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1.
Heavy metal concentrations and their possible sources in paddy soils of a modern agricultural zone,southeastern China 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
In a typical modern agricultural Zone of southeastern China, Haining City, 224 topsoil samples were collected from paddy fields
to measure the total concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), arsenic
(As) and cobalt (Co). The total concentrations ranged from 15.30 to 78.40 mg kg−1 for Cu, 20.10 to 41.40 mg kg−1 for Pb, 54.98 to 224.4 mg kg−1 for Zn, 0.04 to 0.24 mg kg−1 for Cd, 54.90 to 197.1 mg kg−1 for Cr, 0.03 to 0.61 mg kg−1 for Hg, 3.44 to 15.28 mg kg−1 for As, and 7.17 to 19.00 mg kg−1 for Co. Chemometric techniques and geostatistics were utilized to quantify their spatial characteristics and define their
possible sources. All eight metals had a moderate spatial dependency except that Pb had a strong spatial dependency. Both
factor analysis and cluster analysis successfully classified the eight metals into three groups or subgroups, the first group
included Cu, Zn and Cr, the second group included Cd, As and Co, and the last group included Pb and Hg. The Cu, Zn and Cr
concentrations in majority samples were higher than their local background concentrations and they were highly correlated
(r > 0.80), indicating that they had similar pollution source and anthropic factor controlled their spatial distribution; the
Cd, As and Co concentrations in majority samples were lower than their local background concentrations, indicating that the
source of these elements was mainly controlled by natural factors; the mean concentration of Pb exhibited generally low level,
close to its local background concentration, the Hg concentration in about half of samples was higher than its local background
concentration, and they were poor correlated with the other metals, indicating that the source of Pb and Hg was common controlled
by natural factor and anthropic factor. 相似文献
2.
Mobility and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Xiamen Bay and its adjacent areas,China 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Xiamen Bay (XMB) has received substantial loadings of pollutants from industrial and municipal wastewater discharged since
the 1980s. To assess ecological risks and the current spatial changes of metal contaminants in bottom surface sediments, 12
samples were collected. Samples were subjected to a total digestion technique and analyzed by ICP–OES for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr,
and Cd, and by AFS for Hg and As. Among these metals, Zn had the highest values (68–268 mg kg−1), followed by Pb (27–71 mg kg−1), and lower concentrations were found for Cd (42–1,913 μg kg−1) and Hg (0–442 μg kg−1). In comparison with the average crustal abundance values, the results indicated that nearly half of the sediment samples
of XMB and its adjacent areas were contaminated by Cd, Pb, Zn, and As. Furthermore, based on the modified BCR sequential extraction
procedure, the chemical speciation of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg, and As) in selected sediment samples were evaluated
in this study. Data from BCR sequential extractions indicated that Cd posed a medium ecological risk, whereas, Cr posed low
risk since its exchangeable and carbonate fractions were below 4%, and the mobility of heavy metals in XMB decreased in the
order Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Hg > As > Cr. By applying mean effects range median quotients (mERMQ), the results showed that Yuandang
Lagoon with mERMQ value >0.5 would be expected to have the greatest potential toxic risk in amphipod within XMB and its adjacent
areas. 相似文献
3.
Speciation and phytoavailability of heavy metals in sediments in Nanjing section of Changjiang River 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Heavy metal pollution and their fractionations in the sediments of Changjiang River in Nanjing Reach was monitored for cadmium
(Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu). Moreover, the biological enrichment of metals by riverine plants
was studied. The results demonstrated there were highly significant variations among different sampling stations for the concentrations
of tested metals. The highest range was for Cu (38.8–120.4 mg kg−1), followed by Cr (74.4–120.0 mg kg−1), Zn (80.9–121.1 mg kg−1), Ni (26.0–55.5 mg kg−1), Pb (15.8–46.7 mg kg−1) and Cd (0.28–0.48 mg kg−1). Cd was the element with highest biological enrichment factor (BEF). The highest BEF of Cd in Erigeron bonariensis reached 3.0, indicating a significant Cd enrichment in this aquatic plant. In addition, 60% of Cd was found in reducible
fraction and exchangeable and acid-soluble fraction, which was consistent with its high mobility. The consistency of Cd fraction
in sediment and suspended particle indicated they came from the same source. Accumulated Cd concentration calculated according
to the release curve showed significant relativity with the total Cd concentration in the sediment. 相似文献
4.
Geochemical and statistical approach to evaluate background concentrations of Cd,Cu, Pb and Zn (case study: Eastern Poland) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Wojciech Zgłobicki Lesia Lata Andrzej Plak Marek Reszka 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(2):347-355
An attempt was made to evaluate background concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by means of geochemical and statistical approach.
As many as 753 samples taken from 51 profiles located in Eastern Poland were analysed. For the estimation of geochemical background
values, direct geochemical methods and a statistical analysis for the whole population of samples were applied. Average values
of heavy metal concentration in loess sediments (bedrock) as well as in profiles not affected by human activity were measured.
The iterative 2σ technique and calculated distribution function were chosen as statistical methods. The resulting values (background
concentrations range) were as follows: Cd 0.5–0.9 mg kg−1, Cu 5–16 mg kg−1, Pb 12–26 mg kg−1 and Zn 31–47 mg kg−1. All the methods applied gave similar results. The highest deviation of the background was noted for Cu and the lowest for
Zn. The lowest values of background were obtained for loess sediments and the highest in the case of the multiple 2σ method. 相似文献
5.
Spatial variability of heavy metals in soils across a valley plain in Southeastern China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An investigation was carried out to survey the magnitude and spatial distribution of heavy metals, as well as their relation
with soil series, in a valley plain in Southeastern China. Soil was sampled at 159 sites by combining a squared grid and nested
sampling strategies along the transect perpendicular to the Qujiang River in Zhejiang Province, China. Total concentrations
of six metals, namely Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, were measured. Classical statistics and geostatistics were used to quantify
their spatial characteristics. There was a considerable variation in many of these parameters. The total concentrations ranged
from 6.8 to 29.3 mg kg−1 for Cu, 6,784 to 18,678 mg kg−1 for Fe, 94 to 385 mg kg−1 for Mn, 6.1 to 20.3 mg kg−1 for Ni, 25.0 to 49.5 mg kg−1 for Pb, and 12 to 160 mg kg−1 for Zn. Pearson correlation coefficients among total metal concentrations and selected soil properties showed a number of
strong associations. By virtue of analysis of variance, a predominant influence of soil series on the spatial variability
of metal concentrations was observed. All metals were spatially correlated. The semivariograms of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn were
dominated by short range correlation (600 or 700 m), and that of Pb by long range (1200 m). Block kriging maps of total metal
concentrations and soil properties showed strip distributions, perpendicular to the river, in the manner similar to the soil
series. Principal component analysis was run to identify common distribution patterns of heavy metals and soil properties.
These results illustrate that soil series information of valley plain may be useful for developing management zones for site-specific
agriculture. 相似文献
6.
Trace metals (Cd,Pb, Cu,Zn and Ni) in sediment of the submarine pit Dragon ear (Soline Bay,Rogoznica, Croatia) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vertical profiles of trace metal (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni) concentrations, organic matter content, carbonate content and granulometric
composition were determined in two sediment cores from the submarine pit Dragon Ear (Middle Adriatic). Concentrations of the
analyzed metals (Cd: 0.06–0.12 mg kg−1, Pb: 28.5–67.3 mg kg−1, Zn: 17.0-65.4 mg kg−1, Cu: 21.1–51.9 mg kg−1, Ni: 27.8–40.2 mg kg−1) were in usual range for Adriatic carbonate marine sediments. Nevertheless, concentrations of Cu, Zn, and especially Pb in
the upper layer of sediments (top 12 cm) were higher than in bottom layer, while Cd and Ni concentration profiles were uniform.
Regression analysis and principal component analysis were used to interpret distribution of trace metals, organic matter and
carbonate content in sediment cores. Results of both analysis showed that concentrations of all trace metals in the core below
the entrance to the pit were significantly positively correlated with organic matter and negatively correlated with carbonate,
while in the core more distant from the entrance only Pb showed significant positive correlation with organic matter. Obtained
results indicated that, except for lead which was enriched in surface sediment, in the time of sampling (before the building
of the nautical marina) investigated area belonged to unpolluted areas. 相似文献
7.
Hyperaccumulation of lead,zinc, and cadmium in plants growing on a lead/zinc outcrop in Yunnan Province,China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A field survey was conducted to identify potential hyperaccumulators of Pb, Zn or Cd in the Beichang Pb/Zn mine outcrop in
Yunnan Province, China. The average total concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in the soils were up to 28,438, 5,109, and 52 mg kg−1, respectively. A total of 68 plant species belonging to 60 genera of 37 families naturally colonizing the outcrop were recorded.
According to metal accumulation in the plants and translocation factor (TF), Silene viscidula was identified as potential hyperaccumulator of Pb, Zn, and Cd with mean shoot concentrations of 3,938 mg kg−1 of Pb (TF = 1.2), 11,155 mg kg−1 of Zn (TF = 1.8) and 236 mg kg−1 of Cd (TF = 1.1), respectively; S. gracilicanlis (Pb 3,617 mg kg−1, TF = 1.2) and Onosma paniculatum (Pb 1,837 mg kg−1, TF = 1.9) were potential Pb hyperaccumulators. Potentilla griffithii (Zn 8,748 mg kg−1, TF = 1.5) and Gentiana sp. (Zn 19,710 mg kg−1, TF = 2.7) were potential Zn hyperaccumulators. Lysimachia deltoides (Cd 212 mg kg−1, TF = 3.2) was a potential Cd hyperaccumulator. These new plant resources could be used to explore the mechanisms of Pb,
Zn and/or Cd hyperaccumulation, and the findings could be applied for the phytoremediation of Pb, Zn and/or Cd-contaminated
soils. 相似文献
8.
We studied the mobility of silver, heavy metals and europium in waste from the Las Herrerías mine in Almería (SE Spain). The
most abundant primary mineral phases in the mine wastes are hematite, hydrohematite, barite, quartz, muscovite, anorthite,
calcite and phillipsite. The minor phase consisted of primary minerals including ankerite, cinnabar, digenite, magnesite,
stannite, siderite and jamesonite, and secondary minerals such as glauberite, szomolnokite, thenardite and uklonscovite. The
soils show high concentrations of Ag (mean 21.6 mg kg–1), Ba (mean 2.5%), Fe (mean 114,000 mg kg–1), Sb (mean 342.5 mg kg–1), Pb (mean 1,229.8 mg kg–1), Zn (mean 493 mg kg–1), Mn (mean 4,321.1 mg kg–1), Cd (mean 1.2 mg kg–1) and Eu (mean 4.0 mg kg–1). The column experiments showed mobilization of Ag, Al, Ba, Cu, Cd, Eu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, Pb and Zn, and the inverse modelling
showed that the dissolution of hematite, hausmannite, pyrolusite and anglesite can largely account for the mobilization of
Fe, Mn and Pb in the leaching experiment. The mobility of silver may be caused by the presence of kongsbergite and chlorargyrite
in the waste, while the mobility of Eu seems to be determined by Eu(OH)3, which controls the solubility of Eu in the pH–Eh conditions of the experiments. The mineralogy, pH, Eh and geochemical composition
of the mine wastes may explain the possible mobilization of heavy metals and metalloids. However, the absence of contaminants
in the groundwater may be caused by the carbonate-rich environment of “host-rocks” that limits their mobility. 相似文献
9.
Immobilization of heavy metals in a contaminated soil in Iran using di-ammonium phosphate,vermicompost and zeolite 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Fractionation of heavy metals (HMs) in amended soils is needed to predict elemental mobility in soil and phytoavailability
to plants. A study was conducted to determine the effects of different amendments on HMs availability and their redistribution
among soil fractions. A contaminated soil was selected from around a Zn mine and amended with 0, 2, 4, and 6 g kg−1 of vermicompost (VC), zeolite (ZE), and di-ammonium phosphate (DP) and incubated at field moisture. The amounts of Cd, Pb,
Zn, and Cu were determined from the soil after 6 months of incubation time using DTPA and sequential extraction procedures.
The total concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu were 41, 3,099, 1,997, and 83 mg kg−1 of soil, respectively. All amendments decreased significantly [probability (p) ≤ 0.05] DTPA-extractable Cd, Pb, and Cu, but not Zn, in the soil. For instance, DTPA-extractable Cd, Pb, and Cu decreased
by 40, 290, and 20%, respectively, and that of Zn increased by 18% with DP1 (2 g kg−1 of di-ammonium phosphate) application. The concentrations of Pb and Cd decreased mainly in the specifically sorbed (SS) but
increased in the amorphous Fe oxide (AFeO) fraction with DP application, indicating redistribution of Pb and Cd in the fractions
with less mobility. Lead immobilization by DP was mainly attributed to the P-induced formation of chloropyromorphite, which
was identified in the DP treatment using X-ray diffraction technique. It was concluded that DP was the most effective amendment
in immobilizing Pb and Cd, though it increased Zn mobility. 相似文献
10.
Heavy metals pollution in the soil of an irregular urban settlement built on a former dumpsite in the city of Tijuana, Mexico 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Eustorgio C. Nava-Martínez Enrique Flores-García Heriberto Espinoza-Gomez Fernando T. Wakida 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(4):1239-1245
The aim of this study was to evaluate soil pollution by heavy metals in an irregular settlement built on a dumpsite. The soil
samples were analyzed for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni. None of the concentrations found for the heavy metals analyzed were higher
than the established Mexican official standards for contaminated soils. The mean concentrations found for the analyzed metals
were as follows: 1.4 mg kg−1 for Cd, 4.7 in mg kg−1 for Cr, 304 mg kg−1 for Cu, 74 mg kg−1 for Pb and 6 mg kg−1 for Ni. The results of the geoacummulation index values show that the site was very polluted with Cu and Pb (class 7), polluted
to strongly polluted with Ni (class 4); moderately polluted to polluted with Cd (class 3), and moderately polluted with Cr
(class 1). The correlation analysis shows a high correlation between Pb and Cu (r
2 = 0.98), which would be explained if the main source of the polluting heavy metals was the result of electrical wire burning
to recover Copper. Principal component analysis shows three principal components. The first main component (PC1) encompasses
Cr, Cd, Pb and Cu. These heavy metals most likely have their origins from the open burning of municipal solid waste, tires
and wire. The other two components are encompassed by Cr (PC2) and Ni (PC3). The sources of these pollutants are more likely
related to the corrosion of junk metal objects and automobile use. 相似文献
11.
P. Conde Bueno E. Bellido J. A. Martín Rubí R. Jiménez Ballesta 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(5):815-824
Mercury (Hg) is one of the elements with increasing environmental significance. A total of 22 samples (soils, rocks and gels)
were collected along a 6 km transect around the Valdeazogues River valley in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Almadén,
Spain). Samples were characterized by different soil types of depositional sequences associated with mining tailings, type
and system tracts: 15 surface soil samples included in the transect; 3 of a Haploxerept soil profile developed on slates;
2 of quartzite and slates rocks (reference rocks in the area). Moreover, two of a gel substance (in the lower tract of the
river). Soil samples were analyzed for Hg, Cu, Ni, Cr, V, Pb, Cd and As, as well as for organic matter, pH abrasion and calcium
carbonate content. All samples were collected from the Almadén mining district. The level of occurrence of the elements (especially
Hg) and the effect of some properties on its concentration distributions were investigated. The total mercury contents varied
in the range 7,315–3.44 mg kg−1. The mean concentration of total mercury in soils and rocks was 477.03 mg kg−1dry mass. This value is very high compared to the regional background value of other areas. Only rarely is it higher than
1%: in one sample (7,315 mg kg−1) it was almost eight times in comparison with the affected zones, with a high value of 1,000 mg kg−1. Significant differences between samples were found in the total content of mercury. A large percentage of the samples registered
detectable levels of V, Cr, Ni, Pb, As and Cu. Cd readings were below the detectable range for all samples tested. Cr mean
concentration was 216.95 mg kg−1 (minimun concentration 86, maximun 358); V mean concentration was 119.09 mg kg−1 (minimun concentration 69, maximun 1,209); As mean concentration was 51.24 mg kg−1 (minimun 13.3 and maximun 319.4); Ni mean concentration was 45.64 mg kg−1 (minimun concentration 21.2 and maximun 125.6); Cu mean concentration was 33.25 mg kg−1 (minimun concentration 19.3 and maximun 135); Pb mean concentration was 15.19 mg kg−1 (minimun 1.12 and maximun 1013). Metal distribution generally showed spatial variability ascribed to significant anthropogenic
perturbation by mining tailing type. Hg showed vertical profile characterized by surface enrichment, with concentrations in
the upper layer (93.7–82.2 mg kg−1 in front of 3.4 of the rock value) exceeding, in several occasions, the background value. The results obtained denote a potential
toxicity of some heavy metals in some of the studied samples. Water-soluble mercury could enter the aquatic system and accumulate
in sediments. Mercury and other heavy metals contamination depended on the duration and intensity of mining activities. 相似文献
12.
Trace elements contamination of agricultural soils affected by sulphide exploitation (Iberian Pyrite Belt,Sw Spain) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Agricultural soils of the Riotinto mining area (Iberian Pyrite Belt) have been studied to assess the degree of pollution by
trace elements as a consequence of the extraction and treatment of sulphides. Fifteen soil samples were collected and analysed
by ICP-OES and INAA for 51 elements. Chemical analyses showed an As–Cu–Pb–Zn association related with the mineralisation of
the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Concentrations were 19–994 mg kg−1 for As, 41–4,890 mg kg−1 for Pb, 95–897 mg kg−1 for Zn and of 27–1,160 mg kg−1 for Cu. Most of the samples displayed concentrations of these elements higher than the 90th percentile of the corresponding
geological dominium, which suggests an anthropogenic input besides the bedrock influence. Samples collected from sediments
were more contaminated than leptosols because they were polluted by leachates or by mining spills coming from the waste rock
piles. The weathering of the bedrock is responsible for high concentrations in Co, Cr and Ni, but an anthropogenic input,
such as wind-blown dust, seems to be indicative of the high content of As, Cu, Pb and Zn in leptosols. The metal partitioning
patterns show that most trace elements are associated with Fe amorphous oxy-hydroxides, or take part of the residual fraction.
According to the results obtained, the following mobility sequence is proposed for major and minor elements: Mn, Pb, Cd, > Zn,
Cu > Ni > As > Fe > Cr. The high mobility of Pb, Cu and Zn involve an environmental risk in this area, even in soils where
the concentrations are not so high. 相似文献
13.
In the area surrounding the El Teniente giant porphyry copper deposit, eight soil sites were sampled at three depth levels
in the summer 2004. The sites were selected for their theoretical potential of being influenced by past SO2 emissions from the smelter and/or seepage from a now idle tailings impoundment. The soil mineralogy, grain size distribution,
total organic matter contents, major element composition, cation exchange capacity, and Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, As and SO4
2− concentrations were determined for all samples after nitric acid extraction and separate leaches by ammonium acetate (pH
7) and sodium acetate (pH 5). For water rinses, only Cu could be determined with the analytical set-up used. Cu and SO4
2− enrichment in topsoils was found at six sites either downwind from the smelter or within the combined influence of the smelter
and the tailings impoundment. Both elements were released partially by ammonium and sodium acetate extractions. Due to the
scarce background trace element concentrations of soil and rock outside the immediate mine area, assessment of trace element
mobility for Mo, Zn, Pb and As was difficult. Arsenic was found to be concentrated in soil horizons with high smectite and/or
organic matter contents. Mo appears to be linked to the presence of windblown tailings sediment in the soils. Mobilization
of Mo, Zn, and As for the acetate extractions was minimal or below the detection limits for the AAS technique used. The presence
of windblown tailings is considered to be an additional impact on the soils in the foothills of the El Teniente compound,
together with the potential of acidity surges and Cu mobilization in topsoils after rainfalls. Two sites located at the western
limit of the former SO2 saturated zone with strongly zeolitized soils and underlying rock did not show any Cu or SO4
2− enrichment in the topsoils, and remaining total trace element concentrations were below the known regional background levels. 相似文献
14.
The Cu–Co–Ni Texeo mine has been the most important source of Cu in NW Spain since Roman times and now, approximately 40,000 m3 of wastes from mine and metallurgical operations, containing average concentrations of 9,263 mg kg−1 Cu, 1,100 mg kg−1 As, 549 mg kg−1 Co, and 840 mg kg−1 Ni, remain on-site. Since the cessation of the activity, the abandoned works, facilities and waste piles have been posing
a threat to the environment, derived from the release of toxic elements. In order to assess the potential environmental pollution
caused by the mining operations, a sequential sampling strategy was undertaken in wastes, soil, surface and groundwater, and
sediments. First, screening field tools were used to identify hotspots, before defining formal sampling strategies; so, in
the areas where anomalies were detected in a first sampling stage, a second detailed sampling campaign was undertaken. Metal
concentrations in the soils are highly above the local background, reaching up to 9,921 mg kg−1 Cu, 1,373 mg kg−1 As, 685 mg kg−1 Co, and 1,040 mg kg−1 Ni, among others. Copper concentrations downstream of the mine works reach values up to 1,869 μg l−1 and 240 mg kg−1 in surface water and stream sediments, respectively. Computer-based risk assessment for the site gives a carcinogenic risk
associated with the presence of As in surface waters and soils, and a health risk for long exposures; so, trigger levels of
these elements are high enough to warrant further investigation. 相似文献
15.
Contamination and potential mobility assessment of heavy metals in urban soils of Hangzhou,China: relationship with different land uses 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Concentration and distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in urban soils of Hangzhou, China, were measured based
on different land uses. The contamination degree of heavy metals was assessed on the basis of pollution index (PI), integrated
pollution index (IPI) and geoaccumulation index (I
geo). The 0.1 mol l−1 HCl extraction procedure and gastric juice simulation test (GJST) were used to evaluate the potential mobility and environmental
risk of heavy metals in urban soils. The average concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in urban soils was measured at 1.2 (with
a range of 0.7–4.6), 52.0 (7.4–177.3), 88.2 (15.0–492.1) and 206.9 (19.3–1,249.2) mg kg−1, respectively. The degree of contamination increased in the order of industrial area (IA) > roadside (RS) > residential and
commercial areas (RC) > public park and green areas (PG). The PIs for heavy metals indicated that there is a considerable
Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn pollution, which originate from traffic and industrial activities. The IPI of these four metals ranged from
1.6 to 11.8 with a mean of 3.5, with the highest IPI in the industrial area. The assessment results of I
geo also supported that urban soil were moderately contaminated with Cd and to a lesser extent also with Cu, Pb and Zn. The IP
and I
geo values reveal the pollution degree of heavy metal was the order of Cd > Pb > Zn ≈ Cu. It was shown that mobility and bioavailability
of the heavy metals in urban soils increased in the order of Cd > Cu > Zn ≈ Pb. Owing to high mobility of Cd and Cu in the
urban soils, further investigations are needed to understand their effect on the urban environment and human health. It is
concluded that industrial activities and emissions from vehicles may be the major source of heavy metals in urban contamination.
Results of this study present a rough guide about the distribution and potential environmental and health risk of heavy metals
in the urban soils. 相似文献
16.
Eleven surface soil samples from calcareous soils of industrial areas in Hamadan Province, western Iran were analyzed for
total concentrations of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb and were sequentially extracted into six fractions to determine the bioavailability
of various heavy metal forms. Total Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu and Pb concentrations of the contaminated soils were 658 (57–5,803), 125.8
(1.18–1,361), 45.6 (30.7–64.4), 29.7 (11.7–83.5) and 2,419 (66–24,850) mg kg−1, respectively. The soils were polluted with Zn, Pb, and Cu to some extent and heavily polluted with Cd. Nickel values were
not above regulatory limits. Copper existed in soil mainly in residual (RES) and organic (OM) fractions (about 42 and 33%,
respectively), whereas Zn occurred essentially as RES fraction (about 69%). The considerable presence of Cd (30.8%) and Pb
(39%) in the CARB fraction suggests these elements have high potential biavailability and leachability in soils from contaminated
soils. The mobile and bioavailable (EXCH and CARB) fractions of Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb in contaminated soils averaged (7.3,
40.4, 16, 12.9 and 40.8%), respectively, which suggests that the mobility and bioavailability of the five metals probably
decline in the following order: Cd = Pb > Ni > Cu > Zn. 相似文献
17.
Mercury and other metal and metalloid soil contamination near a Pb/Zn smelter in east Hunan province, China 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Zhonggen LiXinbin Feng Guanghui LiXiangyang Bi Guangyi SunJianming Zhu Haibo Qin Jianxu Wang 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(2):160-166
The spatial distributions of contaminant metals (Hg, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu) and a metalloid (As) in vegetable plots and paddy fields located near a large scale Pb/Zn smelter in Hunan province, China, were investigated. Soil located 4 km from the smelter was severely contaminated, with maximum concentrations of Hg, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and As as high as 2.89, 1200, 3350, 41.1, 157 and 93 mg kg−1, respectively. Concentrations of soil metal and As decreased with distance in the dominant wind direction. Single-factor assessment indicated pollution levels of Hg, Pb, Zn and Cd were most severe, while pollution levels for Cu and As were less severe. Results from a potential ecological risk assessment indicated high risk associated with the soil within a 4 km radius, with the contribution for each contaminant calculated as follows: Cd (70.0%), Hg (19.4%), Pb (4.8%), As (3.0%), Cu (1.7%) and Zn (1.1%). The forest soil in the nearby city park was also affected by the atmospheric depositions from smelting activities. Soil profiles demonstrated the pollutants were mostly accumulated in the upper 20 cm layer. Contamination of the topsoil with Hg, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and As indicated remediation should be considered. 相似文献
18.
Yongming Han Junji Cao Eric S. Posmentier Kochy Fung Hui Tian Zhisheng An 《Applied Geochemistry》2008
Sixty five urban road dust samples were collected from different land use areas of ∼240 km2 in Xi’an, China. The concentrations of Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb and Zn were determined to investigate potentially harmful element (PHE) contamination, distribution and possible sources. In addition, the concentrations in different size fractions were measured to assess their potential impact on human health. The highest concentrations were found in the fraction with particle diameters between 80 μm and 101 μm, the finest particles (<63 μm) were not the most important carriers for Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. The percentages of these elements in particles with diameters less than 63 μm (PM63) and less than 101 μm (PM101) were in the range of 7–15%, and 30–55%, respectively. Three main factors influencing element distributions have been identified: (a) industrial activities; (b) prior agricultural land use; and (c) other activities commonly found in urban areas, such as traffic, coal combustion, waste dumping, and building construction/renovation. The highest concentrations were found in industrial areas for As (20 mg kg−1), Cr (853 mg kg−1), Cu (1071 mg kg−1), Pb (3060 mg kg−1) and Zn (2112 mg kg−1), and in previous agricultural areas for Ag and Hg, indicating significant contributions from industrial activities and prior agricultural activities. 相似文献
19.
Copper contamination in soils and vegetables in the vicinity of an abandoned copper mine in China was investigated. The Cu
concentrations of 93 soil samples ranged from 30.4 to 3,191 mg kg−1 soil for a mean of 816.8 mg kg−1 soil. Among 15 samples from a 0 to 20-cm soil layer used for the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test,
the highest value of Cu-TCLP was 133.8 mg kg−1 soil and the TCLP values were positively correlated with the total Cu content of the soils. The sequential extraction of
soils in the 0–20-, 20–40-, and 40–60-cm soil layers showed that Cu existed mainly in the Fe–Mn oxide fraction, sulfide/organic
fraction, and residual fraction. The copper contamination of 21 species of vegetables from in situ sampling was also examined.
Cu concentrations in the edible portions of Brassica chinensis and Solanum melongena were higher than the FAO/WHO standard (40 mg kg−1 DW). The health risk of copper for local inhabitants from consuming these vegetables was assessed on the basis of the target
hazard quotient. Enriched concentrations of copper were also found in situ in eight cultivars of B. chinensis planted in the fields, with two levels of Cu concentration. The results showed that there is severe copper contamination
in this mine area, and the pollutant in soils show a high risk of leaching into the groundwater and diffusing through the
food chain. 相似文献
20.
Distribution of some elements in surface soil over the Kavadarci region,Republic of Macedonia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Trajče Stafilov Robert Šajn Blažo Boev Julijana Cvetković Duško Mukaetov Marjan Andreevski Sonja Lepitkova 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(7):1515-1530
The results of a first systematic study of spatial distribution of different elements in surface soil over of the Kavadarci
region, Republic of Macedonia, known for its nickel industrial activity are reported. The investigated region (360 km2) is covered by a sampling grid of 2 × 2 km2; whereas the sampling grid of 1 × 1 km2 was applied in the urban zone and around the ferronickel smelter plant (117 km2). In total 344 soil samples from 172 locations were collected. At each sampling point soil samples were collected at two
depths, topsoil (0–5 cm) and bottom soil (20–30 cm). Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied for
the determination of 36 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mn, Na, Mg, Mo, Ni, P,
Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Th, Tl, Ti, U, V, W and Zn). Data analysis and construction of maps were performed using the Paradox
(ver. 9), Statistica (ver. 6.1), AutoDesk Map (ver. 2008) and Surfer (ver. 8.09) software. Four geogenic and three anthropogenic
geochemical associations were established. Within the research, natural and anthropogenic enrichment with heavy metals was
determined. Principally, the natural enrichment is related especially to Ni. Pollution by As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Pb and
Zn is basically insignificant. 相似文献