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为了解决复杂城市环境下岩石边坡控制爆破的有害效应问题,依托某景区岩石边坡爆破工程,提出相应的爆破设计方案。方案采用以弱松动定向控制爆破为主,辅以浅孔城市爆破以及预裂爆破的爆破设计,提出了各爆破形式的爆破设计参数,设计了相应的起爆网络、起爆顺序及装药结构。通过严格执行该方案,大大降低了爆破振害,实际爆破施工效果达到预期目标。该设计可为其他复杂城市环境爆破工程提供参考。 相似文献
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广东省郁南县华新选矿厂拟爆破拆除的楼房,除倾倒方向外其余3个方向近距离均有保护设施或试验性保留的建筑,周围环境十分复杂。设计采取了单向倾倒∠形爆破切口,合理的爆破参数设计,可靠的爆破网路,严密的防护结构,恰当的切口支承柱切筋技术处理等一系列爆破与安全技术措施,精细化施工管理,确保了楼房向设定的方向精确爆破倒塌,而且基本不发生后坐,将建筑物的爆破塌散范围控制在安全范围内。同时,严格控制好爆破振动、爆破飞石、空气冲击波等有害效应,实现了楼房爆破拆除的成功。 相似文献
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隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
以万松岭隧道工程开挖为研究对象,对隧道工程开挖施工爆破地震波的振动监测方法及控制技术进行了研究。通过对爆破振动监测结果的回归分析,建立了隧道工程开挖爆破振动传播的数学模型;确立了其传播衰减规律。结合工程实际,提出了修正后的爆破地震波衰减经验数学公式;经对比分析,所得爆破地震波衰减规律公式预测的质点振动速度具有较高的精度。同时,结合该隧道工程开挖爆破施工,从选择合理爆破时差、最大装药量、微差起爆、掘进进尺、预裂爆破等5个方面提出了爆破振动控制技术措施使该隧道开挖施工爆破中的地面振动速度值控制在了安全范围以内,从而确保了施工段地面建筑群的安全和该隧道工程开挖爆破作业的安全。其研究对指导隧道工程开挖爆破施工和保证地面建筑物安全起到了重要作用。 相似文献
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介绍了季节性冻土的爆破类型、特点及破碎机理。通过对黑龙江省宝兴沟矿区冻土层下球状药包爆破工艺研究,成功解决了冻土层中探槽爆破施工难题。实践表明,只要根据当地气候、土质等实际情况合理选定爆破参数和技术经济指标,就可以有效控制爆破飞石,降低成本,提高施工效率,取得良好的爆破效果。给出了技术参数和参数指标,可为同类型探槽爆破施工提供参考。 相似文献
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露天矿高台阶爆破的数值分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高台阶爆破可行性研究属于多因素影响、复杂的系统工程。针对高台阶爆破的研究现状,提出了从爆破机制角度证实高台阶爆破可行性的方法,基于数值模拟方法对台阶爆破过程进行分析。通过对比现行普通台阶爆破与高台阶爆破过程中台阶难爆部位（台阶底部与顶部）应力场变化趋势,发现采用高台阶爆破可以得到与普通台阶爆破相当或更好的爆破效果。从爆破机制角度证实,高台阶爆破技术在巴润铁矿具有可行性。数值分析结果表明,高台阶爆破时采用的最佳起爆方式为全药柱同时起爆方式,其次为中间起爆和两端起爆方式,不适宜采用孔底起爆方式。 相似文献
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以三峡堤防工程基础开挖为研究对象,对堤防工程基础开挖爆破地震波的振动监测方法和监测物理量的选择进行了研究。通过对爆破振动监测结果的回归分析,确立了爆破振动速度的传播衰减规律。结合工程实际,对基础开挖爆破产生的地震波的振动频率与爆区周围建（构）筑物的自振频率进行了对比分析;经对比分析,此次开挖工程爆破引起的振动频率远大于周围民房结构的自振频率,从而保证了周围建（构）筑物的安全。同时,结合该堤防工程开挖爆破施工,从建（构）筑物的安全振动速度和爆破振动的安全距离两个方面确定了爆破振动安全控制建议标准。研究分析表明,本次爆破工程的振动速度和安全距离都在爆破振动安全控制标准的范围内,从而说明了本次爆破工程圆满安全地完成了施工任务,保证了爆破时周边建（构）筑物的安全;其研究对指导基础开挖爆破施工和保证地面建筑物安全起到了重要作用。 相似文献
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针对地下深孔爆破采矿过程中常出现的爆破后冲作用严重以及爆破块度不均匀等若干问题,以南方某铅锌矿实际采用的爆破、炸药和岩石参数为基础,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对矿山拟采用的不同装药量、不同耦合系数的6种装药结构建立了数值计算模型。通过分析爆炸仿真过程中的Von Mises有效应力信息,结合爆破破岩机制及Mises屈服理论,确定了深孔爆破的最佳炮孔装药结构。现场试验表明,优化的装药结构爆破块度均匀且爆破后冲作用得到有效控制,基本上解决了矿山深孔侧向爆破存在的问题,研究结果为深孔爆破的优化设计提供理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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A technique of peripheral presplitting blast with multi-ignitions of millisecond detonaters is put forward in this paper based on the characteristics of ridge blast for wave power station, the main ridge blasting with deep hole smooth blasting and casting blast of inclined holes. The formula to calculate explosive charge is established. Finally, the theory and process of this technique for ridge blasting are discussed. 相似文献
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D. Thornton S. S. Kanchibotla I. Brunton 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2002,6(2):169-188
Most blast fragmentation models assume the rock mass properties. explosive properties and blast design variables to be constants and uniformly distributed within a blast. However, in reality all these input variables vary within a blast resulting in variation in the resulting fragmentation size distribution. A stochastic modelling approach is introduced in this paper to quantify this variation. This technique takes the input variables as statistical distributions rather than constants and through several thousand iterations, generates a statistical representation of the expected fragmentation resulting from a poduction blast. A case study of three production blasts from a large open pit mine are presented and the modelled fragmentation 'envelope' shows good agreement with the fragmentation 'envelope' estimated from Split image analysis. The various blast-related parameters influence different parts of the fragmentation distribution, e.g., rock strength and explosive velocity of detonation have most impact on the fines. The technique is used to identify the parameters that have the greatest influence on various size fractions. Such an analysis will be useful to direct resources to efficiently minimise the variation. 相似文献
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B. A. Cheeseman S. Wolf C. F. Yen R. Skaggs 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2006,10(1):1-8
Shallow buried explosives pose a significant threat to lightweight vehicles and their onboard personnel. To date, designers of lightweight vehicles are limited in their knowledge of what occurs during the blast. The high intensity, short term loading imparted by the explosion is enormously complex and can be significantly affected by a number of parameters including the size, shape, type, detonation point and depth of burial (DOB) of the explosive and the type, density and water content of the soil. Recent advancements in numerical simulations have enabled the complex blast event to be accurately modelled by coupling Eulerian and Lagrangian analyses: the former is well suited to modelling the blast and while the latter, the structural response. Further validation of the modelling technique is considered in the current paper, which details simulations performed utilising the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian analysis to study the blast output of explosives buried in saturated sand. These experiments varied explosive charge size, its depth of burial, the target stand-off (SO) distance and the dimensions of the target plate. The investigation concludes with a discussion of the accuracy of the numerical simulations when compared with the experimental observations. 相似文献
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The influence of air deck blasting on blast performance and blast economics and its feasibility has been studied in the production blasting of soft and medium strength sandstone overburden rocks in an open pit coal mine in India. The air deck blasting technique was very effective in soft and medium strength rocks. Its main effects resulted in reducing fines, in producing more uniform fragmentation and in improving blast economics. The fines were reduced by 60–70% in homogeneous sandstones. Oversize boulders were reduced by 80% and shovel loading efficiency was improved by 20–40% in blocky sandstones. The explosive cost was reduced by 10–35% dependent on the type of rock mass. Throw, backbreak and ground vibration were reduced by 10–35%, 50–80% and 30–94% respectively. For a particular rock mass and blast design environment, air deck length (ADL) significantly influenced the fragmentation. ADL as represented by air deck factor (ADF) in the range of 0.10–0.35 times the original charge length (OCL) produced optimum results. ADF beyond 0.35 resulted in poor fragmentation and in inadequate burden movement. 相似文献
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In this paper, an experimental methodology is presented using digital image techniques to assess the internal microcracks and to quantify the rock damage within rock cores. The second part of the work is devoted to the numerical estimation of the tensile blast induced damage evolution law. The set up methodology is then applied to a set of limestone cores which were sampled before and after a real field blast round. The image analysis algorithm which was developed during the present work is based on a segmentation technique that uses a particular thresholding. Petrographic parameters, such as crack number, orientation, extension, centroid position were computed as a first step aiming at a fine characterization of the cracked medium. The most important estimated parameter is the specific crack area which is defined as the ratio between the crack area and the total image area. This parameter was taken as the rock internal damage. A dynamic tensile damage ordinary partial differential equation is numerically solved and calibrated with the obtained data in order to derive a general blast induced damage evaluation law within the muckpile blocks. The application of the numerical algorithm to cores coming from sampled blocks before and after real field blasts allowed the estimation of damage parameter and dynamic stress evolution histories as well as an estimation of the microfracturing activation and growth energies used during the blast. 相似文献