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1.
大气气溶胶对气候变化有重要的影响,由于观测资料缺乏,遥感成为越来越重要的研究手段。通过对气溶胶粒子的散射和反射特性分析表明,气溶胶的光学特性因气溶胶的成分和入射光波长的不同而不同,利用这些光谱差异,可以通过遥感方法进行光学厚度的反演,进而研究气溶胶的运动及分布、气候效应等特征。气溶胶中不同的粒子尺度及组成使其散射光学特性有较大的差异,2.1μm(或2.2μm)波段处的光谱反射率受尘粒气溶胶的影响较大;气溶胶具有时空变异特征;气溶胶在大气层上界(TDA)的辐射强迫表现为正效应,在单粒子反射率(SSA)的某一区间,其净效应因云状大小、表面反射率以及垂直气溶胶和云的分布的变化而变化,它通过影响云的凝聚核和半向效应而具有间接辐射强迫效应,另外它与臭氧的含量具有密切关系;在气溶胶信息的获取中,太阳光度计观测是一种重要手段,遥感正成为研究气溶胶越来越重要的途径。 相似文献
2.
相对辐射定标是获得各类光学遥感卫星传感器的高精度观测产品的必备条件,由于受发射震动、在轨空间环境变化等因素以及传感器自身衰减的影响,传感器在轨响应状态会随时间发生衰减和漂移,单一相对辐射定标方法无法保障卫星传感器在特定时间的探元响应一致性。本文以光学卫星传感器全生命周期影像辐射质量保障为目标,主要研究了光学卫星传感器在轨生命周期内高频率、高定标精度的常态化相对辐射定标方法,并总结了当前常用的相对辐射定标精度评估方法,评估了各定标方法的指标以及应用场景。利用珞珈一号01星（LJ1-01）夜光传感器获取的影像进行在轨暗电流、和在轨均匀场地定标实验和验证,珠海一号02组高光谱卫星影像被用来实施和验证统计定标和偏航辐射定标方法,并耦合多种定标方法实现常态化辐射定标。实验结果表明：各种定标方法处理后影像的条纹系数小于0.25%,图像相对标准差均优于3.00%;多种定标方法相互结合的常态化辐射定标方法实现了多种定标方法的优势最大化,完成常见传感器的高精度在轨标定。 相似文献
3.
青海三江源区是长江、黄河、澜沧江3大河流的发源地。草地是该区域的主体生态系统,高寒草甸是其主要类型。近30年来,三江源地区草地发生了大面积的退化,不同退化程度的高寒草甸光谱特征是高寒草甸遥感分类和退化监测的重要依据。2009年8月作者在青海省三江源区对高山嵩草、矮嵩草和藏嵩草3种未退化高寒草甸,以及4种不同退化程度的高山嵩草草甸,进行了地面光谱测量和草地样方调查。同时对实测光谱曲线进行了比较,提取和分析了它们在557nm、675nm和760nm处反射率,以及"红边"斜率。结果表明,3种高寒草甸的光谱曲线,以及4种退化程度高寒草甸和未退化高寒草甸的光谱曲线在557nm处的反射率差异较小,在675nm和760nm处的反射率及"红边"斜率存在明显差异,能有效区分高寒草甸,可为高寒草甸遥感自动分类和退化监测提供依据。不同退化程度的高寒草甸地上生物量与其光谱曲线的"红边"斜率和归一化植被指数(NDVI)线性拟合的确定系数分别为0.93和0.87,其相关性较好,可用于高寒草甸地上生物量的估算。本文提取的光谱反射率的"红边"斜率不仅能有效区分3种典型高寒草甸和不同退化程度的高寒草甸,且与高寒草甸地上生物量的关系优于NDVI,对高寒草甸识别分类,退化监测和生物量估算有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
CBERS-02星CCD波段平均太阳辐照度反演及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星图像波段平均太阳辐照度是计算表观反射率的重要参数。本文采用两种方法对CBERS-02星CCD波段平均太阳辐照度进行了计算,一种方法是利用大气辐射传输软件SBDART模拟大气顶部的太阳光谱曲线,结合CBERS-02星CCD波段响应曲线,计算1～4波段的平均太阳辐照度;另一种方法是用6S模型对波段平均太阳辐照度进行计算。为验证计算结果,用同样的方法,计算了LandsatTM5和ETM的波段平均太阳辐照度,与Landsat公布的数据进行对比,结果表明,用模拟的太阳光谱曲线的计算结果更准确。以2005年8月24日的一景图像为例,计算了图像的表观反射率,经6S模型大气校正后,反演了地表反射率,与地面实测的地表反射率进行了对比,除第四波段误差为4%外,其余1～3波段误差仅为0.01%。 相似文献
5.
铅污染水稻的冠层高光谱特征研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
本研究通过铅污染土壤中的水稻盆钵栽培试验,考察了水稻对土壤重金属铅的吸收以及铅对水稻生长的胁迫,并借助地面高光谱辐射仪器获取多个生育期（苗期、分蘖前期、分蘖盛期、拔节期和孕穗期）的水稻冠层高光谱反射数据。在进行光谱测量的同时测定了水稻植株体内的铅含量与冠层叶片叶绿素含量。分析结果表明:铅污染胁迫下水稻冠层叶片叶绿素含量与叶绿素a、b组成变化明显,可见光区间520nm～560nm和630nm～690nm处是铅污染水稻对冠层反射高光谱敏感的特征波段。通过模拟高光谱分辨率遥感传感器MODIS的相应波段（第4通道:545nm～564nm、第1通道附近:620nm～670nm）以及考虑叶绿素的荧光特征（760nm）,本研究分别选择敏感波段中的552nm,672nm与760nm构造了复合归一化污染指数CNDPI（Compos-ite Normalized Difference Pollution Index）,分析发现CNDPI能够明显地区分不同铅污染水平的水稻。在分蘖前期采用适当的冠层光谱反射率形式（敏感波段、CNDPI）可以实现水稻铅污染的遥感监测。 相似文献
6.
SPOT数据反演地物辐射亮度和反射率的基础研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以往用户对于SPOT卫星数据的应用主要针对其高空间分辨率的特性,但是因SPOT卫星传感器的波段数和波长范围有限,故利用SPOT数据进行定量遥感分析(如地物辐射亮度及反射率)的应用研究较少。然而,利用SPOT数据进行地物辐射亮度和反射率的测量也有其高空间分辨率的优势,可以更精细地分辨各类地物的细节,降低混合像元对于定标分析的影响,提高定量遥感分析的准确度。本文将就SPOT数据的辐射校正原理及其在反演地物辐射亮度和反射率方面的应用开展基础性研究,对于SPOT卫星数据的定标参数读取提供了相应的方法,选取了几种比较典型的地物进行数据分析,并利用Landsat-7数据作为参考,评价SPOT数据测量地物辐射参数的可靠性和应用效果。 相似文献
7.
ERA5地表下行太阳短波辐射数据是欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）最新的,具有高时空分辨率的再分析产品,该短波辐射产品可作为陆面模式大气强迫数据之一,并在区域气候评估、农业以及太阳能资源等方面具有重要应用。本文利用中国区域2011—2018年经过质控的91个国家级地面辐射站点观测数据,对其在中国大陆地区的适用性进行多时空尺度的评估,并与ERA-Interim、CFSR、MERRA2共3套全球大气再分析产品和1套CERES卫星反演SYN1deg的产品进行了比较。结果表明：① 在月均值尺度上,与其他再分析产品比较,ERA5产品与站点数据的Corr最高（0.939）,RMSE最小（28.309 W/m2）,Bias（15.4 W/m2）略大于ERA-Interim产品（13.2 W/m2）;CERES卫星反演产品与站点数据的Corr为0.955,RMSE为20.042 W/m2,Bias为5.3 W/m2;② 5套产品的辐射值均高于地面观测数据,存在高估现象,总体上,ERA5产品在中国大陆地区的整体精度高于其他再分析产品,但与CERES卫星反演产品还存在一定差距,日均值比较结论亦具有相似规律。③ 分区评估结果表明在再分析产品中,ERA5产品在4个区域与观测数据都有更好的一致性,但5套产品均在南部区域表现不佳。并且与东北和北部区域相比,ERA5产品和CERES卫星反演产品在西部区域和观测数据相比的RMSE和Bias也相对偏大。 相似文献
8.
田明远 《成都信息工程学院学报》1987,(1)
地球臭氧层是距地面约20—25公里高度范围大气平流层内臭氧含量相对集中的一个层,它的平均浓度按体积比只占大气百万分之三左右,臭氧浓度不仅随高度有一定特征分布,随地区、季节、纬度也有很大变化。大气中臭氧量虽极微,但其作用却很大,它有较强的吸收太阳辐射中短波(λ<0.32微米)紫外线的能力,对波长小于0.29微米的紫外辐射则完全吸收,因而大部分紫外线被截留在大气上层。设想失去臭氧层的屏蔽,地球上一切生物暴露在杀伤力很强的太阳短波辐射下,后果将是毁灭性的。 相似文献
9.
土壤颗粒大小差异使土壤反射光谱产生相应变化,影响土壤有机质含量等属性的光谱预测精度。本研究准备了颗粒粒径分别为2、0.25和0.15mm的土样,测定土壤有机质(Soil Organic Matter,SOM)含量,并于室内模拟条件下测定其反射光谱。通过分析不同粒径土样的原始(Raw)、多次散射校正(Multiple scattering correction, Msc)、一阶微分(First derivative, Fd)、连续统去除(Continuum removal, Cr)光谱与SOM含量之间的关系,筛选出与SOM含量相关性最强的Fd光谱单波段(2250nm, r=0.82, P<0.01),并建立线性回归模型;利用全波段光谱反射率,以偏最小二乘回归(Partial least square regression, PLSR)方法,确立2mm土样Msc处理光谱的PLSR模型为最优模型(RPD=3.56、R2=0.90、RMSEP=1.96g/kg)。土壤颗粒粒径对土壤光谱反射率变化有明显影响,但二者之间并非简单的线性关系,可能存在一个转折点;单变量(单波段光谱反射率)线性回归模型的预测能力,明显低于全波段反射光谱(Msc处理)-PLSR模型;土样样本容量对SOM含量预测精度有显著影响。因此,根据样本容量大小,选择合适的土壤颗粒粒径与光谱预处理方法组合可以提高预测精度。 相似文献
10.
《广东海洋大学学报》2016,(3)
在实验室条件下设置380~410、430~460、530~560、610~640 nm等4种波长,以及60、120、180、240、300、360μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)等6组梯度光子照度,分别观察单枝霜鹿角珊瑚在不同光谱波长、光子照度条件下珊瑚的生长特性和代谢水平。结果表明:光子照度240μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)的不同光谱条件下,霜鹿角珊瑚平均生长率(G)、单位面积叶绿素含量(Nchl-a)、蛋白质(ω_P)、脂质(ω_L)、碳水化合物(ω_C)质量分数变化呈显著性差异(P0.05),除ω_C以外,均在波长530~640 nm光谱光照条件下达到最大值,其中ω_L是ω_P和ω_C的10倍以上;不同光谱、光子照度梯度条件下,光照条件下的钙化率(G_L)、净光合作用效率(P_N)、总光合作用效率(P_G)差异具统计学意义(P0.05),在一定范围内,G_L、P_G、P_N随着光子照度增强而升高,当光子照度超过光合效率光饱和值时,停止升高或开始降低;G_L/G_D和G_L/P_G值也随着光子照度增强而升高,变化范围分别在1.51~7.05、0.26~0.69之间,但P_G/P_N值随着光子照度增强而降低,变化范围在0.69~7.38之间。 相似文献
11.
Evaluation of spectral scale effects in estimation of vegetation leaf area index using spectral indices methods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Spectral index methodology has been widely used in Leaf Area Index (LAI) retrieval at different spatial scales. There are differences in the spectral response of different remote sensors and thus spectral scale effect generated during the use of spectral indices to retrieve LAI. In this study, PROSPECT, leaf optical properties model and Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Layers (SAIL) model, were used to simulate canopy spectral reflectance with a bandwidth of 5 nm and a Gaussian spectral response function was employed to simulate the spectral data at six bandwidths ranging from 10 to 35 nm. Additionally, for bandwidths from 5 to 35 nm, the correlation between the spectral index and LAI, and the sensitivities of the spectral index to changes in LAI and bandwidth were analyzed. Finally, the reflectance data at six bandwidths ranging from 40 to 65 nm were used to verify the spectral scale effect generated during the use of the spectral index to retrieve LAI. Results indicate that Vegetation Index of the Universal Pattern Decomposition (VIUPD) had the highest accuracy during LAI retrieval. Followed by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Simple Ratio Indices (MSRI) and Triangle Vegetation Index (TVI), although the coefficient of determination R 2 was higher than 0.96, the retrieved LAI values were less than the actual value and thus lacked validity. Other spectral indices were significantly affected by the spectral scale effect with poor retrieval results. In this study, VIUPD, which exhibited a relatively good correlation and sensitivity to LAI, was less affected by the spectral scale effect and had a relatively good retrieval capability. This conclusion supports a purported feature independent of the sensor of this model and also confirms the great potential of VIUPD for retrieval of physicochemical parameters of vegetation using multi-source remote sensing data. 相似文献
12.
Chao Zhan Junbao Yu Qing Wang Yunzhao Li Di Zhou Qinghui Xing Xiaojing Chu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2017,27(6):934-947
Accurate assessment of surface suspended sediment concentration(SSSC) in estuary is essential to address several important issues: erosion, water pollution, human health risks, etc. In this study, an empirical cubic retrieval model was developed for the retrieval of SSSC from Yellow River Estuary. Based on sediments and seawater collected from the Yellow River and southeastern Laizhou Bay, SSSC conditions were reproduced in the laboratory at increasing concentrations within a range common to field observations. Continuous spectrum measurements of the various SSSCs ranging from 1 to 5700 mg/l were carried out using an Ava Field-3 spectrometer. The results indicated the good correlation between water SSSC and spectral reflectance(Rrs) was obtained in the spectral range of 726–900 nm. At SSSC greater than 2700 mg/L, the 740–900 nm spectral range was less susceptible to the effects of spectral reflectance saturation and more suitable for retrieval of high sediment concentrations. The best correlations were obtained for the reflectance ratio of 820 nm to 490 nm. Informed by the correlation between Rrs and SSSC, a retrieval model was developed(R2 = 0.992). The novel cubic model, which used the ratio of a near-infrared(NIR) band(740–900 nm) to a visible band(400–600 nm) as factors, provided robust quantification of high SSSC water samples. Two high SSSC centers, with an order of 103 mg/l, were found in the inversion results around the abandoned Diaokou River mouth, the present Yellow River mouth to the abandoned Qingshuigou River mouth. There was little sediment exchange between the two high SSSC centers due to the directions of the residual currents and vertical mixing. 相似文献
13.
针对目前国产卫星对气溶胶遥感监测应用较少的情况,本研究综合暗象元和SARA算法优势,基于FY-3D MERSI2数据构建了一套气溶胶光学厚度(Aerial Optical Depth, AOD)快速遥感反演方法。首先,引入了传统暗象元算法中的地表反射率经验关系,然后利用AERONET长时间序列的地基观测数据,构建了红波段和蓝波段气溶胶光学厚度、不对称因子和单次散射率之间的关系,最后利用MOD04和AERONET的AOD产品对研究反演结果进行了验证和评估分析。结果发现：① 本研究反演的AOD不仅保持了与MODIS的气溶胶产品空间分布的一致性,而且合理地呈现了AOD的高值分布,改进了MOD04气溶胶产品在云和亮目标方面反演缺失问题;② 利用AERONET地基观测结果对本研究获取的MERSI2的AOD反演结果进行了对比分析,发现二者具有较高的线性相关性,蓝波段AOD线性相关系数超过0.85;③ 利用MERSI2数据完整地捕捉到了2018年3月9—14日京津冀及周边区域的一次重污染过程中气溶胶时空分布变化情况,这也说明了FY3D卫星具备良好的气溶胶遥感监测能力,为我国灰霾监测和预警提供参考依据。本研究对大力发展国产卫星在大气环境遥感的应用有重要参考意义。 相似文献
14.
Earthquake-induced potential landslides are commonly estimated using landslide susceptibility maps. Nevertheless, the fault location is not identified and the ground motion caused by it is unavailable in the map. Thus, potential coseismic landslides for a specific fault motion-induced earthquake could not be predicted using the map. It is meaningful to incorporate the fault location and ground motion characteristics into the landslide predication model. A new method for a specific fault motion-induced coseismic landslide prediction model using GIS (Geographic Information System) is proposed herein. Location of mountain ridges, slope gradients over 45 o , PVGA (Peak Vertical Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.15 g, and PHGA (Peak Horizontal Ground Accelerations) exceeded 0.25 g of slope units were representing locations that initiated landslides during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. These coseismic landslide characteristics were used to identify areas where landslides occurred during Meishan fault motion-induced strong ground motions in Chiayi County in Taiwan. The strong ground motion (over 8 Gal in the database, 1 Gal = 0.01 m/s 2 , and 1 g = 981 Gal) characteristics were evaluated by the fault length, site distance to the fault, and topography, and their attenuation relations are presented in GIS. The results of the analysis show that coseismic landslide areas could be identified promptly using GIS. The earthquake intensity and focus depth have visible effects on ground motion. The shallower the focus depth, the larger the magnitude increase of the landslides. The GIS-based landslide predication method is valuable combining the geomorphic characteristics and ground motion attenuation relationships for a potential region landslide hazard assessment and in disaster mitigation planning. 相似文献
15.
光学遥感大气订正模型及其相关问题分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
首先说明了大气的影响作用和大气订正的必要性。接着总结了大气订正的基本问题:侧重分析了大气订正的模型和反演方法;还包括大气、气溶胶参数的反演;辐射传输软件用于大气订正函数的计算;邻近效应的处理;查找表的创建;大气订正的精度分析等。 相似文献
16.
Si Chen Kai Zhao Tao Jiang Xiaofeng Li Xingming Zheng Xiangkun Wan Xiaowei Zhao 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2018,28(6):986-997
Soil surface roughness, denoted by the root mean square height(RMSH), and soil moisture(SM) are critical factors that affect the accuracy of quantitative remote sensing research due to their combined influence on spectral reflectance(SR). In regards to this issue, three SM levels and four RMSH levels were artificially designed in this study; a total of 12 plots was used, each plot had a size of 3 m × 3 m. Eight spectral observations were conducted from 14 to 30 October 2017 to investigate the correlation between RMSH, SM, and SR. On this basis, 6 commonly used bands of optical satellite sensors were selected in this study, which are red(675 nm), green(555 nm), blue(485 nm), near infrared(845 nm), shortwave infrared 1(1600 nm), and shortwave infrared 2(2200 nm). A negative correlation was found between SR and RMSH, and between SR and SM. The bands with higher coefficient of determination R~2 values were selected for stepwise multiple nonlinear regression analysis. Four characterized bands(i.e., blue, green, near infrared, and shortwave infrared 2) were chosen as the independent variables to estimate SM with R~2 and root mean square error(RMSE) values equal to 0.62 and 2.6%, respectively. Similarly, the four bands(green, red, near infrared, and shortwave infrared 1) were used to estimate RMSH with R~2 and RMSE values equal to 0.48 and 0.69 cm, respectively. These results indicate that the method used is not only suitable for estimating SM but can also be extended to the prediction of RMSH. Finally, the evaluation approach presented in this paper highly restores the real situation of the natural farmland surface on the one hand, and obtains high precision values of SM and RMSH on the other. The method can be further applied to the prediction of farmland SM and RMSH based on satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) optical imagery. 相似文献
17.
遥感水深反演具有非接触测量和省时省力等优点,能够为航海、岛礁工程与珊瑚礁生态调查等活动提供重要参考。随着高光谱遥感卫星数量的增长,基于高光谱遥感影像的水深反演具有良好的发展与应用潜力。HOPE（Hyperspectral Optimization Process Exemplar）算法是比较常用的高光谱水深反演算法。鉴于HOPE算法在低遥感反射率海域会出现水深被高估的问题,本文基于Hyperion高光谱遥感影像提出一种改进的水深反演算法。该算法针对危险或难以到达海域往往具有水体光学性质较为均一的特点,利用深水区遥感反射率的观测值来估计整个研究区域内的水体光学性质参数并将其固定,以便减少未知参数数量,解决水深被高估的问题,最终达到提高水深反演整体精度的目的。塞班岛和中业岛的实验结果表明,改进算法能够有效克服常规HOPE算法在低遥感反射率水域高估水深的问题。改进算法能够将平均遥感反射率小于0.0075sr-1（塞班岛）和0.001 sr-1（中业岛）范围内的水域的水深反演平均绝对误差从常规HOPE算法的2.94 m和6.44 m分别降低至2.56 m和4.99 m,从而能够相应地将整体的均方根误差从3.18 m和5.39 m分别降低至2.30 m和3.32 m,而将整体的平均相对误差从32.4%和27.1%分别降低至30.6%和23.9%。因此,改进算法在提高卫星高光谱遥感影像水深反演效果方面具有可行性和有效性。 相似文献
18.
1 INTRODUCTION The Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are typical coastal Case-II waters with high sediment load and complicate optical properties. The total absorption coefficient of sea water is one of the main parameters influencing the calculation of o… 相似文献
19.
Magnetic properties of tree leaves and their significance in atmospheric particle pollution in Linfen City, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Fifty-one tree leaves were sampled in the industrial area,residential area,and Fenhe River ecological zone,for the purpose of a magnetic study on atmospheric pollution in Linfen City,Shanxi Province,China.Measurements of mass-specific magnetic susceptibility(χ) show a significant variation range(from 11.6 × 10-8 m3/kg to 129.7 × 10-8 m3/kg).Overall values of magnetic susceptibility decline in the following sequence:industrial area > residential area > Fenhe River ecological zone.The relatively elevated concentration-related magnetic parameters(saturation isothermal remanent magnetization,anhysteretic remanent magnetization and magnetic susceptibility) appear in the industrial area,with their highest values in the vicinity of Linfen Steel Mill.Magnetic particles are dominated by multidomain,magnetite-like minerals.Magnetic particle concentration and grain size both decrease with the increasing distance from industrial area,indicating the industrial area,especially Linfen Steel Mill,is the main source of atmospheric particle pollution.Residential area and Fenhe River ecological zone are also affected by industrial emission to a certain extent.The results of this study indicate that magnetic measurements of tree leaves are practicable for monitoring and determination of atmospheric pollution in Linfen City. 相似文献
20.
气溶胶光学厚度作为描述气溶胶光学特性的重要参数之一, 被广泛应用于空气质量监测及辐射传输模型的大气订正等研究中。卫星遥感可快速反演获取大范围气溶胶信息, 但其产品通常因云覆盖或暗目标算法等原因而存在空间覆盖率较低的问题, 且产品时相受限于卫星过境时间。水平能见度作为描述气溶胶光学特性的另一重要参数, 由分布广泛的气象台站一日8 次固定时间多次发布。建立水平能见度与气溶胶光学厚度的转换关系, 可实现对卫星反演气溶胶光学厚度的有益补充。本文利用2001-2009 年的MODIS气溶胶光学厚度产品与中国华东地区71 个气象台站的水平能见度数据, 对描述两者转换关系的Peterson 模型进行区域优化。采用分区域高斯曲线拟合的方法, 对影响转换精度的主要参数气溶胶标高随时间变化规律开展研究和模拟。利用2010 年数据对优化模型进行精度及区域适用性验证。结果表明, 优化后模型的气溶胶光学厚度估算均方根误差为0.31, 低于原模型误差;精度基本上与单站点优化模型一致, 但在实用性方面优于单站点优化模型。 相似文献