共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
资料表明，关中地区全新世大暖期土壤中的CaCO3受到了明显淋溶，部分土壤的CaCO3淀积层脱离了粘化层，发育了淋溶性土壤所特有的风化淋滤母质层；该层土壤发生了明显的化学粘化作用，并有Fe2O3和Al20，形成以及亚热带土壤所具有的淀积型红色光性粘土胶膜发育；粘土胶膜含量明显大于淋溶褐土而与黄棕壤接近。由此得出，全新世中期成壤作用比现今显著强，土壤应为发育弱的黄棕壤，当时气候比今明显暖湿；在全新世中期，来自东南的夏季降水气团能够较频繁地到达该区，秦岭已失去温带与亚热带气候分界线的作用，其南北两侧均为亚热带气候。 相似文献
2.
关中地区全新世大暖期的土壤与气候变迁 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
资料表明,关中地区全新世大暖期土壤中的CaCO3受到了明显淋溶,部分土壤的CaCO3淀积层脱离了粘化层,发育了淋溶性土壤所特有的风化淋滤母质层;该层土壤发生了明显的化学粘化作用,并有Fe2O3和 Al2O3形成以及亚热带土壤所具有的淀积型红色光性粘土胶膜发育;粘土胶膜含量明显大于淋溶褐土而与黄棕壤接近。由此得出,全新世中期成壤作用比现今显著强,土壤应为发育弱的黄棕壤,当时气候比今明显暖湿;在全新世中期,来自东南的夏季降水气团能够较频繁地到达该区,秦岭已失去温带与亚热带气候分界线的作用,其南北两侧均为亚热带气候。 相似文献
3.
我国北部土壤和第四纪沉积物中化学淀积物的形成和地理分布规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
第四纪沉积物在沉积过程中和沉积以后,常在成土作用和地下水化学作用的影响下,生成一系列新的化学淀积物质。这些物质的成分在很大程度上反映着该区域表生地球化学作用的特征。已经积累的大量实际资料表明,土壤和第四纪沉积物中的化学淀积物在 相似文献
4.
陕西洛川黄土中第5层古土壤与环境研究 总被引：3，自引：6，他引：3
野外调查和室内分析资料表明，黄土高原中部的洛川一带500ka前后发育的第5层古土壤上、下部分层的CaCO3淀积层和部分Fe2O3已迁出了古土壤层，该层古土壤是不具CaCO3淀积层的淋溶性中酸性土壤，剖面构型为Bts-Cs-Cl-Bk-C型。这一古土壤底部之下发育了风化淋滤黄土层，指示当时风化淋滤深度和强度比现今大，是250万年来最温湿气候事件的显示。该层古土壤发育时亚热带气候迁移到了黄土高原中部，当时年均温度为15℃左右，年均降水量为850mm左右。 相似文献
5.
黄土中古土壤淀积类型 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
作者在西安附近发现了第１、４层古土壤的双层淀积和第５、８层古土壤多层淀积现象。资料表明，双层淀积、多层淀积和厚度异常大的ＣａＣＯ３淀积层是土壤具多元发生过程或受后期淋溶的产物，它们常代表两个或两个以上的成壤期。第１层古土壤下部的两层结构均不属古土壤组合部分，该层土壤为中、酸性森林土壤。第８层古土壤特殊的厚层淀积代表了气候的多次变化和多个成壤期。第４、５层古土壤具不连续ＣａＣＯ３和Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ａｌ２ 相似文献
6.
陕西黄土高原500 ka BP的古土壤与气候带迁移 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
根据野外调查和室内分析，确定了长武和西安地区第5层古土壤的CaCO3和Fe2O3已迁出了古土壤，该层古土壤为酸性淋溶土壤。长武的西安第5层古土壤剖面构型分别为Bts-Cs-Cl-Bk-C型和Bts-Cf-Cs-Cl-Bk-C型，该层古土壤底部之下发育了有Fe2O3淀积的深部风化层，表明当时风化作用至少已开始进入铁铝氧化物迁移的化学风化中期阶段，Fe2O3、CaCO3迁移特征、孢粉、粘土矿物和深部风化层等6项指标显示距今500kaBP前后亚热带气候迁移到了黄土高原中部，当时年均降水量显著增加，在比今明显温暖的典型间冰期，秦岭已推动温带与亚热带分界线的作用，当时黄土高原生态环境大为好转。 相似文献
7.
也论我国西南高山地区暗针叶林下发育的土壤 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文以贡嘎山东坡和九寨沟自然保护区的暗针叶林下发育的土壤为例，研究其发生学特性，运用中国土壤系统分类方法作了新的分类尝试。结果表明，这类土壤存在有机酸的络合淋溶和淀积作用，表层泥炭积累明显。具有有机土壤物质聚积现象及灰化淀积层和漂白层的诊断表下层，将其归属灰土土纲、正常灰土亚纲、灰壤土类、泥炭灰壤亚类。 相似文献
8.
9.
关中平原420-350 ka BP的古土壤与环境 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对关中平原双竹村剖面、寇家坡剖面以及蓝田田家坡剖面、三官庙剖面、长安四府村剖面和宝鸡马家塬剖面黄土沉积中第4层古土壤的分析，发现西安、长安、蓝田和宝鸡中更新世中期发育的第4层古土壤已转变成为风化壳，厚度变化在3．5～3．7m之间。它由4层组成，最上部的第1层是发育好的红棕色粘化层(Bts)，第2层是具有铁质胶膜的风化淋滤黄土层(Cs)，第3层是不含铁质胶膜的风化淋滤黄土层(Cl)，第4层是CaCO3结核层(Ck)。对风化剖面中CaCO3含量、pH值、黏土含量，元素Sr、Fe2O3和Al2O3分析，表明该风化剖面受到了较强烈的风化淋溶和黏土化作用，并指示当时的风化淋滤深度明显超出了土壤粘化层的厚度。粘化层中黏土胶膜具亚热带土壤胶膜特征，具超微晶粒结构，由新生的蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石微晶粒构成，明显定向排列，这是其具有光性的原因。风化壳型古土壤的发育表明，在距今42．35万年前后，黄土高原东南部盛行亚热带气候。这一古土壤剖面构型为Bts-Cs-Cl-Ck-C，它发育时的年平均温度和降水量分别约为16℃和1000mm，比现代关中平原高约30℃和400mm。 相似文献
10.
为揭示西安地区全新世环境变化及其对人类活动的影响,论文运用土层元素含量、CaCO3含量和磁化率等指标研究了白鹿塬全新世各土层发育时的环境变化。结果表明：该区的中全新世古土壤受到中等程度的化学风化,尚未达到脱钾阶段,土壤类型为亚热带黄棕壤。该层古土壤发育时的年均温度约为16 ℃,年均降水量约为920 mm。中全新世夏季风活动占主导地位,夏季风带来的降水量约为570 mm。晚全新世黄土受到低等程度的化学风化,具有碱性褐色土的特点,发育时的年均温度为11~13 ℃,年均降水量为600~700 mm。晚全新世夏季风活动与冬季风相近,夏季风带来的降水量在350 mm左右。在中全新世晚期的6000~5000 a BP之间,发生了气候变冷干的事件,在冷干事件期间土壤侵蚀强烈,当时堆积的黄土在广大地区受到侵蚀消失,仅在少数剖面存留。晚全新世黄土发育时的沙尘暴堆积率至少是中全新世古土壤发育时的2.3倍。中全新世气候温暖湿润,导致古土壤粘化强、持水性较好、含水量充足,非常利于当时温带作物和部分亚热带作物发展与农业生产,这是当时人类活动较强和村落分布较广的主要原因。晚全新世黄土也具有优良土壤的特性,当时降水量和土壤水分含量基本能够满足温带旱地农业生产的需要,这是晚全新世关中平原人类活动逐渐增强的重要原因之一。 相似文献
11.
本文通过对科尔沁沙地南缘虻石沟黄土地层孢粉分析, 划出四个花粉带。Ⅰ带是榆, 榛, 蒿; Ⅱ和Ⅳ带是蒿、藜; Ⅲ带是蒿、菊科、禾本科。从中更新世至晚更新世期间植被与气候变化, 经历了榆树疏林草原(温和偏湿)→半荒漠草原(干冷)→干草原(温凉稍湿)→半荒漠草原(干冷)多次变化过程。孢粉分析表明, 我国北方黄土地层孢粉沮合特点, 由种类贫乏喜干旱的草本花粉组成, 木本花粉数量很少, 反映黄土堆积的干燥气候占主导。植被景观多半是森林草原, 疏林草原, 干草原, 榆树疏林草原, 半荒漠草原或荒漠草原型植被。 相似文献
12.
13.
Variable rates of loess deposition contributed to dramatic regional variation in a soil-stratigraphic unit, the Washtucna Soil, in the Palouse loess deposits in the Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington state. Throughout most of the Channeled Scabland, the morphology of the Washtucna Soil is that of a single buried soil, but it bifurcates into two well-developed and pedologically distinct buried soils in areas immediately downwind of the major source of loessial sediment. Regional loess stratigraphy confirms that the two well-developed soils formed during the same interval of time during which only one soil formed in areas that are distal to loess source areas. The variable and perhaps rapid rates of soil formation suggested by the stratigraphy resulted from an interaction between variable rates of loess deposition and the formation of superimposed calcic soils. Petrocalcic horizons with weak Stage IV morphology formed as the zone of carbonate accumulation moved up into former A and cambic horizons that had been profusely burrowed by cicadas. The development of cicada burrows in one phase of soil development that were subsequently engulfed by pedogenic carbonate under a rising land surface seems to have greatly accelerated the development of the petrocalcic horizons. Accelerated rates of formation of the petrocalcic horizons occurred when extrinsic (pulses of loess deposition) and intrinsic (engulfment of burrowed horizons) thresholds were exceeded. Stratigraphic evidence suggests that the soil formation that accompanied the rise in the land surface due to additional loess deposition may have occurred during the late Wisconsin glaciation when giant glacial outburst floods in the channeled Scabland triggered a new cycle of loess deposition. 相似文献
14.
We analyzed and estimated the distribution and reserves of soil organic carbon under nine different vegetation conditions
including alpine meadow, meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe, and temperate coniferous forest and so on, in the Ili
River valley, Xinjiang according to data from field investigations and laboratory analyses in 2008 and 2009. The study results
show that the soil organic carbon content in the Ili River valley varies with the type of vegetation. In the 0–50 cm soil
horizon, the soil organic carbon content is the highest under the vegetation types of alpine meadow and meadow steppe, slightly
lower under temperate coniferous forest and typical steppe, and the lowest under the intrazonal vegetation and desert vegetation
types. The soil organic carbon content shows basically a tendency to decrease as soil depth increases under various vegetation
types except in the case of the intrazonal vegetation. Similarly, the soil organic carbon density is the highest and varies
little under the vegetation types of alpine meadow, meadow steppe and temperate coniferous forest, and is the lowest under
the desert vegetation type. Both the soil organic carbon content and density in the topsoil of meadows in the Ili River valley
are high, so protecting meadows in the Ili River valley, and especially their topsoil, should be a priority so that the potential
of change in soil organic carbon in the shallow soil horizon is reduced, and this means maintenance of the stability of the
soil carbon pool. 相似文献
15.
萨拉乌苏河地区晚更新世环境演化 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
对萨拉乌苏河地区上更新统地层作进一步划分的基础上,本文论述本区晚更新世前期萨拉乌苏组沉积时的古地理环境为暖湿的森林草原.后期城川组主要形成于干冷的荒漠草原-荒漠环境,期间经历了一系列温凉湿润的灌丛草原-疏林草原、森林草原等环境的交替演化过程. 相似文献
16.
伊犁河谷不同植被带下土壤有机碳分布 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
结合2008年和2009年野外实地调查与室内分析的资料,运用方差分析等方法对伊犁河谷高山草甸、草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原、温性针叶林等9种不同植被条件下的土壤有机碳含量分布及其储量进行了分析估算.研究结果表明:伊犁河谷土壤有机碳含量因植被类型变化而不同.在0～50 cm土层范围,高山草甸、草甸草原土壤有机碳含量较高,其次是温性针叶林和典型草原,含量最低的是隐域植被和荒漠植被土壤.除隐域植被外,各植被类型下土壤有机碳含最基本呈随着土层深度增加而降低的,变化趋势.有机碳密度同样是高山草甸、草甸草原和温性针叶林土壤有机碳密度较高且比较相近,荒漠植被下土壤有机碳密度最低.伊犁河谷草地表层土壤有机碳含量高、密度大,因此应重视对伊犁河谷草地的保护,尤其要保护草地表层土壤以降低浅层土壤有机碳发生变化的可能性,维护土壤碳库的稳定性. 相似文献
17.
《地理学报(英文版)》2010,(5)
We analyzed and estimated the distribution and reserves of soil organic carbon under nine different vegetation conditions including alpine meadow,meadow steppe,typical steppe,desert steppe,and temperate coniferous forest and so on,in the Ili River valley,Xinjiang according to data from field investigations and laboratory analyses in 2008 and 2009.The study results show that the soil organic carbon content in the Ili River valley varies with the type of vegetation.In the 0-50 cm soil horizon,the soil organic carbon content is the highest under the vegetation types of alpine meadow and meadow steppe,slightly lower under temperate coniferous forest and typical steppe,and the lowest under the intrazonal vegetation and desert vegetation types.The soil organic carbon content shows basically a tendency to decrease as soil depth increases under various vegetation types except in the case of the intrazonal vegetation.Similarly,the soil organic carbon density is the highest and varies little under the vegetation types of alpine meadow,meadow steppe and temperate coniferous forest,and is the lowest under the desert vegetation type.Both the soil organic carbon content and density in the topsoil of meadows in the Ili River valley are high,so protecting meadows in the Ili River valley,and especially their topsoil,should be a priority so that the potential of change in soil organic carbon in the shallow soil horizon is reduced,and this means maintenance of the stability of the soil carbon pool. 相似文献
18.
根据对1980年汛期在黄河18个水文站采集样品的分析结果,本文讨论了黄河悬浮物的粒度、矿物和化学组成从上游到下游的地理分异。 相似文献
19.
Palaeoclimatic record from a loess–soil profile in northeastern Bulgaria—I. Rock magnetic properties
A detailed record of mineral magnetic properties of a loess–palaeosol profile comprising seven loess horizons, six interbedded palaeosols and recent soil at the top in NE Bulgaria is analysed. A strong contrast between the soil and loess susceptibilities as well as other concentration-dependent hysteresis parameters is present, similar to the well-documented magnetic characteristics of the Chinese loess ( Hus & Han 1992 ; Maher & Thompson 1992 ; Heller & Evans 1995 ; Hunt et al. 1995 ). The magnetic enhancement of the palaeosol units is caused by very fine-grained pedogenic magnetite with superparamagnetic behaviour. Thermomagnetic analyses on bulk material suggest magnetite and maghemite as the main ferrimagnetic carriers in both soil and loess horizons. Their relative proportions are shown to reflect different palaeoclimatic conditions. Chernozem soils, which include recent soil S0 and first and second palaeosols S1 and S2 developed under steppe vegetation, show a high degree of low-temperature oxidation of the pedogenic magnetite to maghemite. This material is characterized by coercive force H c showing even higher values than those of the parent loess material. The older palaeosols (S4 to S6 ) were formed during more humid climatic conditions and therefore probably developed as forest types. Rock magnetic data suggest the existence here of only partly oxidized magnetite grains. The behaviour of the thermomagnetic curves, characterized by a kink at 200 °C, may be due to either a release of internal stress (built up as a result of partial low-temperature oxidation) or interactions between two phases. 相似文献