共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
2.
由国家防汛总指挥部组织召开的全国25个城市防洪经验交流会议,于1990年2月15～18日在哈尔滨市召开。这次会议主要是交流哈尔滨、长春、武汉等市在城市防洪建设与管理中,抓好防洪规划,以地方为主 相似文献
3.
介绍了水库在城市防洪中的作用,分析了安徽省12座大型水库泄洪对下游城镇防洪安全的影响,以及城市防洪能力偏低的原因,提出了提高城市防洪能力的工程与非工程措施途径。该研究对城市水利规划和城镇防洪,具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
4.
5.
为配合中国水利部组织编制全国主要江河防洪规划工作,对与编制防洪规划有关的若干重大问题进行了研究。提出用20世纪发生过的大洪水淹没范围作为界定防洪区的基础;风险管理最重要的是规避风险和应对风险,而规避风险的核心是约束人类不合理的经济社会活动,降低洪水灾害造成的风险;当防洪区受到两种洪水风险威胁时,应当采用二维概率分布核查防洪区的标准;合理提高城市防洪标准,是城市防洪的首要任务;要协调城市防洪与城市建设的关系,充分发挥城市拦蓄雨洪的作用(如保留必要的水面率、雨水利用等),蓄排兼顾,而不宜过分强调城市排水;建议根据淹没水深、淹没历时和洪水频率组成的洪水风险度因子划分蓄滞洪区风险区,并结合蓄滞洪区自然地理条件比选安全建设模式。 相似文献
6.
近年来，在全球气候变化和城市化快速发展的共同影响下，中国城市洪涝灾害日益严重，已经成为影响中国城市公共安全的突出问题，严重制约经济社会的持续健康发展。变化环境下城市洪涝致灾机理与风险评估研究是完善城市防洪除涝减灾体系、提升城市防洪除涝能力的重要依据。本文阐述了气候变化和城市化发展对城市洪涝灾害的影响机制，系统分析了城市洪涝灾害的驱动要素和致灾机理，梳理了城市洪涝灾害的风险评估和分区方法，并以济南市海绵城市示范区为例，对城市洪涝灾害风险分区方法进行了分析和对比。 相似文献
7.
近年来，在全球气候变化和城市化快速发展的共同影响下，中国城市洪涝灾害日益严重，已经成为影响中国城市公共安全的突出问题，严重制约经济社会的持续健康发展。变化环境下城市洪涝致灾机理与风险评估研究是完善城市防洪除涝减灾体系、提升城市防洪除涝能力的重要依据。本文阐述了气候变化和城市化发展对城市洪涝灾害的影响机制，系统分析了城市洪涝灾害的驱动要素和致灾机理，梳理了城市洪涝灾害的风险评估和分区方法，并以济南市海绵城市示范区为例，对城市洪涝灾害风险分区方法进行了分析和对比。 相似文献
8.
本文以较翔实的资料,阐述了浏阳城区特殊土地基类型与特征及城市防洪与建设之间的制约关系,指出在规划城市防洪工程的同时,加强对城市环境、城市景观、地方特色、历史文化底蕴等综合研究,是城市建设可持续发展的保证。 相似文献
9.
城市化是一个国家现代化的必然过程.本文根据近年拉萨市城市化步伐的加快,提出水文站网要适应城市的发展,逐步在城市防洪排涝、水环境监测、地下水观测等方面构建拉萨市水文监测预警体系,为拉萨市的社会经济发展服务. 相似文献
10.
多点入流汇流计算法在北京城市洪水计算中的应用与研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据北京城市化水平,城市汇流特点,通过用多点入流汇流计算法模拟实测洪水过程线,分析了北京城市河道的汇流特点与规律,初步提出了一种适合于北京城市洪水计算的方法,为城市防洪排水工程规划,设计提供依据。 相似文献
11.
在全球气候变化和城市化进程不断加快的背景下,城市洪涝灾害频发,造成严重的经济损失和人员伤亡问题。对近年来中国典型城市洪涝灾害进行系统整理介绍,说明洪涝灾害带来的人员伤亡和经济损失巨大。风险评估作为一种非工程性防洪措施,是城市洪涝风险管理的首要工作,精确、高效的把握洪灾过程等特征可以为防灾减灾工作提供科学依据。对城市洪涝风险评估与分区的概念和内容进行系统梳理,常用的风险评估方法有数理统计法、不确定性分析法、遥感影像评估法、指标体系评估法、情景模拟评估法；风险分区常用方法有阈值法、经验公式法和物理机制法。论述了城市洪涝风险评估与分区常用方法的应用范围、优缺点及其发展前景。 相似文献
12.
Xu Tong Xie Zhiqiang Zhao Fei Li Yimin Yang Shouquan Zhang Yangbin Yin Siqiao Chen Shi Li Xuan Zhao Sidong Hou Zhiqun 《Natural Hazards》2022,111(1):661-686
Natural Hazards - Because of climate change and rapid urbanization, urban impervious underlying surfaces have expanded, causing Chinese cities to become strongly affected by flood disasters.... 相似文献
13.
以受山洪灾害影响突出的云南文山城区为研究区,从承灾体属性特征和社会承灾能力二个方面探讨了城市山洪灾害易损性分析的方法;利用高分辨率遥感卫星影像为数据源完成城市土地覆盖类型解译,在此基础上应用GIS定量分析城市山洪灾害易损性。对承灾体属性特征定量分析结果表明,文山城区50年一遇山洪淹没范围内的承灾体中城市房屋建筑的易损性最大。对易损性要素中的社会承灾能力分析认为,由于文山城区段防洪河道行洪能力低,蓄滞洪能力弱。山洪灾害的易损性仍然较高,山洪对文山城威胁形势严峻。 相似文献
14.
We examined the anthropogenic and natural causes of flood risks in six representative cities in the Gangwon Province of Korea.
Flood damage per capita is mostly explained by cumulative upper 5% summer precipitation amount and the year. The increasing
flood damage is also associated with deforestation in upstream areas and intensive land use in lowlands. Human encroachment
on floodplains made these urban communities more vulnerable to floods. Without changes in the current flood management systems
of these cities, their vulnerability to flood risks will remain and may even increase under changing climate conditions. 相似文献
15.
The extreme precipitation events caused by climate change and the rapid development of urbanization have brought hidden flood risks to the cities. This paper comprehensively considered two major factors of vulnerability of urban flood-bearing and disaster prevention and mitigation (DPAM) capacity and built a comprehensive evaluation index system for urban flood-bearing risks. Secondly, a combined model consisted of composite fuzzy matter-element and entropy weight model was constructed to calculate the comprehensive risk indicator. Finally, the Zhengzhou City was taken as an example, the comprehensive indices of urban flood-bearing risk from 2006 to 2015 were evaluated. The results showed that the comprehensive risk of Zhengzhou City was generally on a slow upward trend, from II level (moderate-risk) in 2006 to III level (secondary high-risk) in 2015, which was mainly due to the mismatch between the rapid development of urbanization and the slow improvement of DPAM capabilities. This paper is expected to provide scientific reference and technical support for urban flood disaster prevention and sponge city construction.
相似文献16.
Identifying factors influencing flood mitigation at the local level in Texas and Florida: the role of organizational capacity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the United States, mitigating the adverse impacts of flooding has increasingly become the responsibility of local decision
makers. Despite the importance of understanding why flood mitigation techniques are implemented at the local level, few empirical
studies have been conducted over the last decade. Our study addresses this lack of research by examining the factors influencing
local communities to adopt both structural and non-structural flood mitigation strategies. We use statistical models to predict
multiple flood mitigation techniques implemented by cities and counties based on a survey of floodplain administrators and
planning officials across Texas and Florida. Particular attention is paid to the role of organizational capacity to address
floods in addition to various local geophysical and socioeconomic characteristics. Results indicate that organizational capacity
is a significant factor contributing to the implementation of both structural and non-structural flood mitigation techniques,
even when controlling for contextual characteristics. 相似文献
17.
简要介绍了20世纪90年代我国大江大河的防洪形势。重点指出:河道萎缩,江河泄洪能力下降,行洪水位抬高,城市水灾突出,洪涝矛盾加重和水灾损失急剧增加的特点。探讨了防洪减灾的目标和标准,在进行防洪策略历史回顾的基础上,阐述了防洪减灾对策和基本措施方向。 相似文献
18.
Flood mitigation involves the management and control of floodwater movement, such as redirecting flood runoff through the use of floodwalls and flood gates, rather than trying to prevent floods altogether. The prevention and mitigation of flooding can be studied on three levels: on individual properties, small communities, and whole towns or cities. The current study area is located in Hurghada on the Red Sea, which is considered an important area for coastal tourism. The study area is located at distance 7.50 km from El Gouna city along the Red Sea and east of Hurghada–Al Ismaileya road. The aim of this research is to derive the runoff flow paths across the study area and their flow magnitudes under different rainfall events of 10, 25, 50, and 100 year return periods in order to design the flood mitigation measures to protect such important areas. Field data (e.g., topographic data and rainfall intensities) were collected for the study area. The results indicated that the site is exposed to high flash flood risk and protection work is required. In order to protect the area from flood risks, locations of number of drainage channels and dams were selected and designed based on flood quantity and direction. The proposed mitigation system is capable of protecting this crucial area from flood risks and increases the national income from tourism. This study can be applied in different areas of Egypt and the world. 相似文献
19.
城市洪涝模拟是当前国内外城市防洪减灾领域研究的热点。现有城市洪涝模拟方面的评述,主要依据城市洪涝过程或模拟计算方法进行分类讨论,缺乏基于应用需求的视角。随着应用需求日益深入,城市洪涝模拟应用场景日趋多样化和复杂化,不同模拟应用场景下,所关注的洪涝过程不同,采用的技术策略及其重点和难点也不同,脱离模拟应用场景很难辨析这些不同。依据模拟对象和关注变量,归纳总结出城市洪涝模拟的3种典型应用场景,即城市外洪模拟、城市雨洪模拟、城市内涝模拟;针对这3种典型模拟应用场景,分析相应的城市洪水演进模型、城市雨洪模型、半分布式暴雨内涝模型、全分布式暴雨内涝模型等4类模拟技术策略;辨析在不同模拟应用场景和技术策略下,不同模拟技术的组合方式及其特点与难点,以期从应用需求的角度对城市洪涝模拟技术进行全面的梳理,为城市洪涝模拟应用和研究提供一个新的视角。 相似文献
20.
随着经济社会的发展,中国步入城镇化快速发展的阶段,城镇化率已由2000年的36.22%增加到2014年的54.77%。在全球气候变化与快速城镇化背景下,中国城市洪涝灾害日益严重。阐述了全球气候变化及城镇化对城市降水和极端暴雨的影响机制,并从流域产汇流角度分析了城镇化对洪水过程的影响,系统剖析了中国城市洪涝频发的主要原因。在成因分析的基础上,进一步提出了中国城市洪涝防治的应对策略,主要包括:①以低影响开发理念为指导,加强城市基础设施建设,建设海绵城市;②建立城市洪涝立体监测、预报预警和实时调度系统,强化城市洪涝科学决策能力;③健全和完善城市洪涝应急预案,强化应急管理能力,完善灾害救助和恢复机制。 相似文献