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在直升机航空电磁测量时,固定在吊舱内的发射-接收线圈受飞行速度、飞机颠簸、风向等影响,会发生旋转,导致线圈与大地之间的耦合发生变化,给测量的电磁数据带来姿态误差,因此,研究航空线圈姿态校正非常重要.本文在建立吊舱和大地系统双坐标系的基础上,确定了吊舱旋转时,双坐标系之间变量变换的旋转矩阵,推导出层状大地垂直圆线圈姿态变化时航空电磁响应的计算表达式,以及线圈发生摇摆、俯仰旋转时的电磁响应系数,仿真研究了线圈姿态变化对电磁测量的影响,提出了姿态误差的几何校正方法,为航空电磁测量数据的精确处理和解释奠定了理论基础. 相似文献
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航空电磁系统的收发线圈受外界因素影响会发生姿态变化,使测量结果产生一定偏差.传统的数据处理方法考虑姿态变化情况单一,且主要以频率域系统为主,而目前复杂姿态变化对时间域航空电磁系统全时响应的影响尚未有系统研究.本文在前人研究基础上拓宽思路,不仅研究姿态的角度变化,同时改进前人计算方法,研究线圈发生位置变化的影响,并将线圈与大地的耦合感应效应考虑在内.本文通过定义姿态变化前后两种坐标系,确定姿态变化的角度和旋转矩阵,并将一维层状半解析解与姿态角度变化和位置变化进行整合,推导出收发线圈任意姿态变化的表达式.以直升机吊舱分离装置为例,对时间域航空电磁系统收发线圈任意姿态变化进行细致分析.基于重叠偶极子的假设,给出可应用于实际工作中的姿态校正因子,以提高实测数据的处理效率与精度. 相似文献
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采用地面异常线圈对直升机时域航空电磁探测系统进行标定时,发射-接收线圈姿态的变化将导致实测数据产生误差,影响标定的精度.本文基于时间域航空电磁系统,计算了发射-接收线圈姿态任意变化时异常线圈的电磁响应,提出了主成分分析-径向基神经网络(PCA-RBF)的拟合算法,采用主成分分析法提取飞行几何参数的贡献率,利用径向基神经网络法对电磁响应进行了测线剖面的批量数据拟合,并对理论仿真和河南桐柏直升机飞行试验数据进行拟合分析,单一异常体理论数据的绝对误差平均值小于20nV·m-2,双异常体理论数据绝对误差平均值为160nV·m-2.野外实测数据在异常线圈中心位置的拟合相对误差小于1%,整条剖面测线的拟合相对误差小于±6%,平均值为2.5%.结果表明PCA-RBF拟合算法能够较好地实现航空电磁系统飞行参数的拟合,为航空电磁系统海量实测数据的快速处理提供了新方法. 相似文献
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在直升机航空电磁法中,吊舱的姿态变化（如摆动、倾斜、偏航等）会使磁偶极子相对正常飞行时在方向和位置上发生变化,使得接收线圈处的电磁响应产生误差.传统的基于重叠偶极模型的姿态校正方法只考虑了磁偶极子方向上的变化,而忽略了磁偶极子位置上的变化,因此校正效果受到了一定的限制.本文分析了五种不同电性参数的均匀半空间模型中线圈系在姿态变化前后的电磁响应比,进而提出了一种新的姿态校正方法,该方法综合考虑了磁偶极子方向和位置变化对姿态变化前后的电磁响应比的影响,并推导出总姿态变化电磁响应比与方向和位置单独变化时电磁响应比的乘积近似成固定比例关系.为了验证本文提出的总姿态校正方法,本文分别使用本方案及基于重叠偶极模型的姿态校正方法对五组具有代表性的合成数据进行了校正.对比结果表明,本文的总姿态校正方法较之重叠偶极姿态校正方法能较大地提高校正精度. 相似文献
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航空电磁法的探测能力受飞行高度、发射波形、发射磁矩和发射基频等因素的影响,致使不同分量间的勘探能力存在差异.航空电磁如对所有磁场和磁感应分量、on-和off-time数据进行观测和解释,不仅数据量大、耗时长,而且出现大量冗余数据.目前国内针对此问题尚无系统解决方法.本文针对吊舱式直升机航空电磁系统,采用积分方程法求解频率域响应,经汉克尔变换转换到时间域,计算了地下三维目标体的B和dB/dt时间域响应.利用异常体响应与背景场响应作比值,并通过设定响应阀值定义最大勘探深度,进而分析不同发射波形、不同分量以及on-和off-time期间的航空电磁系统的探测能力.基于本文分析手段,可根据实际勘探目标,确定一套探测能力较强的航空电磁最佳参数组合,为野外测量和数据处理提供技术指导,高效完成勘探任务. 相似文献
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在现有计算机内存和运算速度条件下,电性各向异性地层中频率域电磁响应的数值模拟是一个难点. 为探索各向异性介质模型电磁响应的有效算法,同时为进一步研究各向异性地层测量响应的校正方法奠定基础,从Maxwell电磁响应方程出发,使用由三个彼此垂直的发射线圈和三个彼此垂直的接收线圈组成的线圈结构模型,应用交错网格有限差分法推导了三维频率域电磁响应的差分计算格式,采用预条件双共轭梯度法对所形成的复系数矩阵进行了迭代求解,从而得到电性各向异性地层模型下的线圈测量响应. 应用这些方法进行了多种条件下电磁响应的计算,计算结果表明,所形成的计算方法是准确可靠的,预条件双共轭梯度法的运算效率也较高;电性各向异性地层的电磁响应与地层倾角（或井斜角）、仪器测量方位、地层的水平电阻率和垂直电阻率有关;根据水平方向磁场强度分量可以确定地层界面;在电磁响应计算过程中,背景电导率的取值要尽量接近整个计算区域的平均电导率. 相似文献
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全波形时域航空电磁测量具有解释精度高、分辨率高等优点,已成为新一代时域航空电磁探测发展的趋势.为此,本文基于无源有限差分法,将发射电流离散为若干梯形脉冲元,将脉冲元在时间上产生的电磁场转换为空间初始场,在差分迭代过程中分时引入差分方程,逐步将有源有限差分方程转换为无源有限差分方程,最终实现了发射电流为任意波形时,全波形时间域航空电磁响应的三维数值计算.计算结果表明:在梯形波发射时,对于典型地电模型的航空时间域电磁响应,计算稳定时间大于10 ms;与积分方程法相比,发射线圈中心点二次场响应平均误差小于1%.任意源三维全波形数值计算的实现为全波形三维反演和仪器设计奠定了基础. 相似文献
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中心回线式直升机航空瞬变电磁法中因其发射源与接收线圈相对位置不变,故在电导率深度成像(Conductivity Depth Imaging,CDI)中无需考虑偏移距带来的影响,但半航空瞬变电磁法的工作方式是利用长导线源在地面发射,无人机搭载接收线圈在空中采集电磁响应数据,发射源与接收线圈相对位置一直变化,存在偏移距的问题,无法像航空瞬变电磁一样实现CDI快速成像.本文提出建立"库"的思想,根据不同实际情况建立不同的电导率-电磁响应数据网,利用分段二分搜索算法来消除"二值性"带来的问题,使得半航空瞬变电磁电导率深度快速成像(Semi-Airborne Transient Electromagnetic-Conductivity Depth Imaging,SATEM-CDI)方法得以实现.通过正演模拟及实测数据成像分析,表明SATEM-CDI理论简单、处理过程中无需迭代,计算速度快,可对大量半航空瞬变电磁数据进行实时成像,且成像结果可靠,可为反演模型和初步地质结构判断提供重要资料. 相似文献
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Very early times in the order of 2–3 μs from the end of the turn‐off ramp for time‐domain electromagnetic systems are crucial for obtaining a detailed resolution of the near‐surface geology in the depth interval 0–20 m. For transient electromagnetic systems working in the off time, an electric current is abruptly turned off in a large transmitter loop causing a secondary electromagnetic field to be generated by the eddy currents induced in the ground. Often, however, there is still a residual primary field generated by remaining slowly decaying currents in the transmitter loop. The decay disturbs or biases the earth response data at the very early times. These biased data must be culled, or some specific processing must be applied in order to compensate or remove the residual primary field. As the bias response can be attributed to decaying currents with its time constantly controlled by the geometry of the transmitter loop, we denote it the ‘Coil Response’. The modelling of a helicopter‐borne time‐domain system by an equivalent electronic circuit shows that the time decay of the coil response remains identical whatever the position of the receiver loop, which is confirmed by field measurements. The modelling also shows that the coil response has a theoretical zero location and positioning the receiver coil at the zero location eliminates the coil response completely. However, spatial variations of the coil response around the zero location are not insignificant and even a few cm deformation of the carrier frame will introduce a small coil response. Here we present an approach for subtracting the coil response from the data by measuring it at high altitudes and then including an extra shift factor into the inversion scheme. The scheme is successfully applied to data from the SkyTEM system and enables the use of very early time gates, as early as 2–3 μs from the end of the ramp, or 5–6 μs from the beginning of the ramp. Applied to a large‐scale airborne electromagnetic survey, the coil response compensation provides airborne electromagnetic methods with a hitherto unseen good resolution of shallow geological layers in the depth interval 0–20 m. This is proved by comparing results from the airborne electromagnetic survey to more than 100 km of Electrical Resistivity Tomography measured with 5 m electrode spacing. 相似文献
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A novel fixed-source electromagnetic system has been developed. The transmitter is a large rectangular loop or grounded dipole. The transmitted waveform consists of up to five superimposed pure sinusoids at well-separated frequencies. The receiver measures the amplitude and phase at two frequencies from a single receiver coil. The amplitude ratio is routinely calculated. Field trials with both surface and downhole configurations show that the method has advantages over the more traditional frequency-domain Turam type and downhole electromagnetic (DHEM) systems. Among such advantages are the use of a single receiver coil and the removal of noise due to free-space variations in transmitter-receiver geometry. The latter is important for DHEM surveys. In terms of field procedures and quantities measured, the system is similar to time-domain methods. 相似文献
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采用Duhamel积分对斜阶跃电流激励的瞬变电磁场进行直接计算,应用叠加原理得到了多匝小回线全域瞬变电磁响应.研究了多匝小回线的早、晚延时临界条件以及等磁矩单匝大回线与多匝小回线的延时和关断时间特征,分析了电阻率、厚度等参数变化时斜阶跃电流对层状模型瞬变响应的影响特征,最后采用实测数据验证了关断效应的校正效果.结果显示,回线边长越小或表层电阻率越大,瞬变响应越早离开早期并进入晚期.多匝小回线的关断时间远大于等磁矩的单匝大回线,但由前者激发的瞬变响应进入晚期的时间却大幅提前,更有利于晚期条件下各种理论公式的使用.斜阶跃影响校正结果显示,增加多匝小回线的匝数可以扩展反演深度的范围,减少匝数则可以提高反演电阻率的精确性;实测数据处理结果显示校正方法产生了一定的效果.本研究补充了多匝小回线瞬变电磁理论内容,研究结果可以为复杂环境中小尺寸多匝线圈的工作参数选择提供参考. 相似文献
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Cigong Yu Zhihong Fu Huaiqing Zhang Heng‐Ming Tai Xuegui Zhu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2014,62(2):377-384
Distributed parameters of the receiver coils greatly affect transient electromagnetic signals over short time periods, causing a delay in the signal's effective sampling time and the loss of shallow exploration information. This paper investigates the influence of transient process on apparent resistivity calculation and analyses the relations between the error of apparent resistivity and receiver coil design. We find that, under the same effective area, different radii of the receiver coils lead to different levels of impact on the estimation of the apparent resistivity. An optimization model is proposed to determine the optimal receiver coil size that gives rise to the smallest estimation error of the apparent resistivity. The relationship between the optimal radius and the effective areas is developed, which serves as a guideline for the optimal receiver coil design. The results may provide a useful means for improving the accuracy of the small loop transient electromagnetic instrumentation for shallow‐depth mapping. 相似文献