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根据福州盆地2个钻孔地层放射性元素(铀、钍、钾)含量的变化特点,结合孢粉分析等结果,探讨了地层放射性元素含量变化与岩性、沉积环境的关系。沉积地层中的放射性元素含量与沉积物粒度、岩性等密切相关,在泥质沉积(如淤泥、黏土)中含量较高,在砂质沉积中较低,在砾石层中介于前两者之间。同时,放射性元素含量的高低还与古气候环境有关,温暖潮湿的环境放射性元素含量较高,凉爽干燥的环境含量较低 相似文献
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中新世黄土-古土壤序列的粒度特征及其对成因的指示意义 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
对甘肃秦安QA-I中新世黄土剖面进行了系统的粒度分析, 并与第四纪黄土、古土壤及代表性河湖相沉积样品的粒度特征进行了对比. 结果表明, 中新世和第四纪黄土、古土壤样品具有相似的粒度分布特征, 而与河湖相沉积有较大区别. 中新世黄土-古土壤序列与第四纪黄土-古土壤序列一样, 黄土层粒度较粗, 而古土壤层粒度较细, 反映了气候的冷暖、干湿变化. 从长尺度上看, 中新世黄土-古土壤序列的中值粒径与沉积速率的变化大致同步, 与北太平洋深海风尘沉积通量变化也具有较好的一致性. 上述结果不仅进一步证实研究序列的风成成因, 而且说明中新世黄土-古土壤序列的粒度变化与源区的干旱化程度有密切关系. 相似文献
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晚第四纪尤其是全新世是地球气候系统演化的一个关键地质时期,是探究全球及区域重大气候环境事件,揭示其内在演化规律,预测未来气候变化的关键时段.国内外发表的文献中,主要的年代学方法有:AMS14C年代学、石笋U系测年和纹层年代学等.其中纹层年代学被认为是比较精确的定年方法.近年来,国内外学者在中国的一些湖泊中发现了年纹层沉积,例如龙岗火山区的小龙湾、四海龙湾及二龙湾玛珥湖,柴达木盆地的苏干湖,青藏高原东部的新路海以及可可西里地区的库赛湖.本文概述我国近年来湖泊纹层年代学研究进展,总结中国湖泊年纹层类型、特征及纹层年代学研究方法、误差估计等方面的进展,并提出未来年纹层研究应注意的问题,以期促进中国湖泊沉积物年纹层研究的进一步发展. 相似文献
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内陆干旱区柴达木盆地苏干湖年纹层的发现及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
柴达木盆地北缘苏干湖若干钻孔岩芯发现, 水深大于3.0 m的沉积物均具有裸眼可分辩的由深色层和浅色层组成的纹层层理. 以湖泊中心SG03I孔上部5.5 m具有纹层结构的沉积岩芯为研究对象. 基于沉积物收集装置的现代过程研究发现, 苏干湖夏秋季以浅色的单水方解石为主, 冬半年以深色有机质为主, 现代湖泊能够形成冬半年深色层和夏半年浅色层的纹层沉积. 岩芯中有四种类型的纹层沉积: 单水方解石-有机质纹层、白云石-有机质纹层、碎屑-硅藻(碎屑)纹层与文石-有机质纹层, 均具有季节特征, 属可靠的年纹层, 且顶部纹层计年与210Pb测年结果一致. 根据纹层计年, 年纹层沉积形成于距今2670 a以来. 苏干湖纹层沉积是中国西部干旱区发现的第一个能够确认为是年纹层的湖泊沉积, 4种不同类型的年纹层指示了不同气候类型及其季节差异, 具有重建高分辨率气候变化的重要意义. 相似文献
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通过固城湖沉积物中高分辨率的岩石磁学取样及其实验研究，取得了环境磁学参数及各种磁参数的比值随深度的变化曲线，结合其他气候指标和同位素年龄结果，表明湖泊沉积中磁参数及其比值的变化能与末次晚冰期以来的古气候变化很好地相对应，尤其是在４．００ｍ和１２．０３ｍ的气候转折点上，沉积物中环境磁参数及其比值同样出现明显的变化，有力地说明沉积物中磁参数及其比值能很好地记录湖泊沉积物沉积时的古气候变化，并且可用来认识古环境突变的界线． 相似文献
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浑善达克沙地的光释光年代序列与全新世气候变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
浑善达克沙地具有对气候变化响应敏感和生态环境脆弱的特点,是研究环境变化的理想地区．相对于黄土而言,沙质沉积是近源、在沉积期堆积速率快,有可能记录了某些时间段千年时间尺度的干旱事件．应用光释光测年技术,对浑善达克沙地东北．西南断面上具代表性的10个沙丘和沙／黄土剖面进行了年代测试,获得了35个样品的光释光年龄;结合野外地层观察分析和粒度、磁化率等测试,得到了浑善达克沙地全新世干旱事件和相对湿润期的气候变化记录：在距今9．9～8．2ka期问,沙地发育厚层粗砂层,沙丘处于活动状态,气候干燥,植被覆盖度低;在距今8．0～2．7ka期间,沙地发育有多层浅灰一灰黑色砂质土壤,沙丘总体上处于固定．半固定状态（也含有短时段的沙丘活化的干旱事件）,指示气候较之前明显湿润,植被相对茂密;2．3ka以来,沙地沉积物以粗砂堆积为主,沙丘又重新活化,气候总体上为干旱．通过对沙丘沉积记录和沉积产状的分析,发现浑善达克沙地在全新世早期、8．2ka前后以及小冰期时期,气候较为干旱,植被盖度小,沙丘活化;在“隋唐暖期”和“中世纪温暖期”,气候较湿润,植被发育良好,沙丘固定．具有绝对释光年龄控制的沙丘沉积记录表明,全新世浑善达克沙地多次千年时间尺度的气候事件可能是全球气候变化的区域响应． 相似文献
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In this paper, a method for measuring the color of Quaternary sediments based on digital image analysis is proposed, which has the advantages of simple and quick operation, and improving the research efficiency of sediment color. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this method, the measurement results are compared with the traditional colorimetric measurement methods. The results show that:1) Both the traditional sediment color measurement method and the digital image color measurement method are controlled by sediment grain size. Sediment color research can be carried out on fine sand or finer sediments, but for medium grained sand and coarse sand, the error will be larger. Compared with the traditional measurement methods, digital image method can reduce the inherited color interference of coarse clastic sediments; 2) The particle size and water content of clastic sediments affect the numerical value of digital image sediment color. Generally, the wet-color values obtained by the digital image method are lower than the dry-color values obtained by using a spectrophotometer, and the color value variation is large, and the undulation of chromaticity/brightness curve is greater; 3) Compared with the traditional sediment color measurement method, digital image method has good consistency of color measurement of redness and yellowness, but the brightness is affected by uneven illumination, resulting in some error. Sediment digital image extraction of sediment color information can replace the indoor measurement method to a certain extent, and can be used to establish a more complete sediment color sequence under more complex sedimentary environment, so as to provide information for the Quaternary stratigraphic division, paleoclimate research, paleosol recognition and paleoearthquake event identification, thus expanding the application of colorimetric results to the geological direction. 相似文献
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采用散斑图像相关数字技术以非接触方式对正弦波和地震波作用下的海洋平台结构模型振动位移进行了监测,并对测量结果进行了频谱分析,同时还与传统位移传感器测得的结果做了对比分析。试验结果与分析表明该方法具有较高的精度和工程可用性,且对试验设备和测量环境要求不高,很适合现场非接触测量。 相似文献
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This paper puts together some techniques that have been previously developed by the authors, but separately, relative to fuzzy
classification within a remote sensing setting. Considering that each image can be represented as a graph that defines proximity
between pixels, certain distances between the characteristic of contiguous pixels are defined on such a graph, so a segmentation
of the image into homogeneous regions can be produced by means of a particular algorithm. Such a segmentation can be then
introduced as information, previously to any classification procedure, with an expected significative improvement. In particular,
we consider specific measures in order to quantify such an improvement. This approach is being illustrated with its application
into a particular land surface problem. 相似文献
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Abdalla Elsadig Ali 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1991,16(2):173-180
Four SPOT images, one panchromatic and three multispectral, were studied to evaluate their usefulness for hydrological mapping in an arid environment. Simple visual methods of interpretation were used to plot the drainage network independently from each test image. The results were compared with the drainage network shown on the topographic map of the area. Results show that with the panchromatic image, over 90 per cent of the map content could be discerned, identified, and plotted. The accuracy of plotting the drainage system from the multispectral images seems to depend on the season in which data had been acquired. However, in all cases, the success rate is not less than 70 per cent. Comparison with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery showed that SPOT system is superior in hydrological mapping. 相似文献
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Reverse‐time migration has become an industry standard for imaging in complex geological areas. We present an approach for increasing its imaging resolution by employing time‐shift gathers. The method consists of two steps: (i) migrating seismic data with the extended imaging condition to get time‐shift gathers and (ii) accumulating the information from time‐shift gathers after they are transformed to zero‐lag time‐shift by a post‐stack depth migration on a finer grid. The final image is generated on a grid, which is denser than that of the original image, thus improving the resolution of the migrated images. Our method is based on the observation that non‐zero‐lag time‐shift images recorded on the regular computing grid contain the information of zero‐lag time‐shift image on a denser grid, and such information can be continued to zero‐lag time‐shift and refocused at the correct locations on the denser grid. The extra computational cost of the proposed method amounts to the computational cost of zero‐offset migration and is almost negligible compared with the cost of pre‐stack shot‐record reverse‐time migration. Numerical tests on synthetic models demonstrate that the method can effectively improve reverse‐time migration resolution. It can also be regarded as an approach to improve the efficiency of reverse‐time migration by performing wavefield extrapolation on a coarse grid and by generating the final image on the desired fine grid. 相似文献
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在乳腺专用CT(DBCT)系统中,图像质量和人体所受辐射剂量是倍受关注的两个重要因素。本文采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法研究球管电压和滤片对图像质量和剂量的影响,并引入与图像分辨率、噪声、辐射剂量相关的剂量效率η,综合评估辐射剂量和图像质量的关系。研究结果表明:选择合理的管电压值能够获得较好的剂量效率,并且通过优化滤片的形状可以在保证图像质量的同时降低人体所受剂量,为乳腺专用CT的临床应用提供重要参考。 相似文献
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三维医学图象处理与分析系统 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文介绍了一个我们自主开发的基于微机的三维医学图象处理与分析系统。系统运行于Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ９５／Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ＮＴ环境,主要包括图象预处理,切片重组,三维显示,三维体显示,手术模拟等功能。可广泛用于ＣＴ,ＭＲＩ等医学图象的处理与分析,具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献