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1.
为了探讨蒙古扁桃(Amygdalus mongolica)种群退化原因和实生苗繁育的疑难问题,以祁连山中部蒙古扁桃种子为材料,采用室内控制干旱胁迫、混合盐胁迫、变温与种子剥壳相结合的处理方法,研究了种子萌发及幼苗生长对逆境生态因子的响应。结果表明:采用清水对照、-0.15 MPa PEG溶液处理,种子萌发率差异不显著(P0.05);不同PEG溶液处理(-0.32、-0.54、-0.81 MPa)条件下,种子萌发率依次极显著降低(P0.01);-1.15MPa处理条件下,种子不萌发;蒙古扁桃的种子萌发时间随着干旱加剧推迟,种子萌发指数、活力指数、初生芽、根长、次生根个数和幼苗鲜重随水势极显著降低(P0.01),但在-0.32 MPa处理下壮苗指数极显著增高,-0.15MPa处理次之;种子萌发的最低渗透势阈值为-0.81 MPa。种子萌发的最低混合盐胁迫阈值为1.6%,在轻度混合盐(0.2%~0.4%)胁迫下,初生根长度和次生根数量增加,随混合盐胁迫加剧,初生芽长度、幼苗鲜重降低,表明幼苗对轻度混合盐胁迫首先采取降低生长量,促进根生长来进行适应。经低渗透势或高浓度混合盐胁迫后,部分种子休眠而保持生活力,未能萌发的种子复水后萌发率高达62%~96%,一次萌发率与恢复萌发率累计之和与对照萌发率无差异(P0.05)。种皮障碍是制约蒙古扁桃种子萌发的主要原因,机械破除果皮可打破种子休眠,低温层积(2~5℃)能极显著提高蒙古扁桃种子活力,变温层积(5~10℃)能极显著提高蒙古扁桃种子发芽率和活力。低水势、高的混合盐胁迫、高温、种子浅的休眠及幼苗差的抗寒性是蒙古扁桃种群退化的原因,在拯救蒙古扁桃种群和人工驯化时,应选择有灌溉条件、春季气温低的区域育苗,建议土壤解冻时播种,利用早春的低温破除种子休眠,培育壮苗。 相似文献
2.
盐分与水分胁迫对两种猪毛菜种子萌发的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
通过对盐分与水分胁迫对钠猪毛菜和紫翅猪毛菜种子萌发的影响的分析,结果显示:钠猪毛菜与紫翅猪毛菜种子萌发的最适温度分别为25℃和20℃。在盐溶液和PEG溶液中,两个种子的萌发规律相似,都是随着水势的降低,萌发率和萌发速率下降。在盐胁迫下钠猪毛菜种子萌发的最低水势接近-7.2 MPa,紫翅猪毛菜种子萌发的最低水势接近-6.15 MPa;在水分胁迫下两种种子萌发的最低水势均未超过-2.0 MPa。并且在相同水势下,钠猪毛菜的最终萌发率、萌发指数高于紫翅猪毛菜。两个种对盐分胁迫的忍耐能力超过对水分胁迫。适宜萌发温度下,钠猪毛菜与紫翅猪毛菜的耐盐极限值分别为-6.29 MPa和-6.03 MPa。 相似文献
3.
《中国沙漠》2016,(6)
测定了适宜温度和光照条件下胡杨(Populus euphratica)种子萌发及胚生长对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明:(1)胡杨种子萌发的最佳条件是25℃/30℃和12h光照/12h黑暗的温光组合。光照虽然影响胚根的生长、抑制胚轴的伸长,但有利于子叶长度的增加和子叶叶绿素的合成。低温(10℃/15℃、15℃/20℃)和高温(35℃/40℃)不利于胚根的伸长和子叶生长;黑暗条件下温度显著影响胚轴生长。(2)不同渗透势溶液对胡杨种子萌发后子叶的展开和胚根的生长影响较大。当溶液渗透势在-0.2~0 MPa时,胚的生长不受影响;而渗透势低于-0.2 MPa,下胚轴、胚根和子叶的生长都受到抑制,尤其当溶液渗透势低于-0.6 MPa时,子叶的展开也受到影响。-0.2 MPa是胡杨胚生长的一个临界渗透势。(3)胚根、子叶生长对NaCl胁迫比较敏感,表现为种子在0~0.80mol·L-1 NaCl溶液浓度范围内可以萌发,但胚根和子叶的生长在0.05mol·L-1浓度时与对照存在显著差异;在溶液浓度大于0.10mol·L-1时子叶出现黄化现象;而在0.20~0.80mol·L-1范围内子叶则不能正常展开。胡杨种子快速集中地萌发,是对干旱少雨环境的一种适应;而萌发后水、盐胁迫对胡杨胚生长的影响,是限制胡杨实生繁殖成功的关键。 相似文献
4.
通过对不同温度、盐分和干旱胁迫对刚毛柽柳种子萌发实验研究影响,结果表明:刚毛柽柳种子的适宜萌发温度范围为10~35℃,萌发率高达80%以上,且萌发迅速。不同浓度NaCl溶液对刚毛柽柳种子萌发有明显抑制作用,种子萌发率随NaCl溶液浓度的增大而下降,到0.7 mol/L时,萌发率仅为1.67%,种子发芽受到抑制。相同渗透势PEG-6 000溶液中的萌发率低于NaCl溶液,渗透势为-0.5 MPa是二者影响作用的分界点。渗透势为-1.8 MPa时,萌发率已急剧下降到0,其对种子萌发的抑制作用大于NaCl溶液。将在两溶液中处理10天的种子转移至蒸馏水后,随着NaCl溶液浓度的增大,萌发恢复率逐渐升高,0.7 mol/L时,萌发恢复率为60%;随着PEG-6 000溶液浓度增大,萌发恢复率先升高后降低,渗透势为-1.4 MPa时,种子萌发恢复率达到最大为67.5%,但两种处理下种子的最终萌发率(总萌发率)都低于在蒸馏水中的。 相似文献
5.
土壤干燥化是风沙区人工林种子萌发、更新幼苗存活与生长、种子更新的关键限制因子。选取4个种植年限(7、13、19、51 a)柠条(Caragana korshinskii)种子为研究对象,通过盆栽控水模拟不同程度干旱胁迫,分析重度、中度和轻度干旱对不同年限柠条种子萌发、幼苗生长、生理及光合特性的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫显著抑制各年限柠条种子出苗率,出苗率随干旱程度增加而降低,13 a出苗率均高于其他年限,19 a出苗率次之,51 a最低。随着干旱程度的增加,各年限幼苗株高、叶片数及总生物量均显著下降,13 a与其他年限相比减少量最小;同时,各年限幼苗根冠比均增加。不同年限柠条幼苗叶片可溶性糖含量随干旱程度增加均呈上升趋势,其中13 a含量最高,为30.19 mg·g^(-1);游离脯氨酸含量也随干旱的加剧呈增加趋势,其中19 a含量最高,为2 683.73μg·g^(-1)。各年限幼苗丙二醛(MDA)含量在干旱胁迫下逐渐升高,在重度胁迫时达到最大,51 a增幅最大。不同年限柠条幼苗叶绿素a、b及叶绿素含量在干旱胁迫下总体呈先降低再升高最后降低的趋势,下降最多的为51 a幼苗叶片。在不同程度的干旱胁迫下,各年限柠条幼苗的生长均受到一定程度的抑制,但13 a和19 a能够通过自身渗透调节物质来减轻伤害,维持正常生理代谢,保障幼苗生长发育,而51 a幼苗渗透调节能力较低,MDA含量最大,使细胞膜损坏严重,导致死亡率显著增加。隶属函数法表明,不同年限柠条幼苗抗旱能力13 a>19 a>7 a>51 a。 相似文献
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7.
沙埋对河西走廊4种旱生植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
测定了驼蹄瓣(Zygophyllum fabago)、骆驼蒿(Peganum nigellastrum)、唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)和黒果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)等4种旱生植物种子重量、形状、萌发及活性,试验了沙埋深度(0、1、2、3、4、5 cm)对种子萌发、幼苗出土和生长的影响。结果表明:4种植物的种子扩散时为中度休眠;种子活性与重量、形状之间为显著负相关关系(p<0.05);种子初次萌发率与重量之间为不显著负相关关系;大而不规则种子有较低的活性,小种子扩散时有较高萌发率。随沙埋深度的增加,4种植物种子出苗率下降,首次出苗时间推迟,茎高、绝对株高和根长呈现先上升后下降的趋势,地下和地上生物量比值呈先上升后下降或随埋深增加而下降。幼苗出土和生长的最佳沙埋深度是:驼蹄瓣1~3 cm,骆驼蒿0~1 cm,唐古特白刺0~2 cm,黑果枸杞1~2 cm。在植被恢复过程中应考虑破除种子休眠的方法以及浅层沙埋等条件,以提高出苗率、增大幼苗定植率。 相似文献
8.
采用不同方法对唐古特白刺种子预处理,以不处理为对照,再行60 ℃浸种24 h后育苗,通过测定出苗动态和生长指标,探寻促进白刺种子出苗和幼苗生长的技术途径。结果表明,唐古特白刺种子出苗率变化动态均呈“S”型曲线,符合Logistic曲线方程,出苗质量随种子处理不同而异,出苗期为38～55 d,极限出苗率为30.2%～57.8%。沙搓和沙碾均可显著提高白刺种子出苗质量,为培育壮苗奠定良好基础,出苗率较对照分别提高15.6%和13.4%,出苗势分别提高60.1%和6.9%,出苗指数分别提高35.2%和13.2%,活力指数分别提高41.5%和23.3%。尤其沙搓种子出苗集中,较对照缩短5 d。而掐尖、20%醋酸和5%碱水浸泡均抑制发芽。将种子与沙子混合后手搓和棍碾压均可破坏白刺种子坚硬致密的内果皮结构,破除休眠,促进出苗和幼苗生长,但需注意的是沙碾操作不当会造成种子内部结构被破坏。 相似文献
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10.
甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长对NaCl胁迫的响应 总被引：19，自引：7，他引：12
在盆栽条件下研究了NaCl胁迫对黄河蜜和白沙蜜甜瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:NaCl胁迫对甜瓜种子吸水和累计发芽率影响较小,但明显延缓后期吸水和发芽进程。50 mmol·L-1以上NaCl浓度下,甜瓜种子相对发芽指数、相对活力指数和胚根生长量均下降。NaCl胁迫抑制甜瓜幼苗高度、株叶面积增长和干物质积累,抑制作用具有浓度和时间依赖性。NaCl胁迫对甜瓜幼苗形态生长的抑制作用强于对物质积累的抑制作用,对根系干物质积累的抑制作用高于对地上部干物质积累的抑制作用,对白沙蜜的抑制作用强于对黄河蜜的抑制作用。甜瓜种子和幼苗能适应的临界NaCl浓度在100~150 mmol·L-1之间,厚皮甜瓜可能更适合作为咸水灌溉和盐碱地生产的经济作物。 相似文献
11.
LIU Junting LI Suhui SONG Haiyan LEI Ying CHEN Jinyi WANG Jiamin GUO Xuman LIU Jinchun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(2):319-327
Shallow soil with low water availability is the key limiting factor for plant growth and reproduction in vulnerable karst regions. Annual herbs are pioneers adapted to these areas; however, little is known about the responses of their seeds and infructescence, and the germination of their offspring to these limited water and soil resources. In this study, we investigated how the seed and fruiting phenology plasticity and offspring seed germination rates of two annual Asteraceae herbs (Xanthium sibiricum and Bidens pilosa) respond to the harsh karst soil environment, by assessing the seed number, seed biomass and offspring seed germination rate. X. sibiricum and B. pilosa were grown under three soil thicknesses and three water availability levels in a full two-way randomized block design. The key results were as follows: (1) The number and biomass of progenies (infructescence and seeds) of X. sibiricum decreased with the decline of soil thickness and/or water availability (P <0.05). The infructescence and seed biomass of B. pilosa increased with the decline of water availability. (2) Seed quantity and seed biomass of X. sibiricum showed no correlation after their parents experienced resource reductions. A significant positive relationship between seed number and seed biomass was observed in B. pilosa (P <0.05). (3) The offspring seed germination rate of X. sibiricum did not change with the decrease of soil thickness under three levels of water treatment. However, the offspring seed germination rate of B. pilosa decreased significantly with the decrease of soil thickness under the control water level (P<0.05). The results show that X. sibiricum tends to improve its competitiveness by ensuring the quantity and quality of offspring in order to adapt to the shallow karst soils and dry karst habitats. In contrast, B. pilosa adapts to the unfavorable karst habitats by a risk-sharing strategy. B. pilosa produces more and bigger seeds to in an attempt to expand its survival range and escape from the unfavorable living environment, but this results in a lower seed number and germination rate of its progeny under the karst soil resource reduction. 相似文献
12.
Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature, light, osmotic stress, hydration-dehydration regime and stress relief on the seed germination of Periploca sepium Bunge (Chinese silk vine Asclepiadaceae), which is a native shrub in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Freshly harvested seeds germinated equally well in both light and darkness. Seeds germinated under all of tested temperature regimes, and much faster when temperature was maintained at 30, 35, and 30/20, 30/25, 35/25, 35/30 °C range, with more than 90% of seeds germinating within 2 days. Moderate osmotic stress did not inhibit germination at any tested temperature. At 30 °C, seed germination was not affected significantly above −0.8 MPa. The hydration-dehydration pretreatment showed none side effects on P. sepium seeds and the seeds germinated more rapidly as soon as optimal water condition was restored. These results show the advantages of P. sepium, which is a competitive and widespread shrub in dry areas, and provide useful information for vegetation restoration in these drought-prone regions. 相似文献
13.
供水量及沙埋厚度对两种梭梭出苗的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在自然条件下,研究了沙埋和单次供水对梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、白梭梭（Haloxylon persicum）种子萌发和幼苗出土的影响。结果表明,在试验期内（30 d）,梭梭、白梭梭出苗率随沙埋厚度和供水量的增加出现先增加后减少的趋势;出苗速率（除无沙埋）也呈现出相同趋势;死亡率和死亡速率为减少的趋势。在供水量为20～40 mm时梭梭、白梭梭种子适宜出苗,适宜供水量接近当地冬季平均降雪量;沙埋厚度为 0.5～1.0 cm的条件下出苗率较高,反映了梭梭、白梭梭对沙区环境的生态适应。根据古尔班通古特沙漠气候特点与本次试验结果,梭梭与白梭梭的人工播种辅助恢复应在早春融雪之前进行。 相似文献
14.
Comparative Study of the Impact of Drought Stress on P.centrasiaticum at the Seedling Stage in Tibet
Pennisetum centrasiaticum is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas of Tibet. Its rhizome system is developed and has strong resistance to adversity. In this study, the physiological characteristics and drought resistance of P.centrasiaticum seedlings from 12 drought-stressed sites in Tibet were examined at the Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. PEG-6000 solution with five levels of water potential (0, -0.7, -1.4, -2.1, and -2.8 MPa) was used to simulate drought stress, and malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and chlorophyll contents were determined. The balance between production and elimination of reactive oxygen species in P.centrasiaticum was destroyed, leading to membrane lipid peroxidation and the production of MDA, and accelerating the decomposition of chlorophyll. P.centrasiaticum absorbed water from the outside to resist drought by secreting proline and other osmotic regulating substances. The Pro and chlorophyll contents in P.centrasiaticum showed a temporary rising trend, and then decreased with the decrease in water potential. MDA content increased with the decrease in water potential. By using the membership function method, the drought resistance of P.centrasiaticum seedlings from the 12 areas was evaluated, and the results showed that the drought resistance at the sites went from strong to weak in this order: Xietongmen > Linzhou > Sog > Damxung > Tingri > Namling > Gyirong > Linzhi > Purang > Dingjie > Longzi > Sa’gya. The drought resistance of P.centrasiaticum was strong in Xietongmen, Linzhou and Sog. Whether P.centrasiaticum from these three areas is suitable for cultivation in arid and semi-arid areas of Tibet needs further study. 相似文献
15.
通过室内试验研究了土壤水分和沙埋深度对4种沙生植物种子萌发和出苗的影响。结果表明:草本雾冰藜（Bassia dasyphylla）种子萌发和幼苗出土喜好水分,水分含量越高,种子发芽率越高;半灌木黑沙蒿（Artemisia ordosica）、灌木沙冬青（Ammopiptanthus mongolicus）和沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoides）种子在含水量为15%~20%的土壤中发芽率高,干旱或水分含量过高会导致种子发芽率降低。沙埋深度显著影响种子的萌发和出苗,雾冰藜种子在无沙埋时发芽率最高,黑沙蒿适宜沙埋深度为0.5 cm,沙冬青和沙棘适宜沙埋深度1.0 cm。 相似文献
16.
Robyn Adams 《Journal of Arid Environments》1999,43(4):437
The effects of temperature, water stress, hydration–dehydration cycles and seed priming on the germination of Callitris verrucosa and Callitris preissii, two Australian semi-arid coniferous tree species, were investigated. Optimum germination occurred at 18°C, with a minimum germination time of 8–9 days for both species. At this temperature, germination was inhibited at osmotic potentials lower than −1·0 MPa, but the capacity to germinate at low osmotic stress increased as the temperature decreased. Seed priming and hydration–dehydration cycles did not reduce seed viability, and Callitris seeds appear to retain the physiological changes induced by short-term hydration, as the time to the onset of germination was decreased to about 3 days. The capacity of Callitris seeds for incremental germination is likely to increase overall germination success in a low rainfall environment. 相似文献
17.
中国西北干旱区以荒漠生态系统为主体,是中国典型脆弱生态系统。沙埋对该区域植物生存和生长、植被分布和组成以及荒漠生态系统功能和结构有重要影响。以典型荒漠植物梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)为研究对象,对比研究了轻度沙埋和非沙埋植物在生理和生长方面的差异,并从土壤盐分、土壤水分、土壤温度等方面探究了造成这种差异的原因。结果表明:轻度沙埋环境下,梭梭、柽柳、白刺、沙拐枣的光合速率普遍高于非沙埋植株,蒸腾速率显著低于非沙埋植株,水分利用效率也均高于非沙埋植株。轻度沙埋梭梭、柽柳、沙拐枣、白刺株高明显低于非沙埋植株,但地径、冠幅、叶面积指数普遍高于非沙埋植株。主要原因是轻度沙埋植物下方土壤黏粒含量、土壤湿度高于非沙埋植物下方,轻度沙埋植物下方土壤温度、含盐量低于非沙埋环境。 相似文献
18.
人工生物土壤结皮是近年来新兴的绿色环保固沙材料,是目前沙区生态恢复研究的前沿和热点,用于人工生物土壤结皮培养的荒漠蓝藻等生物体的产量是该技术大规模应用的限制因素。为了解荒漠蓝藻的生长特征及其影响因子,以分离于腾格里沙漠蓝藻结皮中的优势荒漠蓝藻——具鞘微鞘藻(Microcolus vaginatus)和念珠藻(Nostoc carneum)为对象,探索了实验室条件下接种密度对荒漠蓝藻生长和培养水体pH及电导率的影响。结果显示：随着接种密度的增加,具鞘微鞘藻和念珠藻生长进入稳定期的时间提前。在生长初期,具鞘微鞘藻在0.35、0.95 mg·L-1密度下的干重显著高于2.13、6.59、13.42 mg·L-1密度下的干重,生长后期则相反。在生长前期和后期,念珠藻在0.04～0.32 mg·L-1密度下的干重和总质量均显著高于0.86～2.59 mg·L-1密度下;具鞘微鞘藻在6.59～13.42 mg·L-1密度下的总质量显著高于0.35～2.13 mg·L-1 相似文献