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1.
为了解马岭油田南二区延9油藏长期注水后储层特征的变化及产生机理,通过室内物理模拟实验方法,结合矿场2口检查井取心分析结果,研究了注水前后储层物性、孔喉特征和渗流特征的变化。结果表明:长期注水后,由于注入水对储层的作用主要集中在孔隙的喉道部分,储层渗透率明显增大,孔隙度增加较小;储层物性的增加主要与水洗后粘土矿物含量的降低、水洗程度、储层初始渗透率大小和裂缝的开启有关,其中裂缝开启对储层物性的影响最显著;水洗后储层岩石表面油膜脱落,岩石润湿性由亲油性变为亲水性。以上综合作用的结果使油水两相流动能力增强、两相区范围变宽,水驱油效率增大。可见马岭油田南二区延9油藏注水开发中储层的变化有利于油田开发。 相似文献
2.
注水开发是提高陕北浅层低孔特低渗油藏最终采收率和开发效益的主要方式。随着开发工作的开展,油田污水已成为注水开发的主要水源,污水的处理、污水回注和再利用是油田可持续高效发展的关键问题之一。针对南泥湾低渗油藏脱后污水及池塘污水化验结果,通过对絮凝剂、助凝剂、杀菌剂、缓蚀阻垢剂、除氧剂、浮选剂种类及加药量的优选,进行了回注污水处理研究。结果表明：按照所筛选出的各种水处理剂选型及浓度选择混合后,配伍性良好,处理后的污水水质各项指标均达到延长低渗透油藏注入水推荐标准,可满足南泥湾油田特低渗油藏注水开发要求。研究结果可为陕北浅层低渗油田污水处理及注水方案优化提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
《地质科技情报》2017,(4)
为揭示注水水质对储层的伤害情况,针对克拉玛依油田清污混注运行中水体不配伍和水质达标率低的问题,开展了清污混注的水体配伍性、水质对岩心的伤害、悬浮颗粒或乳化油对储层堵塞机理及注水水质指标研究。结果表明:克拉玛依油田污水与清水、注入水与地层水均存在一定程度的不配伍,但失钙(镁)率都在30%以下。清污混注增加了注水对岩心伤害的程度,且清水占比越大伤害越重。注入水中悬浮颗粒和乳化油浓度越高,岩心的渗透率保留率越低,对岩心的伤害程度也越大。因此,克拉玛依油田最大的清水配注量应是恰好满足配注所需的最低清水量,回注水的推荐指标为悬浮颗粒质量浓度≤5mg/L、乳化油质量浓度≤20mg/L。 相似文献
4.
依据注水开发过程中的矛盾,探讨无机垢对低渗/超低渗透岩性油藏影响。在储层特征与水质实验分析研究的基础上,开展真实砂岩微观模型水驱油对比实验。华庆油田长81油藏孔喉结构的非均质性强弱是由喉道结构特征决定,地层水为CaCl2型,洛河层注入水为NaHCO3型;注水开发过程中产生的主要无机垢为CaCO3,少量的MgCO3、CaSO4、BaSO4与SrSO4混合无机垢;无机垢对油藏的伤害是一个动态变化过程,表现为相对较好的物性和孔隙组合类型驱油效率损失率大于相对较差的物性和孔隙组合类型、驱替压力与倍数增大驱油效率损失率增大。注水开发过程中配伍性差产生的无机垢引起孔隙结构非均质性、贾敏效应与压敏效应增强,降低驱油效率,影响开发效果。 相似文献
5.
黏土矿物具有特殊的层状结构与吸附性强、表面活性高、层间可交换阳离子丰富等理化特征,已被广泛应用于工业材料制造及环境修复等领域。而在医学领域,传统抗生素的滥用导致细菌的耐药性不断增强与全球流行,引发医学界对于现存抗生素有效性的担忧,开发新型杀菌药物迫在眉睫。尽管历史上已有黏土矿物缓解伤口脓肿、治疗消化不良及关节炎等病症的记载,现代分析技术的进步才使得研究者能够对黏土矿物及其杀菌机理进一步研究,从而深入挖掘其作为抗菌药物的潜在医学价值。近年来,国内外研究学者先后报道了黏土矿物自身广谱的杀菌能力,并指出其杀菌活性与矿物溶出的金属离子、其片层结构中赋存的活性铁、黏土表面带电性以及产生的活性氧基团(reactive oxygen species, ROS)等相关。另一方面,黏土矿物作为药物分子载体,可以增强杀菌药物的物理性能与杀菌活性,被广泛用于制备复合杀菌材料。本文综合近年来国内外研究团队对医药黏土的杀菌能力、过程与机理研究,探讨常见黏土矿物具备杀菌活性的必要条件与共性特征,简述黏土矿物作为有效载体所制备的杀菌材料,指明当前医药黏土矿物研发过程中存在的问题,为今后医药黏土研发提供些许建议。 相似文献
6.
通过对马王庙油田马36井区与王场油田潜四段沉积环境、岩性、孔隙结构、注水开发效果对比,分析认为两区沉积微相、岩性、物性及孔隙结构均存在一定差异。因此,马36井区注水开发效果与王场潜四段相比,在水线推进速度、含水上升规律、稳产时间、水驱采收率等方面存在较大差异。说明不同的储集层特征对注水开发效果影响较大,应对不同的储集层特征制定不同的开发方案。 相似文献
7.
《地质科技情报》2016,(1)
注入水中悬浮颗粒和悬浮油滴能够严重堵塞低渗透油藏储层,造成渗透率下降,导致注水难、采油难。开展悬浮颗粒和悬浮油滴对低渗透储层堵塞规律的研究对提高油田注水效果有着重要的指导作用。对悬浮颗粒和悬浮油滴分别设计了5种粒径、3种质量浓度的岩心流动及反排解堵实验,并结合岩心的孔喉特征分析了堵塞规律。结果表明:悬浮颗粒或悬浮油滴对储层的堵塞存在贯穿性堵塞、浅部堵塞、贯穿性堵塞向浅部堵塞过渡3种形式;质量浓度和粒径在不同堵塞形式中对堵塞存在主次的影响作用;在过渡阶段,堵塞最严重、解堵效果最差。悬浮颗粒在过渡阶段的粒径范围较窄,且接近喉道直径;悬浮油滴在过渡阶段的粒径范围较宽,且大于喉道直径;悬浮颗粒的解堵效果明显弱于悬浮油滴。建议低渗透油田在达到配注量的同时,悬浮颗粒或悬浮油滴质量浓度尽量小、粒径范围尽量集中且远离过渡阶段。针对安塞油田,建议悬浮颗粒质量浓度≤2mg/L、粒径4μm;悬浮油滴质量浓度5mg/L、粒径≤3.16μm。 相似文献
8.
安塞油田注水开发技术研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
安塞油田特低渗透油藏的非均质性较强,注水开发启动压力梯度大、天然微裂缝较发育和油井见水后采液、采油指数下降等因素对注水开发效果的影响日益突出,根据安塞油田多年实际注水开发试验,从注水参数优化、精细注水单元划分、注水剖面调整和优化注采井网方面分析总结了安塞油田注水开发的基本方法和基本特点,在注水参数优化方面提出了超前注水及油井投产的时机选择,以及强化注水、不稳定注水的特点和方法,针对油层的非均质性提出了三分精细注水的核心和方法,对剖面调整技术和井网优化技术的实际应用效果进行了分析评价.为油田开发提供了技术借鉴和指导. 相似文献
9.
油田在注水开发阶段,注采比是最重要的注水参数之一,若注采比控制不合理,则会产生高渗带水淹加剧、注水利用率降低、水驱波及状况变差、地层压力亏空严重等一系列问题,影响油田的水驱开发效果。本文以L油田为研究对象,对注采比的合理性进行论证,在深入分析油田地层压力和注采比关系的基础上,根据油田实际注采比影响因素,建立注采比多元线性回归模型,以改善油田水驱开发效果为目的,将甲型水驱规律与注采比多元线性回归模型相结合确定合理注采比,研究表明:该方法符合基本水驱规律,结果与油藏数值模拟计算合理注采比的结果一致,确定研究区现价段合理注采比为1.05。对研究区今后开展安全合理注水开发、改善水驱开发效果起到指导性作用,对其他相似油田和其他类型油田也具有一定的参考和借鉴作用,具有较强的实用性和操作性。 相似文献
10.
随着油田开发期限的延长,杏子川油田剩余含油区块存在着储量小、品位低、采收率低等问题,油田注水开发势在必行。由于注水规模迅速扩大,其注水区块较为分散,建大型注水站不能适应当前注水开发的需要,因此急需体积小、占地面积小、运行费用低、便于安装与移动的撬装注水站,其设备通过不断改良,污水处理技术日益娴熟,处理后的水质逐渐达到注水水质标准,解决了小区块注水开采难的问题。目前,杏子川油田在撬装注水设备应用效果很好,已建成多座撬装注水站,取得了较好的注水开发效果,逐步从规模注水向精细注水转变。 相似文献
11.
电解回收离子交换法分离稀土排出液的Cu和EDTA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
首次提出了应用电解技术回收由高温同压离子交换法分离出的稀土排出液中的Ｃｕ和ＥＤＴＡ。研究了电压、电解液流量、阳极液浓度等条件对电解效率的影响及Ｐ至电解尾液回收ＥＤＴＡ的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件。实践证明,本方法具有回民效率高,ＥＤＴＡ回收品质好,操作简单,成本低廉,污染小的特点。适用于离子交换法分离稀土的生产。 相似文献
12.
B. Jung R. Sivasubramanian B. Batchelor A. Abdel-Wahab 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(1):123-134
Chlorate is one of the disinfection byproducts that are formed when chlorine/chlorine dioxide is used as a primary disinfectant. This study investigated the removal of chlorate by photochemical degradation using an advanced reduction process, which is a treatment method that combines a reducing agent with an activating method to generate reducing radicals. The effectiveness of combinations of reducing agents and three UV light sources having a peak output at 254, 365, and 312 nm were evaluated for chlorate removal. Dithionite irradiated by broad-band UVB lamp having the peak energy at 312 nm showed the highest chlorate removal. In pursuit of finding the optimum advanced reduction process conditions, the environmental process variables including pH, reducing agent dose, and light intensity were investigated. Dithionite/UV-B advanced reduction process was effective in weakly acidic conditions (pH < 5), and chlorate removal occurred in two steps. The first was an initial rapid decrease in chlorate concentration that occurred before initiating UV irradiation and was attributed to reaction with dithionite decomposition products. The second step was a slow decrease during UV irradiation that is caused by radicals produced by photolysis of the products of dithionite decomposition. The major product of chlorate destruction was chloride, with negligible amounts of chlorite produced. 相似文献
13.
A predictive model for the formation potential of dichloroacetamide, a nitrogenous disinfection by-product formed during chlorination 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
W. H. Chu N. Y. Gao D. Q. Yin Y. Deng M. R. Templeton 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2012,9(4):701-704
Nitrogenous disinfection by-products have increasingly become a public health concern in the drinking water industry because they have been found to be more geno- and cytotoxic than most of the currently regulated disinfection by-products. Dichloroacetamide, a nitrogenous disinfection by-product which is formed during chlorination in water treatment, has increasingly received attention due to its elevated genotoxicity and cytotoxicity relative to the currently regulated disinfection by-products. In this study, a power function model with parameters of dissolved organic nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, bromide, soluble microbial products, and aromatic proteins was developed to successfully predict dichloroacetamide formation potential. The inclusion of soluble microbial product and aromatic protein into the model significantly improved the prediction, suggesting that soluble microbial product and aromatic protein play a significant role in the formation of dichloroacetamide. Additionally, the performance of the predictive model appeared to be somewhat affected by the characteristics of raw water used to develop the model. 相似文献
14.
本文采用中性红和二苯胺磺酸钠作指示剂,以重铬酸钾标准溶液对钒钛磁铁矿中钛铁连测.经对介质、指示剂、催化剂加入量等的优选试验和分析结果时照,本方法终点敏锐,操作简便、快速,结果可靠. 相似文献
15.
Simultaneous application of iron and aluminum anodes for nitrate removal: a comprehensive parametric study 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
F. Ghanbari M. Moradi A. Mohseni-Bandpei F. Gohari T. Mirtaleb Abkenar E. Aghayani 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(6):1653-1660
Exposure to high concentration of nitrate through drinking water poses a threat to human health and environment. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an alternative water treatment process that involves electrogeneration of coagulant agents. In the present study, EC was exerted for the nitrate removal in a batch reactor using aluminum and iron anodes simultaneously. The effects of the main parameters including electrical current, initial pH, NaCl dosage, initial nitrate concentration and presence of turbidity on NO3 ? removal were investigated. NO2 ? as a by-product was monitored during electrolysis, and nitrate–nitrite index was calculated. The results indicated that optimum condition was pH of 5, 300 mA electrical current, 100 mg/L NaCl and electrolysis time of 40 min, under which removal efficiency was 81.5 %. Nitrite anion was generated during electrolysis of nitrate solution which increases nitrate–nitrite index at the first reaction time, and it was eliminated after 20-min electrolysis time. Reaction kinetic of nitrate removal in the absence and presence of turbidity was first-order and zero-order, respectively. 相似文献
16.
聚合膜电解浓集法测量低水平氚环境水样的氚比活度 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着氚同位素电解浓集技术和测量仪器的发展,对低水平的氚比活度可以进行准确测量,但由于现行的氚处理方法的差异,导致氚比活度测定的不确定性增加。本文采用现行的两种氚比活度测量方法碱式电解浓集法和聚合膜电解浓集法测量低水平环境水样的氚比活度,并将结果进行比对。针对聚合膜电解法,通过使用优化结构的装置提高可靠性;对于使用国家标准方法计算出现较大误差的情况下,在氚水回收率的计算数据处理方面提出了死体积的概念,改善了聚合膜电解法测量低水平氚样品的稳定性,使氚比活度的计算结果更加精确。 相似文献
17.
A. Mesdaghinia M. T. Rafiee F. Vaezi A. Mahvi A. Torabian A. Ghasri 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2006,2(4):335-342
Jar-test experiments were conducted to study enhanced coagulation effectiveness in removal of disinfection by products (DBPs) from Zayandehrud River at Isfahan Province-the center part of Iran-in 2004. In this study, the removal of suspended and colloidal particles and natural organic matter (NOM) at various coagulant doses and coagulation pHs was assessed through raw and treated water measurements of turbidity, UV254 absorbance, TOC, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) was also determined by a mathematical relationship with TOC. Results indicated that NOM removal was a function of coagulant type, coagulant dose, and pH of coagulation. In general, TOC, DOC, and UV254 absorbance removal enhanced with increasing coagulant dose. However, further increases in coagulant dosage had little effect on disinfection by-products precursors removal. Ferric chloride was consistently more effective than alum in removing NOM. Coagulation pH was appeared to be a determining factor for maximum NOM removal and the removal of DBPs precursors by enhanced coagulation was significantly enhanced at pH 5.5 in comparison with initial pH of water. Furthermore, it is specified that preadjustment of pH with sulfuric acid reduced the coagulant dosage and thus, production of sludge. The reduction in THMFP was consistent with the trends observed for DBPs precursors removal data (i.e. UV254 and TOC data). 相似文献
18.
石油废水中含有多种有机物,成分复杂,其治理是当今急需解决的问题.用自制的反应器以石墨为电极材料,应用脉冲电解方法,进行处理石油废水的实验.实验结果表明:在电解时间 30 min,电解电压 10 V,脉冲电源频率 3 750 Hz,占空比 50 %,pH＝9,电极间距 2.5 cm,电极直径 1.0 cm,电解质浓度 0.2 % 的条件下进行电解,废水的处理效果可达到 89 % 以上.处理后的废水低于国家第二类污染物最高允许排放浓度的二级排放标准.脉冲电解法不但处理含油废水效果显著,而且设备简单,易于操作,为处理石油废水提供了一项新技术. 相似文献
19.
20.
麦秸秆加筋材料抗拉性能的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
加筋作用取决于筋材间的交织作用、筋土间的摩擦作用,以及加筋材料自身的抗拉性能。利用扫描电镜观察天然和经高分子材料SH胶浸泡后麦秸秆的结构,发现麦秸秆孔隙中渗入了胶液,并在麦秸秆的内外表面形成了胶膜。通过拉伸实验,测试了无茎节和1茎节麦秸秆在天然、浸海水、浸胶及浸胶后再浸海水4种工况下的极限拉力和极限延伸率。结果表明,无茎节麦秸秆的极限拉力和极限延伸率均高于1茎节麦秸秆的;浸胶与天然麦秸秆、浸胶干燥后再浸海水与直接浸海水的麦秸秆相比,前者的极限拉力和极限延伸率均高于后者,说明SH胶浸泡麦秸秆,使其抗拉性能得到增强。 相似文献