共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
G.Ya. Shaidurov D.S. Kudinov V.S. Potylitsyn R.G. Shaidurov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(5):566-570
The first experimental measurements of the cross-correlation function (CCF) of the Earth’s seismic and electrical noise were carried out in two areas of the Minusinskoe gas condensate field in 2014 and 2015 using a VPEMPZ-M1 (Shum-6) two-channel geophysical device developed at Siberian Federal University. The Earth’s seismic noise and electrical noise in the frequency range 0.1-20 Hz were received by a geophone and an electric dipole, respectively. In both cases, a productive pool at depths of 1800-2000 m had a maximum CCF value five to seven times higher than the normal background, indicating the occurrence of the seismoelectric effect in passive fields. 相似文献
2.
滑坡位移时序预测的核函数构造 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
获得支持向量机(SVM)背景下滑坡位移时序准确预测的关键,是构造或选择一合适的核函数。通过分析滑坡位移时序曲线特征以及不同类型Mercer核的性质,从基于核函数上的封闭运算角度,构造出支持向量机背景下预测滑坡位移时序的最佳核函数。利用3组不同特征的滑坡位移时序,对构造出的核函数进行性能检验,数值实验表明：对于典型的3组滑坡时序,LPG与MPG核的学习性能要优于简单核,且前者适合复杂位移时序的回归预测,而后者更适合规律性较强的简单时序曲线的建模预测。此外,探讨了这两种核函数下的核参数取值对模型精度的影响。 相似文献
3.
The emergence of large-scale arrays of seismometers across several continents presents the opportunity to image the Earth's structure at unprecedented resolution, but methods must be developed to exploit the capabilities of these deployments. The capabilities and limitations of a method called “eikonal tomography” applied to ambient noise data are discussed here. In this method, surface wave wavefronts are tracked across an array and the gradient of the travel time field produces estimates of phase slowness and propagation direction. Application data from more than 1000 stations from EarthScope USArray in the central and western US and new Rayleigh wave isotropic and anisotropic phase velocity maps are presented together with an isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic 3D Vs model of the crust and uppermost mantle. As a ray theoretic method, eikonal tomography models bent rays but not other wavefield complexities. We present evidence, based on the systematics of an observed 1ψ component of anisotropy that we interpret as anisotropic bias caused by backscattering near an observing station, that finite frequency phenomena can be ignored in ambient noise tomography at periods shorter than ～ 40 to 50 s. At longer periods a higher order term based on wavefront amplitudes or finite frequency sensitivity kernels must be introduced if the amplitude of isotropic anomalies and the amplitude and fast-axis direction of azimuthal anisotropy are to be determined accurately. 相似文献
4.
基于混合核函数PSO-LSSVM的边坡变形预测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
支持向量机（SVM）的核函数类型和超参数对边坡位移时序预测的精度有重要影响。鉴于局部核函数学习能力强、泛化性能弱,而全局核函数泛化性能强、学习能力弱的矛盾,通过综合两类核函数各自优点构造了基于全局多项式核和高斯核的混合核函数,并引入粒子群算法（PSO）对最小二乘支持向量机（LSSVM）超参数进行全局寻优,提出了边坡位移时序预测的混合核函数PSO-LSSVM模型。将模型应用于锦屏一级水电站左岸岩石高边坡变形预测分析,并与传统核函数支持向量机预测结果进行对比分析。结果表明,该模型较传统方法在预测精度上有了明显提高,预测结果科学可靠,在边坡位移时序预测中具有良好的实际应用价值。 相似文献
5.
针对地震勘探中强随机噪声的去噪问题,引进支持向量回归方法,提出并证明一种新的Ricker子波核函数。支持向量回归采用核映射的基本思想,基于结构风险最小化原则,将回归问题转化为一个二次规划问题。对单道记录或多道记录中任选道的仿真实验表明,与传统的基于径向基核函数的支持向量回归及褶积滤波方法相比,使用本方法去噪后的同相轴更为清晰,波形恢复得更好,信噪比也较高,因此有可能将其应用于地震勘探记录的去噪处理中。 相似文献
6.
7.
The possibility to apply natural acoustic ocean noise in the ocean and noise of distant vessels as sounding signals in order to determine the physical parameters of a water layer is considered in this paper. We developed the methods making it possible to suppress the non-diffuse components of noise produced, e.g., by local vessels and to account for hydrophone motion. These methods are applied to the noise records obtained in the course of a year-long experiment on long-range sound propagation in the Pacific Ocean. We confirmed experimentally our theoretical predictions as to the possibility of retrieving deterministic acoustic ray travel times in a nonuniform environment from a mutual correlation function of imperfectly diffuse (gradually anisotropic and spatially nonuniform) noise without invoking any data on its source. We performed passive measurements of sound velocity in the ocean with a relative error of about 0.1% by correlation of noise fields recorded with vertical aerials. This accuracy approaches that needed for oceanological applications. Further investigations are necessary to study the feasibility of passive acoustic tomography and thermometry in the ocean at distances of tens and hundreds of kilometers and the possibility to use simpler arrays not equipped with hydrophone positioning systems. 相似文献
8.
《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2014,346(11-12):307-316
We analyze the sensitivity of cross correlations to the anisotropy of the incident field in the context of seismic ambient noise monitoring of small velocity changes. Numerical simulations of elastic waves are performed in a 2D scattering plate with a focus on the comparative character of the direct and coda waves in the cross-correlation. We show that coda waves reconstructed from cross-correlations are far more robust than direct waves in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy of the incident field. We observe similar behavior with real data recorded on Erebus volcano, where a database of impulsive icequakes is used to simulate an anisotropic source field. We propose a simplified approach to evaluate the sensitivity of scattered waves to the anisotropy of the incoming noise field. We rely on previous results obtained for direct waves and on intrinsic properties of scattered waves to predict the errors produced by strong source anisotropy with numerical experiments. These results also yield realistic values for monitoring the accuracy to be expected with real data at crustal scales. Our analysis shows that high-precision noise-based monitoring could be performed with coda waves in the correlation functions, even in the presence of variations in the azimuthal distribution of the ambient noise field. 相似文献
9.
运用伏特拉核函数基本理论,建立了南桐矿区红岩煤矿矿井涌水量的线性、非线性核函数模型,介绍了计算核孙数模型所用的递归算法,同时对模拟结果的残差进行了分析,并用ＡＲ模型进行了改进。 相似文献
10.
Yu. N. Pariiskii N. S. Soboleva A. V. Temirova N. N. Bursov O. P. Zhelenkova 《Astronomy Reports》2012,56(5):336-344
Published data from long-term observations of a strip of sky at declination ?? ?? 5° carried out at 7.6 cm on the RATAN-600 radio telescope are used to estimate some statistical properties of radio sources. Limits on the sensitivity of the survey due to noise imposed by background sources, which dominates the radiometer sensitivity, are refined. The vast majority of noise due to background sources is associated with known radio sources (for example, from the NVSS with a detection threshold of 2.3 mJy) with normal steep spectra (?? = 0.7?C0.8, S ?? ?? ??? ), which have also been detected in new deep surveys at decimeter wavelengths. When all such objects are removed from the observational data, this leaves another noise component that is observed to be roughly identical in independent groups of observations. We suggest this represents a new population of radio sources that are not present in known catalogs at the 0.6 mJy level at 7.6 cm. The studied redshift dependence of the number of steep-spectrum objects shows that the sensitivity of our survey is sufficient to detect powerful FRII radio sources at any redshift, right to the epoch of formation of the first galaxies. The inferred new population is most likely associated with low-luminosity objects at redshifts z < 1. In spite of the appearance of new means of carrying out direct studies of distant galaxies, searches for objects with very high redshifts among steep and ultra-steep spectrum radio sources remains an effective method for studying the early Universe. 相似文献
11.
Heather Nicolson Andrew Curtis Brian Baptie Erica Galetti 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2012,123(1):74-86
Traditional methods of imaging the Earth's subsurface using seismic waves require an identifiable, impulsive source of seismic energy, for example an earthquake or explosive source. Naturally occurring, ambient seismic waves form an ever-present source of energy that is conventionally regarded as unusable since it is not impulsive. As such it is generally removed from seismic data and subsequent analysis. A new method known as seismic interferometry can be used to extract useful information about the Earth's subsurface from the ambient noise wavefield. Consequently, seismic interferometry is an important new tool for exploring areas which are otherwise seismically quiescent, such as the British Isles in which there are relatively few strong earthquakes. One of the possible applications of seismic interferometry is ambient noise tomography (ANT). ANT is a way of using interferometry to image subsurface seismic velocity variations using seismic (surface) waves extracted from the background ambient vibrations of the Earth. To date, ANT has been used successfully to image the Earth's crust and upper-mantle on regional and continental scales in many locations and has the power to resolve major geological features such as sedimentary basins and igneous and metamorphic cores. Here we provide a review of seismic interferometry and ANT, and show that the seismic interferometry method works well within the British Isles. We illustrate the usefulness of the method in seismically quiescent areas by presenting the first surface wave group velocity maps of the Scottish Highlands using only ambient seismic noise. These maps show low velocity anomalies in sedimentary basins such as the Moray Firth, and high velocity anomalies in igneous and metamorphic centres such as the Lewisian complex. They also suggest that the Moho shallows from south to north across Scotland which agrees with previous geophysical studies in the region. 相似文献
12.
随着多震源同时激发采集方法在地震油气勘探领域的应用逐年增加,许多学者对其关键技术多震源地震数据混叠噪声分离进行了研究,就目前为止,仍需开展保真度更高的方法研究。基于以下设想:对多震源地震数据做正常时差校正(NMO),可以加强反射信号的线性分布程度(尤其在共中心点CMP道集内),并扩大反射信号和混叠噪声的分布差异;单域分离混叠噪声,仅针对混叠噪声和反射信号的某一分布特性差异进行分离,多t-x域联合分离可综合利用各t-x域内混叠噪声和反射信号在各域内的分布差异,其分离效果更好。首先,通过对多震源数据CMP道集做NMO以强化反射信号的线性程度、扩大随机分布混叠噪声的离散程度,利用中值滤波分离大部分混叠噪声,再在其他t-x域内(如共炮点CSG道集、共检波点CRG道集和共偏移距COG道集等)根据残余混叠噪声分布特征利用随机噪声衰减等方法进一步分离,并在整个分离处理中使用保幅处理方法。提出的多t-x域联合分离混叠噪声方法,经理论数据验证,相较于单域分离方法可以有效且保真分离多震源数据中的混叠噪声,并对其他噪声和横波有一定的压制作用;实际数据应用效果表明,该方法比单域方法分离效果较好,叠后成像效果品质较高。多t-x域联合分离混叠噪声方法,能够稳定、可靠和保真地分离多震源地震数据中的混叠噪声。 相似文献
13.
Kernel Principal Component Analysis for Efficient,Differentiable Parameterization of Multipoint Geostatistics 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
This paper describes a novel approach for creating an efficient, general, and differentiable parameterization of large-scale
non-Gaussian, non-stationary random fields (represented by multipoint geostatistics) that is capable of reproducing complex
geological structures such as channels. Such parameterizations are appropriate for use with gradient-based algorithms applied
to, for example, history-matching or uncertainty propagation. It is known that the standard Karhunen–Loeve (K–L) expansion,
also called linear principal component analysis or PCA, can be used as a differentiable parameterization of input random fields
defining the geological model. The standard K–L model is, however, limited in two respects. It requires an eigen-decomposition
of the covariance matrix of the random field, which is prohibitively expensive for large models. In addition, it preserves
only the two-point statistics of a random field, which is insufficient for reproducing complex structures.
In this work, kernel PCA is applied to address the limitations associated with the standard K–L expansion. Although widely
used in machine learning applications, it does not appear to have found any application for geological model parameterization.
With kernel PCA, an eigen-decomposition of a small matrix called the kernel matrix is performed instead of the full covariance
matrix. The method is much more efficient than the standard K–L procedure. Through use of higher order polynomial kernels,
which implicitly define a high-dimensionality feature space, kernel PCA further enables the preservation of high-order statistics
of the random field, instead of just two-point statistics as in the K–L method. The kernel PCA eigen-decomposition proceeds
using a set of realizations created by geostatistical simulation (honoring two-point or multipoint statistics) rather than
the analytical covariance function. We demonstrate that kernel PCA is capable of generating differentiable parameterizations
that reproduce the essential features of complex geological structures represented by multipoint geostatistics. The kernel
PCA representation is then applied to history match a water flooding problem. This example demonstrates that kernel PCA can
be used with gradient-based history matching to provide models that match production history while maintaining multipoint
geostatistics consistent with the underlying training image. 相似文献
14.
15.
The results of analysis of wave modes in the ambient noise induced in the layered structure “lithosphere–hydrosphere–ice sheet” are presented. It is shown that instrumental monitoring over background noises in an ice-covered shallow sea allows us to apply methods of seismic tomography in order to determine the structural parameters of a layered geophysical media. 相似文献
16.
震旦系(埃迪卡拉系)陡山沱组是成冰系(南华系)极端冰期事件结束后首次沉积的泥岩和碳酸盐岩地层,大规模的海侵活动导致在全球广泛发育富有机质黑色页岩,可能是未来深层油气和页岩气勘探的重要烃源岩层.中国华南陡山沱组烃源岩分布广泛,由于受古构造格局、沉积相带等因素影响,烃源岩非均质性强、平面上分布差异大.本文在前人研究基础上,结合3个剖面的有机地球化学、古生物学和沉积地球化学等分析,对比华南10个典型剖面,分别对陡二段和陡四段烃源岩的沉积环境开展分析对比,认为陡二段烃源岩形成于海侵背景下的贫氧环境,陡四段烃源岩形成于海退背景下的缺氧滞留环境;多细胞藻类和疑源类是主要有机质母源.不同相带对比研究表明,台地相烃源岩主要发育在陡四段(TOC平均值为3.61％),斜坡相烃源岩在陡二段(TOC均值为2.20％)和陡四段均发育(TOC平均值为3.66％).烃源岩质量和厚度明显受控于沉积环境和古裂陷地质结构等.结合露头和钻井资料,对华南陡山沱组烃源岩分布及厚度开展预测和编图,提出了优质烃源岩分布的有利区域,为深层油气勘探和页岩气富集区预测提供了依据. 相似文献
17.
相对于常规射线层析速度建模,基于波动理论的层析速度建模考虑了波的带限特性,反演分辨率更高。波动理论层析的核心在于波路径(有限频核函数)的计算。文中详细介绍了一种基于高斯束算子计算有限频核函数的方法,分析了初始束宽度和高斯束出射角度间隔对计算精度的影响;并针对高斯束近源处误差较大的缺陷,提出了改进的束参数以提高近源精度;详细分析了初始束宽度和角度间隔对改进高斯束方法的影响及改进高斯束的聚焦特性;数值算例验证了该方法在缓变介质中计算有限频核函数的可行性,计算效率较高且可处理回折波的核函数。 相似文献
18.
Pankaj K. Mishra Sankar K. Nath Mrinal K. Sen Gregory E. Fasshauer 《Computational Geosciences》2018,22(5):1203-1218
Scattered data interpolation schemes using kriging and radial basis functions (RBFs) have the advantage of being meshless and dimensional independent; however, for the datasets having insufficient observations, RBFs have the advantage over geostatistical methods as the latter requires variogram study and statistical expertise. Moreover, RBFs can be used for scattered data interpolation with very good convergence, which makes them desirable for shape function interpolation in meshless methods for numerical solution of partial differential equations. For interpolation of large datasets, however, RBFs in their usual form, lead to solving an ill-conditioned system of equations, for which, a small error in the data can cause a significantly large error in the interpolated solution. In order to reduce this limitation, we propose a hybrid kernel by using the conventional Gaussian and a shape parameter independent cubic kernel. Global particle swarm optimization method has been used to analyze the optimal values of the shape parameter as well as the weight coefficients controlling the Gaussian and the cubic part in the hybridization. Through a series of numerical tests, we demonstrate that such hybridization stabilizes the interpolation scheme by yielding a far superior implementation compared to those obtained by using only the Gaussian or cubic kernels. The proposed kernel maintains the accuracy and stability at small shape parameter as well as relatively large degrees of freedom, which exhibit its potential for scattered data interpolation and intrigues its application in global as well as local meshless methods for numerical solution of PDEs. 相似文献
19.
国外大地电磁响应函数估计方法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从本质上来说,能否得到大地电磁响应函数的无偏估计,取决于实测电磁场时间序列中所含噪声的类型和强度。当磁场时间序列不含噪声且电场仅含不相关噪声时,单站ＲｏｂｕｓｔＬＳ方法是有效的;当磁场和电场时间序列同时含有不相关噪声时,Ｒｏｂｕｓｔ远参考方法也是有效的;但当磁场和电场时间序列含较强的相关噪声时,已有的方法已无能为力。文中在简要回顾大地电磁法的发展历史之后,对国外估计大地电磁响应函数的方法作了较全面的总结和评述,并着重介绍了几种值得关注的新方法。应该指出,受欢迎的方法必须兼顾估计的精度、稳定性和野外工作效率。 相似文献
20.
Seismic hazard assessment under complex source size distribution of mining-induced seismicity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
It is well-documented that a variety of factors controlling the rockmass fracturing process in mines often results in a complexity of mining event size distribution. In such cases, the estimation of the probability functions of source size parameterizations, with the use of presently known distribution models, brings about an unacceptable and systematic over- or underestimation of the seismic hazard parameters. It is, therefore, recommended that the non-parametric, kernel estimators of the event size distribution functions, be applied to stationary hazard studies in mining seismicity.These data-driven estimators, adapted to seismic source size characterization, accurately fit all kinds of data underlying distributions, regardless of their complexity. Recently, the non-parametric approach to size characterization was supported by a special method of uncertainty analysis based on resampling techniques. At present, it is a fully developed method, which provides point and interval estimates of size distribution functions and related hazard parameters. Two examples of its use in studying mining seismic data are presented and discussed in this paper. The analyzed data sets were recorded in two different copper mines in Poland. The smoothed bootstrap test for multimodality, which is a specialized tool for investigating the shapes of probability densities, provided highly significant proof that in both cases the probability densities of source size parameterization were complex thus implied the superiority of the non-parametric estimation to the classic, model-based approach in the studied cases. The data were then used to construct non-parametric, kernel estimates of the source size cumulative distribution function (CDF), the exceedance probability and the mean return period. Furthermore, confidence intervals for these quantities were also estimated. The intervals for CDF were narrow, showing that the procedures of non-parametric estimation and resampling based uncertainty analysis were precise. Due to the fact that the mean return period is very sensitive to values of the CDF, in particular for larger events sizes, the uncertainty of the return period estimates was not insignificant but remained manageable. The point and interval estimates of source size CDF and hazard parameters so obtained were compared with the respective point estimates achieved from the inappropriate in the case of complex magnitude distributions, model-based approach. 相似文献