applications, this MGIS has been used: (1) to select a potential deep‐water research site off the island of Hawaii for the State of Hawaii Department of Business, Economic, and Development (DBED); (2) to generate a three‐dimensional database and use it for the navigation and simulation of underwater operations of an underwater research vehicle; and (3) to produce two 2° × 2° mosaic sheets of sonar images, which meet the USGS standard for a sonar image atlas. 相似文献
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球体模型系统是目前GIS领域的研究热点,它以强大的空间数据管理能力,丰富直观的信息表现能力迅速成为空间信息集成共享的有力平台.以Skyline软件平台为基础,介绍了数字海洋可视化系统的体系架构、功能设计和技术实现方法.实践应用表明,该系统在多源海洋信息可视化集成共享方面具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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This article evaluates different spatial interpolation methods for mapping submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida. Data used for interpolation were collected by the Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Early Warning System (SAVEWS). The system consists of hydro-acoustic equipment, which operates from a slow-moving boat and records bottom depth, seagrass height, and seagrass density. This information is coupled with geographic location coordinates from a Global Positioning System (GPS) and stored together in digital files, representing SAV status at points along transect lines. Adequate spatial interpolation is needed to present the SAV information, including density, height, and water depth, as spatially continuous data for mapping and for comparison between seasons and years. Interpolation methods examined in this study include ordinary kriging with five different semivariance models combined with a variable number of neighboring points, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method with different parameters, and the triangulated irregular network (TIN) method with linear and quintic options. Interpolation results were compared with survey data at selected calibration transects to examine the suitability of different interpolation methods. Suitability was quantified by the determination coefficient (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between interpolated and observed values. The most suitable interpolation method was identified as the one yielding the highest R2 value and/or the lowest RMSE value. For different geographic conditions, seasons, and SAV parameters, different interpolation methods were recommended. This study identified that kriging was more suitable than the IDW or TIN method for spatial interpolation of all SAV parameters measured. It also suggested that transect data with irregular spatial distribution patterns such as SAV parameters are sensitive to interpolation methods. An inappropriate interpolation method such as TIN can lead to erroneous spatial representation of the SAV status. With a functional geographic system and adequate computing power, the evaluation and selection of interpolation methods can be automated and quantitative, leading to a more efficient and accurate decision. 相似文献
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GIS在港口规划建设管理中的应用模型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
GIS(GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM)又名空间地理信息系统,与空间位置有关的领域都是GIS的重要应用领域。GIS应用于港口规划建设与土地管理,通过GIS的开发应用,逐步实现相应管理工作的自动化和图形管理,规范业务工作流程,为电子口岸的建设提供物理空问的数据平台。基于对于港口规划建设管理需求的理解,结合GIS在国内外港口应用的现状和发展趋势,探讨了港口规划建设管理系统的框架模型和不同层次的开发建议。同时对于作为规划建设管理的基础平台的港口GIS信息数据平台及其结构框架也进行了讨论。 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2015
This paper presents the Biogeographic Assessment Framework (BAF), a decision support process for marine spatial planning (MSP), developed through two decades of close collaborations between scientists and marine managers. Spatial planning is a considerable challenge for marine stewardship agencies because of the need to synthesize information on complex socio-ecological patterns across geographically broad spatial scales. This challenge is compounded by relatively short time-frames for implementation and limited financial and technological resources. To address this pragmatically, BAF provides a rapid, flexible and multi-disciplinary approach to integrate geospatial information into formats and visualization tools readily useable for spatial planning. Central to BAF is four sequential components: (1) Planning; (2) Data Evaluation; (3) Ecosystem Characterization; and (4) Management Applications. The framework has been applied to support the development of several marine spatial plans in the United States and Territories. This paper describes the structure of the BAF framework and the associated analytical techniques. Two management applications are provided to demonstrate the utility of BAF in supporting decision making in MSP. 相似文献
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This article evaluates different spatial interpolation methods for mapping submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida. Data used for interpolation were collected by the Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Early Warning System (SAVEWS). The system consists of hydro-acoustic equipment, which operates from a slow-moving boat and records bottom depth, seagrass height, and seagrass density. This information is coupled with geographic location coordinates from a Global Positioning System (GPS) and stored together in digital files, representing SAV status at points along transect lines. Adequate spatial interpolation is needed to present the SAV information, including density, height, and water depth, as spatially continuous data for mapping and for comparison between seasons and years. Interpolation methods examined in this study include ordinary kriging with five different semivariance models combined with a variable number of neighboring points, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method with different parameters, and the triangulated irregular network (TIN) method with linear and quintic options. Interpolation results were compared with survey data at selected calibration transects to examine the suitability of different interpolation methods. Suitability was quantified by the determination coefficient (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between interpolated and observed values. The most suitable interpolation method was identified as the one yielding the highest R2 value and/or the lowest RMSE value. For different geographic conditions, seasons, and SAV parameters, different interpolation methods were recommended. This study identified that kriging was more suitable than the IDW or TIN method for spatial interpolation of all SAV parameters measured. It also suggested that transect data with irregular spatial distribution patterns such as SAV parameters are sensitive to interpolation methods. An inappropriate interpolation method such as TIN can lead to erroneous spatial representation of the SAV status. With a functional geographic system and adequate computing power, the evaluation and selection of interpolation methods can be automated and quantitative, leading to a more efficient and accurate decision. 相似文献
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海域使用时空数据管理模式研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
随着时间的推移和对海域开发利用的变化以及对海域开发利用程度的提高,海域使用时空数据的动态管理将成为海域使用管理的重要内容。论文通过对海域使用数据的分析,提出了海域使用时空数据管理的模式,在原有海域使用信息的基础上增加时间信息和水深信息的管理,将海域使用数据的空间分类体系和相互影响关系与时空数据的动态管理有机的结合在一起。在空间层次上对海域使用进行重新的归类和补充,建立海域使用空间相互影响关系表,分析了海域使用时空数据的组成,设计了宗海时空数据库结构。按照海域使用时空数据管理模式,采用ESRI MapObjects的GIS图形软件包进行了开发试验,实现了海域使用过程中不同时间、不同空间层次数据的动态管理和时空分析。 相似文献