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1.
技术性贸易壁垒已成为国际贸易中最主要的贸易壁垒形式.随着我国对外贸易的迅速发展,技术性贸易壁垒已对我国对外贸易的发展带来较严重的影响.因此,分析了我国遭受技术性贸易壁垒的现状、原因以及技术性贸易壁垒对我国对外贸易带来的不利影响和应该采取怎样的应对之策,具有较强的现实和理论意义. 相似文献
2.
国外工业发达国家通过建立完善的合格评定程序机制，以此来强化技术法规、标准的实施及对实施情况进行监督，取得了显著的效果，并成为技术性壁垒的重要手段。许多发展中国家因为制定了比较明确的矿山生产、监督、管理等方面的合格评定（资格认证)体系，在吸引外资方面获得了较好的成绩。目前．我国台格评定机制的建立和运作还 相似文献
3.
国外工业发达国家通过建立完善的合格评定程序机制,以此来强化技术法规、标准的实施及对实施情况进行监督,取得了显著的效果,并成为技术性壁垒的重要手段.许多发展中国家因为制定了比较明确的矿山生产、监督、管理等方面的合格评定(资格认证)体系,在吸引外资方面获得了较好的成绩.目前,我国合格评定机制的建立和运作还没有形成统一规划、协调及实施有力的良好格局,在国土资源管理工作中也是一个相当薄弱的环节. 相似文献
4.
构建水产品贸易壁垒预警机制的探讨——以广东为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高维新 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(2):51-56
金融危机爆发以来,贸易保护主义明显抬头,贸易壁垒花样翻新。以广东水产品为例,从短期来看,贸易壁垒会对出口产生抑制效应;从长期来看,贸易壁垒将会形成倒逼机制,促使企业提高产品质量,改善产品结构,提高出口绩效,增强竞争力,产生正面效应。贸易壁垒预警机制是一个由政府部门、专业机构、行业协会和企业共同参与的一项系统工程,包括预警信息的收集、加工、评估和发布四个阶段组成,根据具体情况,适时发布预警信息和警度级别,从而能够使企业及时了解国外贸易壁垒的信息,尽早制定应对策略,采取切实可行的措施,将贸易壁垒所造成的损失降到最低。 相似文献
5.
《广东海洋大学学报》2016,(2)
采用2003—2013年统计数据,对广东水产品出口和渔业经济总产值之间的关系进行实证研究。在统计分析方面,测算了广东水产品出口依存度、贡献率和拉动度,结果显示水产品出口对渔业经济增长具有促进作用,但是这种促进表现不稳定且不高;在计量分析方面,运用单位根检验、协整检验、Granger因果检验和回归分析,结果表明,水产品出口和渔业经济总产值之间具有长期稳定的均衡关系,水产品出口对渔业经济具有有限的拉动作用。制约广东水产品出口的原因主要有进口国提高水产品技术性贸易壁垒、省内水产品市场集中以及市场结构不合理。提出提高水产品出口质量、开发高附加值产品以及做强做大水产品第二产业等相应的政策建议。 相似文献
6.
广东水产品出口下滑的原因分析与对策措施 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
高维新 《广东海洋大学学报》2007,27(5):6-10
分析广东水产品出口出现下滑趋势外部原因为:发达国家对农产品进口实行贸易壁垒,贸易保护主义有所抬头;内部原因为:国内生产经营过度分散,产业结构不合理,缺乏国际市场竞争力。提出发挥政府、企业和行业协会的积极作用,建立多元化的出口市场体系等措施,以进一步扩大广东水产品的出口,实现渔民增收、企业增效的目标。 相似文献
7.
李良才 《广东海洋大学学报》2009,29(5):34-38
WTO多边贸易体制倡导自由贸易。WTO成员之间应当削减或取消一切贸易壁垒,共同承担多边自由贸易的义务。美国根据国内贸易法采取的人权措施具有单边性、任意性并且暴露了此类贸易限制或禁止措施的霸权主义本质。美国人权措施引发了诸多贸易争端,严重挑战自由贸易精神。美国对华实施人权措施造成我国对美出口遭遇不利影响。我国应从革新外贸立法理念、增设人权措施条款并适度运用人权措施等方面积极应对此类新型贸易壁垒。 相似文献
8.
【目的】综述我国水产品可追溯体系的研究进展,为加快完善我国水产品追溯体系提供参考。【方法】从水产品追溯体系的定义、国内外发展现状、水产品追溯相关法规标准和试点应用、水产品追溯系统及其关键技术等四个方面进行介绍,分析我国水产品追溯体系当前存在的一些问题并提出建议。【结果】我国水产品追溯体系虽已日趋完善,但仍存在缺乏专门性强制性规定与标准、缺少实际推广应用、追溯相关技术研究薄弱等不足。【结论】水产品追溯体系在保障水产品质量安全、增加公众对水产品质量安全的信任度、打破水产品对外贸易壁垒等方面具有重要意义。应结合我国国情并借鉴国外先进经验,尽快制定与完善水产品追溯方面的法律法规和标准,加强水产品追溯基础技术研究,争取早日建立符合我国国情并与国际接轨的水产品追溯体系。 相似文献
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10.
随着科技的进步和社会的发展,地理空间数据的行业交叉性使用更加频繁。在“多规合一、一张蓝图”的战略背景下,研究解决跨行业基础地理空间信息政务平台建设中出现的基础数据地理空间矛盾的问题十分迫切。从数据结构整合、行业管理协调、数据组织模式创新、数据更新方式改进等方面进行深入研究,解决长期以来缺少行业协调和沟通而产生的技术性数据混乱的问题。该研究方法能够科学地完成历史数据的统一整合并彻底杜绝行业间数据生产的技术壁垒。提出了从数据的框架体系设计、采集、更新、应用与管理等全流程的数据建设方案,为跨行业的政务管理服务平台的建设提供了富有探索意义的借鉴。 相似文献
11.
We investigated the effect of tributyltin (TBT) exposure on the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels
of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP and AKP) enzymes in the small abalone,
Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. We collected samples of the hepatopancreas and hemolymph 2, 6, 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after exposure to 0.35 μg (Sn)/L TBT.
In the hepatopancreas, ACP activity was significantly higher in animals exposed to TBT 2, 24, and 96 h post-exposure compared
with the control animals. AKP activity was also higher after 2 h, but SOD and CAT activity was unchanged. The concentration
of MDA in the hemolymph was significantly higher than the control animals 2 and 6 h post-exposure. In the hemolymph of animals
exposed to TBT, ACP activity was significantly lower than in the control animals 192 h post-exposure, whereas AKP activity
was significantly lower 2 and 192 h post-exposure. Hemolymph SOD activity and levels of MDA were significantly lower than
in the control animals 24 h after exposure but significantly higher after 96 h. Our results demonstrate that exposure to TBT
cause rapid changes in ACP and AKP activity as well as altering the concentration of MDA in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph.
SOD and CAT do not appear to be involved in the detoxification of TBT in the hepatopancreas of small abalone. 相似文献
12.
The toxicities of 4 common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), 17β-estradiol (E2), p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloro-ethylene (DDE), 4-nonylphenol (NP) and tributyltin (TBT), to sperm motility, fertilization rate, hatching rate and embryonic development of Barbel chub (Squaliobarbus curriculus) were investigated in this study. The duration of sperm motility was significantly shortened by exposure to the EDCs at the threshold concentrations of 10 ng L?1 for E2 and TBT, 1 μg L?1 for NP and 100 μg L?1 for DDE, respectively. The fertilization rate was substantially reduced by the EDCs at the lowest observable effect concentrations (LOECs) of 10 ng L?1 for E2 and TBT and 10 μg L?1 for DDE and NP, respectively. Of the tested properties of S. curriculus, larval deformity rate was most sensitive to EDC exposure and was significantly increased by DDE at the lowest experimental level of 0.1 μg L?1. Other EDCs increased the larval deformity rate at the LOECs of 1 ng L?1 for E2, 10 ng L?1 for TBT and 1 μg L?1 for NP, respectively. Despite their decreases with the increasing EDC concentrations, the hatching rate and larval survival rate of S. curriculus were not significantly affected by the exposure to EDCs. The results indicated that all the 4 EDCs affected significantly and negatively the early life stages of the freshwater fish S. curriculus. Overall, E2 and TBT were more toxic than NP and DDE, while DDE might be more toxic to larval deformity rate than to other measured parameters. Thus, the 4 EDCs showed potential negative influences on natural population dynamics of S. curriculus. Our findings provided valuable basic data for the ecological risk assessment of E2, DDE, NP and TBT. 相似文献
13.
三丁基锡对罗氏沼虾血清中免疫酶活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)在含0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/L三丁基锡(TBT)的水体中浸浴48 h,检测TBT对罗氏沼虾血清中部分免疫酶活力的影响。结果表明:12 h内高剂量(0.4 mg/L)可诱导超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),酶活力差异有统计学意义(P0.01),至48 h时,诱导作用逐步解除;12 h内各剂量组血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力均表现抑制效应,酶活力差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而高剂量组在48 h时TBT对ACP表现为诱导效应,酶活力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);低剂量组(0.1 mg/L)TBT对罗氏沼虾血清中AKP活力的影响无统计学意义(P0.05),而中剂量组(0.2 mg/L)和高剂量组(0.4 mg/L)AKP活力表现为先抑制后逐渐转为诱导的效应,。 相似文献
14.
陈伟 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(2):1-5
当前我国水产品出口屡屡受挫,如何提升我国水产品的国际竞争力是我们面临的一个重要课题。通过分析认为,制约我国水产品国际竞争力的外部因素:发达国家技术壁垒的强化;反倾销、反补贴和特殊保障措施使我国在保护水产品生产和贸易上处于严重的不利地位;生态标签成为新的非关税壁垒,威胁着国际贸易的发展。内部因素:政府管理体制方面的制约;水产品生产加工方面的制约;行业组织化程度低,恶性竞争没有得到有效遏制;生产服务和信息服务能力弱;水产品市场体系的制约因素。在此基础上,提出了增加政府补贴、加强养殖监管、健全合作组织、实施品牌战略等一系列提升我国水产品国际竞争力的策略。 相似文献
15.
李正炎 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(2):163-168
Imposex, specifically caused by TBT pollution, refers to the superimposition of male sexual characteristics in gastropod females. Seasonal variation of imposex intensity in Thais clavigera from both slightly and severely contaminated sites in Hong Kong waters was studied from 1988 to 1999. The male penis length showed significant difference between both sites and seasons. It was shortest during late autumn and early winter (October to December) and longest during spring and early summer (February to June). Female penis length also showed significant difference between sites. It did not change seasonally, however. The RPS (Relative Penis Size) index was the highest during autumn and early winter, and the lowest during spring and early summer. The VDS (Vas Deferens Sequence) index remained stable throughout the sampling period. This study showed that VDS index is a better indicator when we compare relative intensity of imposex. The comparison can only be meaningful provided the samples from different locations are taken during the same season. 相似文献
16.
Li Zhengyan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(2):163-168
Imposex, specifically caused by TBT pollution, refers to the superimposition of male sexual characteristics in gastropod females.
Seasonal variation of imposex intensity inThais clavigera from both slightly and severely contaminated sites in Hong Kong waters was studied from 1988 to 1999. The male penis length
showed significant difference between both sites and seasons. It was shortest during late autumn and early winter (October
to December) and longest during spring and early summer (February to June). Female penis length also showed significant difference
between sites. It did not change seasonally, however. The RPS (Relative Penis Size) index was the highest during autumn and
early winter, and the lowest during spring and early summer. The VDS (Vas Deferens Sequence) index remained stable throughout
the sampling period. This study showed that VDS index is a better indicator when we compare relative intensity of imposex.
The comparison can only be meaningful provided the samples from different locations are taken during the same season.
Supported by the NSFC (40006007). 相似文献
17.
从人体免疫网络抵御抗原与计算机网络抵御入侵的相似性,提出一个基于遗传算法的免疫网络并应用于分布式入侵检测系统.将一个基于每秒网络数据量为参数的时间序列作为检测子的抗体表达形式,在单个网段检测网络数据,通过各个网段之间的抗体交流,实现抗体的优化.在抗体的进化过程中,提出了较好地评价抗体适应度的评估函数,为优化抗体的遗传算法的实现打下了基础. 相似文献
18.
Seaweeds are one of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment. It has been well known that marine algae, especially brown algae was a rich source of biogenic compounds with antifouling potential that could be ideal alternatives of tributyltin (TBT). In this paper, antifouling potential of the brown algae Laminaria ‘sanhai’ was explored. Firstly, the dried alga was extracted and the antialgal and antilarval activities were investigated. The EC50 and LC50 values of crude extract of Laminaria ‘sanhai’ against diatom (Skeletonema costatum) and barnacle larval (Chthamalus challengeri) were 8.9 μg mL?1 and 12.0 μg mL?1 respectively. Then, guided by bioassay, the bioactive substances were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction. The antialgal and antilarval activities of isolated fraction were improved with the EC50 value of 7.4 μg mL?1 against S. costatum and LC50 value of 9.7 μg mL?1 against C. challengeri larvae. Identification by IR, Q-TOFMS and GC-MS of the isolated bioactive substances revealed the abundance of fatty acids. These fatty acids, most with 16, 18 or 20 carbon atoms, contained myristic, hexadecanoic, oleic, linolenic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The results indicated that both the crude extract and the isolated bioactive substances had high antialgal and antilarval activities with no highlighted cytotoxicity which made the brown algae Laminaria ‘sanhai’ a promising source of the environmentally friendly antifoulants. 相似文献
19.
针对捷联式GNSS/INS组合航空重力测量系统,比较在当地水平坐标系和惯性坐标系下重力扰动的估算方法及精度。结果表明,惯性坐标系下基于加速度更新的卡尔曼滤波方法比当地水平坐标系下基于位置、速度更新的卡尔曼滤波方法模型简捷且重力扰动的估算精度相当,在半波长分辨率为7.5 km时,6条重复测线重力扰动差值的标准差平均分别为1.21 mGal和1.27 mGal;对于相同测线,两种方法计算得到的重力扰动差值的标准差平均为0.65 mGal;两种方法求得的重力扰动中都存在明显的系统误差,将其按时间进行线性补偿后明显减小,测线间的最大差值分别由8.20 mGal、8.19 mGal减小到2.70 mGal、2.54 mGal,平均内符合精度分别从1.21 mGal、1.27 mGal提高到1.06 mGal和1.10 mGal。 相似文献
20.
潘珩 《成都信息工程学院学报》2006,21(4):555-558
首先分析了地理信息系统的组成、地理信息系统数据的特征、地理信息系统数据库的功能，然后进行了中心式导航系统数据库的设计，给出了数据库模型的E-R图，最后描述了空间地理信息的查询功能。 相似文献