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1.
阐明TRMM 3B42V6（Tropical rainfall measuring mission 3B42 version 6）的误差特征及成因,对于合理使用该卫星降水数据,并完善其降水反演算法具有重要意义。在赣江流域0.25°×0.25°空间尺度上,对比了TRMM 3B42V6、TRMM 3B42RTV6和CMORPH的精度特征。结果表明,3B42V6的系统偏差远低于3B42RTV6、CMORPH,但平均绝对值偏差、效率系数和探测率均明显劣于CMORPH。TRMM 3B42V6的系统偏差较低的原因主要在于该数据采用地面月降水量进行了校准,而其绝对值偏差、效率系数和探测率明显劣于CMORPH的主要原因在于所采用的热红外/被动微波降水联合反演算法不及后者有效。今后有必要对TRMM 3B42的精度进行全面评估,并改进该数据的热红外/微波降水反演算法及与地面降水信息的融合算法。 相似文献
2.
采用地面雨量站点观测降水作为基准数据,评估热带降雨观测计划（TRMM）最新一代卫星降水产品3B42V7的精度;利用站点和卫星两种降水数据驱动栅格新安江模型,采用SCEM-UA算法考虑模型参数不确定性,进行流量过程模拟,评估TRMM 3B42V7在流域水文模拟和预报中的应用能力。数据精度评估显示:在平均意义上,TRMM 3B42V7日降水精度较高,较站点观测低估了6.68%;但在绝对值意义上,TRMM 3B42V7日降水精度较低,绝对偏差达到57.76%;TRMM 3B42V7经过了地面月降水量偏差校准,其精度在月尺度上有较大提高。径流模拟结果表明:TRMM 3B42V7模拟的日径流过程精度较低,有部分洪峰没有捕捉到,但仍能表征径流的日变化特征;月尺度上模拟径流与实测径流吻合较好,能表征径流的季节性和年内变化特征;计算的日尺度和月尺度95%置信区间包含大部分实测流量过程。 相似文献
3.
运用渭河流域24个气象站点日降雨数据对2001~2012年热带测雨卫星(TRMM)3B42数据在不同子流域、不同降雨强度以及不同时间尺度的精度进行了对比验证,并对比分析了基于TRMM和站点数据的渭河流域降雨时空分布特征。结果显示:在不同子流域的日TRMM数据比站点观测数据对低值降雨更为敏感,而在极大值降雨数据观测上两者差距较大,月尺度TRMM站点观测数据确定性系数在0.89到0.96之间;两种数据在流域降雨的时空分布上表现一致性,在年内6月中旬~10月初为湿润多雨期,其余月份降雨较少,空间分布呈东南部大,西北部小的格局。 相似文献
4.
根据中国境内2 257个气象站点1998-2013年逐日降水资料,结合流域分区,采用探测准确性、相关系数以及相对误差等指标,对热带降水测量（TRMM）降水精度和一致性进行系统评价。结果表明:① TRMM日降水准确性从东南沿海向西北内陆递减;② 气象站点年均降水日数显著大于TRMM年均降水日数;③ 西北片区以外气象站点降水量和TRMM降水量在月尺度和年尺度上均具有较好的相关关系;④ 各流域年均TRMM面降水量均高于气象站点面降水量,且TRMM面降水量相对误差雨季较小,枯季较大;⑤ 各流域TRMM面降水量与气象站点面降水量演变趋势基本一致,南方各流域年降水量均呈减少趋势,北方各流域年降水量均呈增加趋势,全国尺度上年降水量呈微弱的减少趋势。 相似文献
5.
Syed Muhammad Zubair Younis Muhammad Majid Ahmad Ammar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(18):404
The impacts of floods and droughts are intensified by climate change, lack of preparedness, and coordination. The average rainfall in study area is ranging from 200 to 400 mm per year. Rain gauge generally provides very accurate measurement of point rain rates and the amounts of rainfall but due to scarcity of the gauge locations provides very general information of the area on regional scale. Recognizing these practical limitations, it is essential to use remote sensing techniques for measuring the quantity of rainfall in the Middle Indus. In this research, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) estimation can be used as a proxy for the magnitude of rainfall estimates from classical methods (rain gauge), quantity, and its spatial distribution for Middle Indus river basin. In order to use TRMM satellite data for discharge measurement, its accuracy is determined by statistically comparing it with in situ gauged data on daily and monthly bases. The daily R 2 value (0.42) is significantly lower than monthly R 2 value (0.82), probably due to the time of summation of TRMM 3-hourly precipitation data into daily estimates. Daily TRMM data from 2003 to 2012 was used as input forcing in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model along with other input parameters. The calibration and validation results of SWAT model give R 2 = 0.72 and 0.73 and Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency = 0.69 and 0.65, respectively. Daily and monthly comparison graphs are generated on the basis of model discharge output and observed data. 相似文献
6.
通过评估GPM计划三种日降水产品（IMERG-E、 IMERG-L和IMERG-F）和TRMM卫星、 两种日降水产品（TMPA 3B42和TMPA 3B42RT）在黄河源及其周边区域38个台站的适用性, 探究了五种产品探测精度和海拔高度及雨强的相关关系, 结果表明： 在与实测资料的一致性和偏差方面, GPM卫星产品要全面优于TMPA产品。在TRMM卫星产品中, 3B42产品明显优于3B42RT。五种产品的相关系数均表现出明显的从东南到西北递减的趋势, 均方根误差北部普遍低于南部。IMERG产品的探测率（POD）和探测成功率（CSI）都要普遍高于TMPA产品, 而误报率（FAR）则是TMPA 产品更低, 表现更好。五种产品均在个别台站出现了严重误报的情况, 这些台站主要分布在研究区的西北部。IMERG三种产品对于海拔高度的依赖程度具有很强的一致性, 而3B42RT产品对海拔高度几乎没有依赖。除3B42RT产品外, 其余四种产品的偏差均随雨强的增加而增大。在探测率方面, IMERG产品对小雨、 中雨和大雨的探测能力均优于TMPA产品。 相似文献
7.
Objective analysis of daily rainfall at the resolution of 1° grid for the Indian monsoon region has been carried out merging
dense land rainfall observations and INSAT derived precipitation estimates. This daily analysis, being based on high dense
rain gauge observations was found to be very realistic and able to reproduce detailed features of Indian summer monsoon. The
inter-comparison with the observations suggests that the new analysis could distinctly capture characteristic features of
the summer monsoon such as north-south oriented belt of heavy rainfall along the Western Ghats with sharp gradient of rainfall
between the west coast heavy rain region and the rain shadow region to the east, pockets of heavy rainfall along the location
of monsoon trough/low, over the east central parts of the country, over north-east India, along the foothills of Himalayas
and over the north Bay of Bengal. When this product was used to assess the quality of other available standard climate products
(CMAP and ECMWF reanalysis) at the gird resolution of 2.5°, it was found that the orographic heavy rainfall along Western
Ghats of India was poorly identified by them. However, the GPCC analysis (gauge only) at the resolution of 1° grid closely
discerns the new analysis. This suggests that there is a need for a higher resolution analysis with adequate rain gauge observations
to retain important aspects of the summer monsoon over India. The case studies illustrated show that the daily analysis is
able to capture large-scale as well as mesoscale features of monsoon precipitation systems. This study with data of two seasons
(2001 and 2003) has shown sufficiently promising results for operational application, particularly for the validation of NWP
models. 相似文献
8.
Sergio H. Franchito V. Brahmananda Rao Ana C. Vasques Clovis M. E. Santo Jorge C. Conforte 《Journal of Earth System Science》2009,118(3):193-207
A comparison between TRMM PR rainfall estimates and rain gauge data from ANEEL and combined gauge/satellite data from GPCP over South America (SA) is made. In general, the annual and seasonal regional characteristics of rainfall over SA are qualitatively well reproduced by TRMM PR and GPCP. It is found that over most of SA GPCP exceeds TRMM PR rainfall. The largest positive differences between GPCP and TRMM PR data occur in the north SA, northwestern and central Amazonia. However, there are regions where GPCP rainfall is lower than TRMM PR, particularly in the Pacific coastal regions and in southern Brazil. We suggest that the cause for the positive differences GPCP minus TRMM PR rainfall are related to the fact that satellite observations based on infrared radiation and outgoing longwave radiance sensors overestimate convective rainfall in GPCP and the cause for the negative differences are due to the random errors in TRMM PR. Rainfall differences in the latter phases of the 1997/98 El Niño and 1998/99 La Niña are analyzed. The results showed that the rainfall anomalies are generally higher in GPCP than in TRMM PR, however, as in the mean annual case, there are regions where the rainfall in GPCP is lower than in TRMM PR. The higher positive (negative) differences between the rainfall anomalies in GPCP and TRMM PR, which occur in the central Amazonia (southern Brazil), are reduced (increased) in the El Niño event. This is due to the fact that during the El Niño episode the rainfall decreases in the central Amazonia and increases in the southern Brazil. Consequently, the overestimation of the convective rainfall by GPCP is reduced and the overestimation of the rainfall by TRMM PR is increased in these two regions, respectively. 相似文献
9.
多传感器联合反演高分辨率降水方法综述 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
精确测量具有强烈时空变异性的降水,是水文气象学颇具挑战的科学研究目标之一。基于多传感器联合反演降水(Multi-sensor Precipitation Estimation,MPE)的方法已成为卫星反演降水的主流趋势。首先介绍MPE方法的定义与分类,回顾MPE方法的历史发展阶段及研究现状;然后介绍主要的MPE算法,包括TRMM多卫星降水分析算法(TMPA)、气候预测中心算法(CMORPH)、全球卫星降水制图算法(GSMa P)、美国海军研究实验室联合算法(NRLB)和神经网络降水算法(PERSIANN);对比这5种主要算法的优缺点和反演精度(PERSIANN精度范围为-56%~200%,其他产品为-67%~10%),指出存在的主要问题,并且评价不同类型MPE算法的性能;最后结合目前存在的问题探讨MPE方法研究发展趋势。 相似文献
10.
11.
Manika Gupta Prashant K. Srivastava Tanvir Islam Asnor Muizan Bin Ishak 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(10):4421-4431
The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) is a joint space mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) designed to monitor and study tropical rainfall. In this study, the daily rainfall from TRMM has been utilized to simulate the soil moisture content up to 30 cm vertical soil profile of at an interval depth of 15 cm by using the HYDRUS 1D numerical model for the three plots. The simulated soil moisture content using ground-based rainfall and TRMM-derived rainfall measurements indicate an agreeable goodness of fit between the both. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency using ground-based and TRMM-derived rainfall was found in the range of 0.90–0.68 and 0.70–0.40, respectively. The input data sensitivity analysis of precipitation combined with different irrigation treatment indicates a high dependency of soil moisture content with rainfall input. The overall analysis reveals that TRMM rainfall is promising for soil moisture prediction in absence of ground-based measurements of soil moisture. 相似文献
12.
Helmi Saidi Marzia Ciampittiello Claudia Dresti Laura Turconi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(11):4607-4616
With regard to extreme events, it is well documented that an intensity of about 1 mm/min already represents an extreme intensity. Under alpine conditions, a precipitation event with an intensity of 3 mm/min has occurred. Therefore, the rain gauges in this region have to be able to measure in this and even in higher intensity ranges. This study deals with basic automated tipping-bucket rain (TBR) gauge and Bulk precipitation samplers, which are able to hold more than 95 % of the cumulative rainfall, that are verified within the space of the week without losses during the extreme events and with minimal evaporation loss. Bulk samplers collected more rainfall than TBR gauges in 110 of 221 extreme events analysed over the past 10 years. In 17 extreme events, an underestimation greater than 10 % was evaluated. The objective was to single out the counting errors associated with TBR gauge, during extreme events, so as to help the understanding of the measured differences between instruments in the field. We want to determine whether the automated precipitation gauge can provide a reliable and precise measurement of precipitation with particular interest regarding heavy and extreme events. 相似文献
13.
多卫星遥感降水产品为无/缺资料地区的水文过程模拟提供了新的数据来源。结合地面高密度雨量站网,在中国典型暴雨区赣江流域定量评估两种TRMM降水产品(3B42V7和3B42RTV7)的精度,并通过耦合分布式水文模型CREST,探讨了水文模拟中TRMM卫星降水产品对地面观测降水的可替代性。研究表明:3B42和3B42RT与地面观测流域平均月降水相关系数达到0.9以上,偏差在5%以内,日尺度上相关性略差,偏差略有增加。同时设计2种水文模拟对比试验:情景I为静态参数,使用地面雨量站降水率定模型参数,采用卫星降雨验证模型;情景II为动态参数,采用卫星数据重新率定模型参数,再利用卫星降雨验证模型。对比结果表明:情景II中完全使用TRMM降水后模型效果明显改善,证明TRMM卫星数据在赣江流域具有替代地面站点观测的潜力,但需要重新根据卫星降雨率定模型。 相似文献
14.
Manoj Kumar Thakur T. V. Lakshmi Kumar Sanjeev Dwivedi M. S. Narayanan 《Natural Hazards》2018,94(2):819-832
In the present study, we have used TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA) 3B42 and global precipitation mission (GPM): IMERG “precipitation Cal” products to identify and quantify the asymmetry and distribution of rainfall in tropical cyclones formed over Bay of Bengal (BoB). For the period 2010–2013, TMPA products have been made use of and for the period 2014–2017, GPM–IMERG products are used to study the aforementioned features. Overall, 17 cyclones covering 75 events/days ranging from depression to very severe cyclonic stage of the system have been analysed. Our analysis revealed some interesting features on asymmetry, direction of maximum rain-receiving zones, relation of T-number with maximum and total rainfall in rain-receiving areas. The study reveals the direction of rainfall zone is mostly towards west and southwest directions of the storm centre in BoB. This point gains importance in the context of earlier reports, where it is mentioned that the direction of maximum rainfall is in east. The study also infers that the maximum rainfall and total rainfall need not be dependent on the intensity (indicated by T-number). We also attempted to classify the rain-receiving zones, based on both the rainfall-rate window and area covered in each window of rainfall, and a criterion has been proposed. The distribution of rainfall is classified, as sharply falling, slowly falling and nearly constant. 相似文献
15.
A combination of empirical and physically based hydrological models has been used to analyze historical data on rainfall and debris-flow occurrence in western Campania, to examine the correlation between rainfall and debris-flow events.
Rainfall data from major storms recorded in recent decades in western Campania were compiled, including daily series from several rain gauges located inside landslide areas, supplemented by hourly rainfall data from some of the principal storms.
A two-phase approach is proposed. During phase 1, soil moisture levels have been modelled as the hydrological balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration, on a daily scale, using the method of Thornthwaite [Geograph. Rev. 38 (1948) 55].
Phase 2 is related to the accumulation of surplus moisture from intense rainfall, leading to the development of positive pore pressures. These interactions take place on an hourly time scale by the “leaky barrel” (LB) model described by Wilson and Wiezoreck [Env. Eng. Geoscience, 1 (1995) 11]. In combination with hourly rainfall records, the LB model has been used to compare hydrological effects of different storms. The critical level of retained rain water has been fixed by the timing of debris-flow activity, related to recorded storm events.
New rainfall intensity–duration thresholds for debris-flow initiation in western Campania are proposed. These thresholds are related to individual rain gauge and assume a previously satisfied field capacity condition. The new thresholds are somewhat higher than those plotted by previous authors, but are thought to be more accurate and thus need less conservatism. 相似文献
16.
四套降水资料在喀喇昆仑山叶尔羌河上游流域的适用性分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
分析了2003-2009年基于卫星观测的降水数据CMORPH、 TMPA 3B42 v6、 中国科学院青藏高原研究所的融合数据ITPCAS和基于地面台站的APHRODITE (2003-2007)四套降水数据集在叶尔羌河上游流域的时空分布特征, 并以这四套降水数据为驱动, 利用VIC分布式水文模型对叶尔羌河上游流域的降水径流进行模拟.结果表明: 在空间分布上, 四套降水资料在叶尔羌河上游流域的差异较大, ITPCAS的空间分布与流域冰川的分布较一致, 基于冰川区即为大降水区的基本认知, 初步认为ITPCAS的空间分布比较合理; 其次是TMPA 3B42 v6和APHRODITE; 在流域的年降水量和季节分配量上, 由于缺乏高海拔地区的实测降水资料, 无法准确回答各套降水资料在量级上是否合理; 在时间序列上, 四套降水资料与流域站点降水(库鲁克栏杆站和塔什库尔干站的平均降水)存在着不同程度的差异.但从整体上看, CMORPH数据在一定程度上能够反映流域的月降水变化过程, 而APHRODITE和ITPCAS只能在个别年份对流域的降水描述较好; 在径流模拟上, 卫星降水数据CMORPH显示了作为水文模型输入数据的较大潜力; 而其他降水资料在叶尔羌河径流模拟中, 与实测径流在量和季节分配上可能存在较大偏差. 相似文献
17.
为评估TRMM 3B42（TRMM）和新一代GPM IMERG（GPM）卫星降水产品精度,基于国内824个气象站点日降水数据,选用相关系数（R）、相对误差（ER）和公正先兆评分（SET）等指标,对比分析了二者在中国大陆和九大流域内逐日、逐月尺度的观测精度。研究表明:①在日尺度上,中国大陆内的GPM降水数据精度整体优于TRMM,二者的R、ER和SET分别达到了0.73、2.03%、0.36和0.70、3.75%、0.33;②GPM和TRMM日降水数据在海河流域、淮河流域、长江流域、珠江流域、东南诸河流域呈现较高的观测精度,在松辽流域、黄河流域、西南诸河片区精度次之,在内陆河片区相对最低;③在月尺度上,中国大陆内的GPM冬季降水精度明显好于TRMM,这是由于GPM提高了对弱降水和固态降水的观测能力。总体上,GPM降水产品在中国各大流域精度较好且优于TRMM,表明其在流域降水研究及水文模拟中将有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
18.
Comparison of TRMM-based flood indices for Gaziantep,Turkey 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Floods are the most common natural disasters threatening the welfare of humanity. Gaziantep, a city located in a semi-arid region of Turkey, is occasionally flooded, and in May 2014, a flood not only caused property damage, but also resulted in the death of a lady who became trapped in flood waters. The fatality and property damage of flash floods arise from the limited response time for remediation. Despite improvements in numerical weather predictions, forecasting flash floods is not easy. Due to its frequent observations, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) real-time (RT) 3B42RT data are tested for Gaziantep flood predictions in this study. During TRMM era, six floods occurred in Gaziantep. Three-hourly 3B42RT data covering the 2000- to 2014-year period indicated high rain rates during months in which floods were observed. Also daily variation of rainfall was well represented. High-intensity rain (HIR), cumulative distribution functions (CDF) and Gaziantep Flood Index (GAFI) indices are developed for flood characterization. HIR, calculated as 10 mm/h, detected October and December of 2010 floods. CDFs with 99, 98.5, 95 and 91.3% indicated 4 floods occurred in August 2005, June 2007, October 2010 and December 2010, respectively. GAFI was able to detect 4 out of 6 occurrences (August 2005, June 2007, October 2010 and December 2010) as values ranging from 1 to 2.63 are selected for monthly precipitation. In the missed occurrence, 3B42RT did not indicate any rainfall. Although only rain rates are used in flood characterization, the results are promising, and the simplicity of the methodology favors its usage. Also, methodology can easily be implemented to TRMM following missions such as Global Precipitation Measurement Mission. 相似文献
19.
Precipitation is a key input variable for hydrological and climate studies. Rain gauges can provide reliable precipitation measurements at a point of observations. However, the uncertainty of rain measurements increases when a rain gauge network is sparse. Satellite-based precipitation estimations SPEs appear to be an alternative source of measurements for regions with limited rain gauges. However, the systematic bias from satellite precipitation estimation should be estimated and adjusted. In this study, a method of removing the bias from the precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks-cloud classification system (PERSIANN-CCS) over a region where the rain gauge is sparse is investigated. The method consists of monthly empirical quantile mapping of gauge and satellite measurements over several climate zones as well as inverse-weighted distance for the interpolation of gauge measurements. Seven years (2010–2016) of daily precipitation estimation from PERSIANN-CCS was used to test and adjust the bias of estimation over Saudi Arabia. The first 6 years (2010–2015) are used for calibration, while 1 year (2016) is used for validation. The results show that the mean yearly bias is reduced by 90%, and the yearly root mean square error is reduced by 68% during the validation year. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can effectively adjust the bias of satellite-based precipitation estimations. 相似文献
20.
以长江上游金沙江流域典型高山峡谷地区为研究对象,用该区域地面观测降雨量数据对TRMM PR 3B42 V6产品进行了3 h、日、月3个时间尺度的有效性评估,旨在为开展区域卫星与地面降水数据融合的流域水文模拟及预报奠定数据基础。分别采用了线性回归方法分析降雨量相关性、经验正交函数-奇异值分解方法(EOF-SVD)分析降雨量主要模态空间分布特征、相对偏差Bias、错报率RFA和探测率PD指标对该卫星产品进行了精度评定。研究结果表明:研究区该卫星产品与地面观测数据在3个时间尺度存在显著的线性时间和空间相关性,但相关程度随时间尺度的减小而减弱;二者在空间分布上总体具有一致性特征,但在高海拔、大坡度区域表现出较为显著的差异;相对偏差指标显示2008-2010年降雨量均值相对偏差在±10%的概率密度百分数为36.08%;随高程的增加,卫星数据RFA呈逐渐增加趋势变化,PD呈逐渐减小趋势变化;总体上小雨对误差的贡献最大,大雨峰值误差贡献次之,时段降雨量偏差随时间尺度的增加逐渐减小,而随高程的增加卫星数据的探测精度下降。因此,对于类似的高山峡谷流域,要应用该卫星产品进行日、3 h尺度水文模拟及预报,有必要对流域卫星数据和地面观测数据进行融合,充分发挥两种数据的优势。 相似文献