共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
孔槽式圆盘破坏特性与裂纹扩展机制颗粒流分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于室内岩石类脆性材料圆盘试样巴西试验结果,利用颗粒流程序（PFC）,获得一组能够反映其力学特征的细观参数。在此基础上,对孔槽式圆盘试样进行巴西试验模拟,分析了裂隙倾角和半径比变化对孔槽式圆盘试样力学参数和裂纹扩展规律的影响。孔槽式圆盘试样力学参数显著低于完整圆盘试样,降幅与孔槽几何参数密切相关。劈裂荷载随裂隙倾角的增大呈非线性变化,而随着半径比的增大呈近似线性减小规律。通过分析认为,在试验模拟范围内保持半径比不变,当裂隙倾角较小时,孔洞是主裂纹起裂的主要诱因;裂隙倾角较大时,裂隙成为主裂纹起裂的主要诱因。保持裂隙倾角不变,当半径比较小时,裂隙是主裂纹起裂的主要诱因;半径比较大时,孔洞成为主裂纹起裂的主要诱因。最后,从细观层面探讨了孔槽式圆盘试样裂纹扩展机制。 相似文献
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3.
时间延迟对劈裂试验条件下岩石凯塞效应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
验证了粗晶花岗岩在劈裂试验条件下凯塞效应的存在性。进行了循环加卸载时间间隔分别为2、15d和45d时岩石的声发射试验,讨论了时间延迟对花岗岩凯塞效应的影响。研究结果表明,前期荷载越接近极限强度,岩石的凯塞效应越不明显;凯塞效应随再次加载时间延迟的增加而削弱,在对花岗岩的声发射试验中观察到15d以后岩石的凯塞效应仍然很显著,45d后凯塞效应基本消失。文中同时对试件与加载设备之间的接触状态对声发射试验结果的影响作了初步的定性分析。 相似文献
4.
采用自行研制的岩石直接拉伸实验装置,对7种（组）岩石和2组混凝土试样进行了直接拉伸和劈裂法（巴西法）间接拉伸试验。试验结果表明,所有岩石和混凝土试样的劈裂拉伸强度SB均大于直接拉伸强度ST,比值SB/ST的范围,在1.06到1.97之间;直接拉伸强度的偏差系数,通常大于劈裂拉伸强度的偏差系数。根据Sundaram等人对圆盘劈裂试验试样内应力分布的有限元分析的结果,当岩石的拉伸弹模ET小于压缩弹模EC时,试样中实际的应力会与经典弹性力学公式所得结果（EC=ET时的情形）不同,需要进行修正。据此对有关岩石的劈裂拉伸强度进行了修正,并发现,在所试验的岩石中,虽然部分岩石的ET与EC的数值相差不大,其SB/ST比却最高。这说明,拉伸与压缩弹模的差别不是造成两种拉伸强度差别的唯一原因。 相似文献
5.
Sea level measurements along the southeastern Brazilian coast, between 20° S and 30° S, show the effect of the Sumatra Tsunami
of December 26, 2004. Two records from stations, one located inside an estuary and other inside a bay, shows oscillations
of about 0.20 m range; one additional record from a station facing the open sea shows up to 1.2 m range oscillations. These
oscillations have around 45 min period, starting 20–22 h after the Sumatra earthquake in the Indian Ocean (00:59 UTC) and
lasting for 2 days. A computer modelling of the event reproduces the time of arrival of long shallow-water tsunami waves at
the southeastern Brazilian coast but with slight longer period and amplitudes smaller than observed at the coast, probably
due to its coarse resolution (1/4 of a degree). The high amplitudes observed at the coast suggest a mechanism of amplification
of these waves over the southeastern Brazilian shelf. 相似文献
6.
将数字图像技术与Munjiza提出的有限元法-离散元法（FDEM）耦合分析方法结合,研制了可表征岩石真实非均质性的FDEM分析系统,为从细观角度对岩体进行建模以及研究岩体的破裂机制提供了新途径。该系统借助数字图像技术从岩石断面的图像获取岩石材料的真实细观结构,借助成熟的网格剖分技术,将其映射到FDEM计算网格中,从而克服了原有FDEM在考虑材料非均质性所存在的不足。利用该系统,进行了巴西圆盘劈裂试验的数值模拟,再现了花岗岩在荷载作用下的真实破裂过程。数值模拟结果表明,考虑非均质性的岩样应力分布呈现出非对称性,岩石的细观结构对岩石中裂纹的扩展及应力分布有重要影响。 相似文献
7.
Armando Scarparo Cunha Rogério Loureiro Antunes Jackie A. Burnett 《Cretaceous Research》1997,18(6):823-832
Recognition of the Campanian stage on the Brazilian Continental Margin, using calcareous nannofossils, has been historically problematic. This paper constitutes an overview of earlier works, showing how nannofossil biostratigraphic ideas have evolved since Troelsen & Quadros provided the first biozonation of this region in 1971. Recent studied have provided data which have helped to clarify these apparent biostratigraphic problems, and allows this region to be placed in a global biostratigraphic context.The earliest researchers identified the Santonian/Campanian boundary by the last occurrences of ‘Lithastrinus grillii’ andPetrobrasiella venata. P. venatawas later abandoned as an index species due to its rarity and, instead, the last occurrences ofMarthasterites furcatusand ‘Lithastrinus grillii’ became the most-used markers. However, the stratigraphic age of these biohorizons diverged from those quoted in the literature. In the Brazilian basins, these extinctions, rather than having occurred in the Campanian as was recorded elsewhere, were considered to mark the top of the Santonian, as suggested by correlations with other microfossil groups (primarily foraminifera and palynomorphs). To explain this phenomenon, the existence of a condensed sequence was postulated for most of the Brazilian marginal basins, where the uppermost Santonian deposits were apparently indistinguishable from those of the lowermost Campanian. In line with current correlations presented in the nannofossil literature, and with new information obtained from core and side-wall samples, it is now believed that the extinction of these speciesdidoccur in the Campanian in the Brazilian basins, whilst the last occurrence ofLithastrinus moratus(previously misidentified asLithastrinus grillii) has become a useful Santonian marker. Thus the Santonian/Campanian boundary in Brazil lies in a stratigraphic position similar to elsewhere in nannofossil terms, that is below CC18.The Campanian/Maastrichtian boundary was initially characterised in nannofossil terms in Brazil by the last occurrence ofBroinsonia parca constricta, and later by the last occurrence ofEiffellithus eximius. Recently acquired data has shown that the sequence of events in the Brazilian marginal basins is similar to that of the Sissingh/Perch-Nielsen standard biozonation scheme through this interval. Again, correlations in the literature with the recently defined boundary (in macrofossil terms) thus allow the boundary to be determined between the last occurrences ofBroinsonia parca constrictaandUniplanarius trifidus, that is, in CC23b. 相似文献
8.
Caio Vinícius Gabrig Turbay Rangel Marcos Tadeu D’Azeredo Orlando Cláudio De Morisson Valeriano Alexandre de Oliveira Chaves 《International Geology Review》2017,59(15):1966-1973
The Varre-Sai meteorite fell along the border of the states of Espirito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; on 19 June 2010 at 5:40 pm. Petrography and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) indicate that the rock is an L5 S4 chondrite, with blastoporphyritic texture that has not been previously described. Geochemical data based on major and rare-earth elements (REEs) show that Varre-Sai is highly similar to the other L chondrites. In Harker diagrams, Varre-Sai, L, and LL chondrites form a single group, suggesting no significant chemical differences between them and contributing to the long-standing debate of whether LL chondrites form a distinct group or whether they are a subset of the L group. Harker diagrams also define a trend from E to H and L/LL chondrites, similar to the cosmochemical trends suggested by other authors. The behaviour of Fe2O3t and NiO indicates a relationship with Fe-Ni alloys, and their trend in the diagram suggests some chemical differentiation in the ordinary chondrite parental bodies. The REE content in Varre-Sai, normalized to C chondrites, falls in the field of L chondrites and others, but with slight REE enrichment. The chemical differences in chondrites, mainly in REEs, Fe2O3t and NiO could be alternatively interpreted as variations in the inherited agglutinated materials as chondrules, Ca–Al-rich inclusions and Fe–Ni nodules. 相似文献
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Despite a great interest in Brazilian Equatorial Margin exploration, very little was published on the diagenesis of sandstones from that area. A wide recognition petrographic study was performed to identify the major diagenetic processes that impacted the porosity of Lower Cretaceous sandstones of the Pará-Maranhão, São Luís, Bragança-Viseu and Barreirinhas basins. Arkoses from the Pará-Maranhão Basin show neoformed or infiltrated clay coatings, mica replacement and expansion by kaolinite and vermiculite, and precipitation of grain-replacive and pore-filling quartz, kaolinite, albite, chlorite, calcite, dolomite, siderite, pyrite and titanium oxides. Compaction, quartz and calcite cementation were the main porosity-reducing processes. Barreirinhas Basin lithic arkoses and subarkoses display clay coatings, compaction of metamorphic fragments into pseudomatrix, and precipitation of grain-replacive and pore-filling kaolinite, quartz, albite, chlorite, calcite, dolomite, TiO2 and pyrite. The main porosity-reducing processes were calcite cementation in the subarkoses, and compaction and quartz cementation in lithic arkoses. Quartzarenites from this basin were early- and pervasively cemented by dolomite. Arkoses and lithic arkoses of the São Luís and Bragança-Viseu basins show clay coatings, pseudomatrix from mud intraclasts compaction, and precipitation of pore-filling and grain-replacive kaolinite, vermiculite, smectite, quartz, albite, chlorite, illite, calcite, dolomite, hematite, TiO2 and pyrite. Compaction of mud intraclasts and dissolution of feldspars and heavy minerals were the main porosity-modification processes. These preliminary results may contribute to the understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of the diagenetic processes and their impacts on the porosity of the sandstones from these basins. 相似文献
10.
Ana L.Duarte Kátia DaBoit Marcos L.S.Oliveira Elba C.Teixeira Ismael L.Schneider Luis F.O.Silva 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(3):927-939
In Brazil, intense coal exploitation activities have led to environmental deterioration, including soil mortification, water contamination, loss of ecosystem, and atmospheric contamination. In addition,considerable quantities of sulfur-rich residues are left behind in the mining area; these residues pose grave environmental issues as they undergo sulfide oxidation reactions. When sulfur oxides come in contact with water, extreme acid leachate is produced with great proportions of sulfate, and hazardous elements(HEs), which are identified as coal drainage(CMD). CMD is an environmental pollution challenge, particularly in countries with historic or active coal mines. To prevent CMD formation or its migration, the source must be controlled; however, this may not be feasible at many locations. In such scenarios, the mine water should be collected, treated, and discharged. In this study, data from 2005 to2010 was gathered on the geochemistry of 11 CMD discharges from ten different mines. There are several concerns and questions on the formation of nanominerals in mine acid drainage and on their reactions and interfaces. The detailed mineralogical and geochemical data presented in this paper were derived from previous studies on the coal mine areas in Brazil. Oxyhydroxides, sulfates, and nanoparticles in these areas possibly go through structural transformations depending on their size and formation conditions. The geochemistry of Fe-precipitates(such as jarosite, goethite, and hematite) existent in the CMD-generating coal areas and those that could be considered as a potential source of hazardous elements(HEs)(e.g., Cr) were also studied because these precipitates are relatively stable in extremely low pH conditions. To simplify and improve poorly ordered iron, strontium, and aluminum phase characterization, field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction(XRD) and sequential extraction(SE) studies were executed on a set CMD samples from the Brazilian mines. This study aimed to investigate the role of both nanomineral and amorphous phase distribution throughout the reactive coal cleaning rejects profile and HEs removal from the water mine to provide holistic insights on the ecological risks posed by HEs, nanominerals, amorphous phases, and to assess sediments in complex environments such as estuaries. 相似文献
11.
基于不同层理角度的页岩巴西劈裂试验,利用高速摄像系统和声发射系统,对页岩力学特性、裂纹扩展及声发射特征的层理效应进行了深入研究。结果表明：（1）页岩巴西劈裂破坏过程可以分为压密、弹性和破坏3个阶段;（2）页岩抗拉强度、劈裂模量和应力峰值时变形的各向异性特征明显,层理角度 30°时,层理效应最为明显, 90°时影响最小;（3） 0°和 15°时试样的裂纹破坏面基本是沿着层理面, 30°时裂纹面交切层理面,与加载基线面重合, 45°～90°的各试样的断裂面呈不同程度的偏离加载基线面,为弧面或曲面;（4） 30°和 45°为破坏机制转化角,其中 30°为沿着层理面压致性张拉开裂转化为交切层理面开裂的转化角, 45°为交切层理面开裂转化为交切层理面且沿着层理面不同程度的剪切滑移开裂的转化角;（5）声发射活动性和能量释放随层理角度的增加而加强,主要因为受层理角度的影响,其破坏机制不同,这也进一步验证了页岩随层理角度的变化,其破坏机制的各向异性。能率峰值与抗拉强度具有很好的线性关系,表明声发射能率峰值能很好地反映岩石抗拉伸破坏的程度。 相似文献
12.
为分析层理和水对页岩的抗拉强度特性的影响,现场选取龙马溪组黑色页岩制备成4种含水状态含层理页岩,沿与层理呈0°、30°、60°和90°夹角加载进行巴西劈裂圆盘试验,试验过程同步进行声发射测试,并采用离散元软件3DEC对试验结果进行数值模拟验证。结果表明,相比于含层理页岩,同时考虑含水和层理的页岩在巴西劈裂试验中有其独特的破坏模式和力学特性。含层理页岩的巴西劈裂破坏模式和抗拉强度均与层理角度和含水率有关,破坏模式主要受控于层理与荷载的加载方向,水虽不会影响其破坏模式但能够导致次生裂纹的形成。抗拉强度则表现出随层理角度的增加而先减小后增大,随含水率的增加而减小的趋势。并且,在页岩同时受水和层理损伤作用时,受层理损伤程度越大,水对其损伤程度也越高。通过对含层理不同含水率页岩的微观结构分析得到了上述变化规律的内在机制,即页岩层理面处的内部矿物颗粒遇水膨胀,产生膨胀力作用,使页岩内部结构变得松散、破碎,微裂纹逐渐增多、变宽,宏观表现为次生裂纹的增多,矿物颗粒间的黏结力也在水的作用下降低从而使页岩的抗拉强度下降。 相似文献
13.
为了研究径向压缩下圆环试样孔壁处的应力特征,利用厚度为34 mm,外径为50 mm的完整圆盘及不同内径（8～30 mm）的圆环砂岩试样,在巴西劈裂试验中测量孔壁的应变变化,分析试样的力学特性。试验结果表明：圆环试样的峰值载荷随着内径的增大而逐渐减少。圆盘和内径较小的圆环试样达到峰值载荷时出现了失稳破坏,载荷迅速跌落：当内径大于 16 mm,圆环试样达到峰值载荷后,载荷略有下降,但是试样并没有出现失稳破坏,而是持续压缩一定时间后才破裂。圆环最弱部位拉应力不是材料参数,而是一个结构参数,且随圆环内径而变化,基于弹性理论的Hobbs公式不能用于计算岩石抗拉强度。孔壁岩石的破裂只能是达到拉伸变形极限才会破裂,不能以拉伸应力作为破坏指标。研究结果为理解岩石在压拉组合下的力学特征提供了参考。 相似文献
14.
Carlos Bandeira Luiz Antonio Trindade 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):59-59
The Brazilian Society of Geochemistry--SBGq founded in 1985, is located at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, having more than 300 affiliates that represent most of the principal Brazilian universities. The main SBGq way of divulgation is an international magazine-Geochimica Brasiliensis and a site： www.sbgq.org.br/. Regular meeting of SBGq is realized in each two years in odd years The last meeting it has been realized together the Geochemistry of Portuguese Language Countries and Geochemistry Symposium of the MERCOSUL countries （Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay）. During the even years are realized specific meeting as Environmental Geochemistry in Tropical Countries. The SBGq is associated with other Brazilian scientific societies as Latin American Association of Organic Geochemistry--ALAGO. During its existence the SBGq has published approximately 3000 papers related to the environment, lithogeochemistry, isotopes, surface geochemistry, organic geochemistry, coastal environmental geochemistry, secondary environments, hydrogeochemistry, exploration geochemistry, magmatic geochemistry, rare earth geochemistry, geochemistry of carbonations, biogeochemistry, mineral geochemistry, geochemistry vs. geochronology and geochemistry of precious metals. 相似文献
15.
The present work proposes an approach to adapt existing isotropic models to transversely isotropic materials. The main idea is to introduce equivalence relations between the real material and a fictitious isotropic one on which one can take all the advantages of the well‐established isotropic theory. Two applications of this approach are presented here: a failure criterion and a damage model that takes into account the load‐induced anisotropy. In both cases, theoretical predictions are in agreement with the experimental data. In the present paper, the developed approach is applied to sedimentary rock materials; nevertheless, it can be generalized to any material that exhibits transverse isotropy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
岩石巴西圆盘试验中的空间拉应力分布 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
指出目前人们使用了40多年的岩石巴西圆盘试验拉伸强度公式来自二维弹性力学解答,该公式不适用于实际情况所对应的三维弹性力学问题。为了得到三维条件下试样内部的应力分布规律,采用三维有限元分析软件Marc对试样进行了弹性受力分析,结果表明,试样横截面上的拉应力分布规律与二维条件下的情况相类似,但横截面上的应力值沿试样厚度方向是有变化的,越靠近两端面,水平拉应力越大。分析发现,对于高径比为1、泊松比为0.25的巴西圆盘试样,按二维公式计算的抗拉强度比真实值小23.3 % 相似文献
17.
岩土类材料的强度强烈依赖于含水率和温度条件.以兰州兰山砂岩为研究对象,分别进行了不同温度（+20℃、-5℃、-10℃）和不同含水率（干燥、天然含水率和饱和状态）条件下岩石的巴西圆盘劈裂试验.试验结果表明,常温下,岩石抗拉强度随含水率增加而急剧减小,试样饱和时软化、崩解,丧失承载能力;在不同负温条件下,天然含水状态的试样抗拉强度最大,干燥状态下最小;在-10~+20℃范围内,干燥岩石强度随温度升高,抗拉强度增大,含水岩石均是随温度升高,抗拉强度减小,但饱和岩石在-5℃时抗拉强度最大.含水率和温度对岩样强度的影响存在临界值,超过临界值,岩样强度随上述因素反向变化.试验结论为岩土类材料劈裂强度的标准化测试及其工程应用提供了重要的基础数据参考. 相似文献
18.
19.
绿泥石片岩各向异性特性研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为研究十堰地区片岩的各向异性特性,开展了武当群绿泥石片岩长方体试样的单轴压缩和圆盘试样的间接拉伸试验,探讨了试样各向异性的力学特性和在不同受力状态下的变形破裂特性,揭示了不同变形破裂的力学机制。研究表明,武当群绿泥石片岩具有明显的各向异性性质,平行片理方向强度高,垂直片理方向强度低。该片岩特殊的定向排列片束状构造和片理间的弱胶结作用,致使不同方向上的破坏特征具有明显差异,其力学机制也不相同。在压应力作用下,泊松效应容易引起平行片理面的张拉劈裂和压杆失稳,垂直片理方向容易发生片理面间的剪切破坏。在同一方向上强度具有一致性,即平行片理面抗压和抗拉强度均较垂直片理面强度大。由于片理面间的抗拉承载力极低,在小角度劈裂荷载下,容易发生张拉劈裂和拉剪破坏,因此,实际工程中应尽可能避免片理面间的受拉破坏和沿片理的拉剪破坏。研究结果可以为隧道、边坡支护加固和防水处理提供参考。 相似文献
20.
为了研究页岩横观各向同性性质对劈裂强度及破坏模式的影响,对7组不同倾角下的试样进行了巴西劈裂和声发射测试。研究表明：层理的方向对试样的劈裂强度和最终破坏模式有着重要的影响。随着层面倾角 的增加,页岩试样的劈裂强度逐渐减小。在不同倾角下的破坏模式可分为直线形（ 0°、90°）、月牙形（ 15°）和曲弧形（ 30°、45°、60°、75°）。通过分析不同倾角下圆盘中心点沿层理分解得到的正应力和剪应力,当 0°时,试样的破坏方式为基质的拉伸破坏;当 90°时,试样的破坏方式为层理的拉伸破坏,当15° 75°时,试样的破坏为复合型破坏。观察声发射空间累计定位演化分布情况,直线型的声发射点较均匀地分布在试样中轴线的两侧;曲弧型的声发射点在圆盘的一端较密而另一端较稀疏;月牙型则在试样的中部和一端都累积了部分声发射点;分布特征与宏观破坏方式具有相似性。分形维数D可以较好地反映试样的破坏模式,从倒V形的变化趋势可知,直线形试样D值接近于2,而月牙形和曲弧形试样D值介于2.2～2.7。因此,D值越大,说明裂纹的曲率半径越大;相反D值越小,裂纹越趋于一条直线,破裂形态也就越简单。 相似文献