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1.
汶川M_S 8.0特大地震破坏特征初步研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
2008年5月12日的汶川8.0级特大地震造成了巨大的人员伤亡和经济损失。地震现场考察认为:极震区烈度为Ⅺ度,表现为强烈的带状分布,且破坏很重,地震破坏在垂直于断裂的方向上衰减非常快;Ⅹ度区和Ⅸ度区垂直于断裂的方向上极窄,Ⅹ度区和Ⅸ度区偏小;烈度在断层两侧迅速衰减,但Ⅵ度、Ⅶ度区的影响范围非常大,Ⅵ度区的影响范围约24万km2。垂直于断裂的方向上南部破坏范围在Ⅵ度区远大于北部地区。在不同烈度区均出现了大量的烈度异常点。对各类建(构)筑物、地貌、地形的破坏类型、破坏方式均有了新的认识 相似文献
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Qilian Shan-Hexi Corridor is located at the northeastern margin of Tibetan plateau. Series of late Quaternary active faults are developed in this region. A number of strong earthquakes even large earthquakes occurred in history and present-day. In the past, the study of active faults in the area was mostly concentrated in the northern margin fault zone of the Qilian Shan on the south side of the corridor, while the research on the interior and the north side of the corridor basin was relatively rare. We found a new fault scarp in the northern part of the Baiyanghe anticline in Jiuxi Basin in 2010. It is an earthquake surface rupture zone which has never been reported before. In this paper, we carried out palaeoearthquake trench analysis on the newly found earthquake surface rupture zone and textual research of relevant historical earthquakes data.
According to the interpretation of aerial photo and satellite image and field investigation, we found the surface rupture has the length of about 5km. The rupture shows as an arc-shaped line and is preserved intact comparably. The lower terrace and the latest flood alluvial fan are offset in addition to modern gullies. By differential GPS measurement, the height of the scarp is about 0.5~0.7m in the latest alluvial fan and about 1.5m in the T1 terrace. From the residual ruins along the earthquake rupture zone, we believe the surface rupture might be produced by an earthquake event occurring not long ago. In addition, the rupture zone locates in the area where the climate is dry and rainless and there are no human activities induced damages. These all provide an objective condition for the preservation of the rupture zone. The trench along the fault reveals that the surface rupture was formed about 1500 years ago, and another earthquake event might have happened before it. Based on the textural research on the historical earthquake data and the research degree in the area at present, we believe that the surface rupture is related to the Yumen earthquake in 365, Yumen Huihuipu earthquake in 1785 or another unrecorded historical earthquake event. 相似文献
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2014年2月12日新疆自治区于田县发生了MS7.3级地震.在已知的三维介质模型、地形数据基础上,利用震源运动学初步反演模型（张勇等,2014）,作者采用曲线坐标网格三维曲线有限差分方法模拟了于田地震波场传播过程,并计算了模拟区域地震烈度分布.结果表明：地震最大烈度为7度,距离震中最近的于田县城烈度约为5度,断层西北侧地面震动略强于断层东南侧.另外模拟结果还显示地震动在山脊处具有较大的幅度.该地震本身主要能量释放区域在中地壳,主要滑动未及地表,因此对地表造成的破坏有限,这与目前尚无人员伤亡报告的情况相符合. 相似文献
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通过对2022年1月8日青海门源6.9级地震的震源机制、发震构造、房屋和重大生命线工程震害、地震地表破裂带等震害调查资料的综合分析,系统介绍了此次地震震源机制、发震构造、地震烈度分布特点、房屋破坏特征及机理、生命线工程破坏特征及地表破裂带特征。研究结果表明：门源6.9级地震震中位置位于冷龙岭断裂带的西段,性质以左旋走滑为主,其与震源机制解得到的结果相一致,均为走滑型破裂类型;地震最大烈度Ⅸ度,烈度Ⅵ度(含)以上面积约23 417 km2,等震线长轴呈NWW走向,长轴200 km,短轴153 km;整体上房屋破坏较轻,甘肃境内主要属Ⅶ和Ⅵ度区影响范围,极少部分为Ⅷ度区影响范围;此次地震中滑坡灾害和生命线工程震害较少,主要在Ⅸ和Ⅷ度区造成部分路面裂缝,最为严重的则为兰新高铁浩门至军马场区间祁连山一号隧道群线路桥梁严重受损,隧道震害主要集中在断层影响范围内,其中隧道受破坏严重段约350m,占隧道全长的5.33%,受破坏较严重段分别位于严重段大里程侧402m和小里程侧646m范围内,占隧道全长的15.96%,其余段落震害总体轻微;地震造成地表破裂带约22 km,地震造成的... 相似文献
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FU Rui SHAN Bin XIONG Xiong ZHENG Yong XIE Zu-jun LIU Cheng-li FANG Li-hua 《地震地质》2015,37(4):1084-1095
The studies of earthquake stress transfer and its influence on regional seismicity have found that earthquake occurrences are highly interactive and correlated rather than isolated and random in traditional point in recently years. A lot of phenomena in earthquake observations such as aftershock distribution, stress shadow, earthquake interaction and migration were well explained based on the theory of earthquake stress interaction. It is important that understanding the process of earthquake interaction could give an insight into the physical mechanism of earthquake cycle, and could help us assess the seismic hazard in future.It has long been recognized that regional stress accumulated by tectonic motion is released when earthquake occurs. When earthquakes occur, the accumulated stress does not vanish completely, but is redistributed through the process of stress transfer, and then the redistributed stress may trigger potential earthquakes. The increment of Coulomb failure stress loading in the certain regions may improve the seismic activities. By contrast, the decrement of Coulomb failure stress in the areas of stress shadow where the stress on faults may unload could lead to the decrement of seismic activities.On August 3, 2014, an MS6.5 earthquake occurred in Zhaotong-Ludian region, Yunnan Province, China, killing and injuring hundreds of people. Therefore, it is critical to outline the areas with potential aftershocks before reconstruction and re-settlement so as to avoid future disasters. Based on the elastic dislocation theory and multi-layered lithospheric model, we calculate the co-stress changes caused by the Zhaotong-Ludian earthquakes to discuss its influences on aftershock distribution and surrounding faults. It is shown that the Coulomb stress changes based on the rupture in the NNW direction can explain better the aftershock distribution. It indicates that the NNW direction may represent the real rupture. The aftershocks mainly distribute in the regions with increased stress along main rupture and west to the rupture. In other regions with increased stress, the distributions of aftershock are rare which may indicate the low tectonic stress accumulation in these regions. The stress accumulation and corresponding seismic hazard on the southern part of Zhaotong Fault, Qiaojia segment of Zemuhe-Xiaojiang Fault and northeastern part of Lianfeng Fault are further increased by the Zhaotong-Ludian earthquake. We should pay special attention to the southern part of Zhaotong Fault where seismic activity is very high in recently years and the increment of Coulomb failure stress in this area is more than 0.1bar(0.1bar is the threshold of earthquake triggering). In order to make a more objective and comprehensive discussion, we calculate the sensitivity of the parameters such as effective coefficient of friction, the calculated depth and multilayered crustal model. 相似文献
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The 1975 Haicheng MS7.3 earthquake affected whole Korean Peninsula and even Kyushu,Japan.In this paperisoseismal map of this earthquake was drawn for these areas by sorting out and analyzing data systematically col-lected,furthermore,the characteristics of the earthquake damage were discussed.In the northern Korean Peninsula,the intensity is V in great majority of this area except local area with intensity VI,and the damage is basically inaccordance with typical characteristics of corresponding intensity grade.In the southern Korean Peninsula,theintensity is IV in large part of the area,however,in some big cities such as Seoul etc.,not only high buildingsshook strongly,but also some people appeared perceptions such as feeling dizzy and so on,and electrical servicewas interrupted on one or two districts because of transformer tripping.These phenomena could be caused by theeffect of long-period wave generated from a large earthquake on far-field. 相似文献
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2013年4月20日四川芦山发生7.0级地震.本文运用反投影远震P波的方法研究了中心频率为1 Hz的芦山地震震源破裂特征.研究结果显示2013年芦山7.0级地震破裂长度约为20 km,震源破裂时间约为26 s.本文认为在芦山地震的开始阶段(0~4 s)震源的破裂是向震中位置两侧进行的.而芦山地震破裂的第二阶段(5~26 s)是单侧破裂.芦山地震最大能量释放区域位于震中以北.本文对比了运用相同方法研究的发生在同一断裂带上的2008年汶川地震震源破裂特征.发现2013年芦山地震和2008年汶川地震有三点相似之处,即,破裂主要沿北东走向的龙门山断裂带发展;最大能量释放区域没有位于震中;能量都是通过多次子事件来释放的,且第二次能量释放是最大能量释放.对比两次地震破裂区域,可以看出芦山地震的破裂区域是在2008年汶川地震破裂区域的西南端发展的.两次地震的破裂区域占了整个龙门山断裂带的三分之二. 相似文献
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运用地震破裂过程快速反演方法,在2009年9月29日萨摩亚群岛地区地震发生后,采用全球地震台网(GSN)的宽频带地震资料,快速反演了这次地震的破裂过程,并于震后3.5小时内得出了这次地震破裂过程的反演结果.结果表明,这次萨摩亚群岛地区地震的破裂过程具有如下基本特征:①矩震级约为MW8.0;②地震主要破裂持续时间约为138s;③滑动量在断层面上的分布比较复杂,整个地震破裂包含至少2个滑动量较大的区域;④这次地震基本上是一次单侧破裂事件,破裂主要朝向西北方向. 相似文献
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Fault plane parameters of Sanhe-Pinggu M8 earthquake in 1679 determined using present-day small earthquakes 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xiaoshan Wang Xiangdong Feng Xiwei Xu Guiling Diao Yongge Wan Libin Wang Guangqing Ma 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(6):607-614
The great Sanhe-Pinggu M8 earthquake occurred in 1679 was the largest surface rupture event recorded in history in the northern part of North China plain. This study determines the fault geometry of this earthquake by inverting seismological data of present-day moderate-small earthquakes in the focal area. We relocated those earthquakes with the double-difference method. Based on the assumption that clustered small earthquakes often occur in the vicinity of fault plane of large earthquake, and referring to the morphology of the long axis of the isoseismal line obtained by the predecessors, we selected a strip-shaped zone from the relocated earthquake catalog in the period from 1980 to 2009 to invert fault plane parameters of this earthquake. The inversion results are as follows: the strike is 38.23°, the dip angle is 82.54°, the slip angle is -156.08°, the fault length is about 80 km, the lower-boundary depth is about 23 km and the buried depth of upper boundary is about 3 km. This shows that the seismogenic fault is a NNE-trending normal dip-slip fault, southeast wall downward and northwest wall uplift, with the right-lateral strike-slip component. Moreover, the surface rupture zone, intensity distribution of the earthquake and seismic-wave velocity profile in the focal area all verified our study result. 相似文献
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基于GIS点格局方法,从余震点分布的不确定性以及烈度区与点空间距离格局的关系角度研究了汶川及芦山余震点格局．结果表明:余震在较小尺度内接近随机分布且关联效应明显; 在较大尺度内余震聚集分布,空间距离关联仍呈幂律关系,无标度区间的上下限与不同烈度区的长短轴间存在关联．汶川、 芦山余震形成东北—西南向矩形的热点、 次热点分布区,区域内最邻近指数为0.99,0.76; 映秀Ⅺ度、 芦山Ⅸ度烈度区内最邻近指数分别为1.02和0.95,显示余震点在强烈度、 高聚集区内趋向随机分布．余震点距离关联特征表明:汶川余震在13.5—20 km和30—43 km区间,芦山余震在7—14.5 km区间内关联程度显著; 汶川余震在66—82 km、 225—236 km、 317—321.5 km区间以及芦山余震在15.5—22 km、 23—32.5 km、 33.5—43.5 km区间仍呈幂律关系. 该结果与汶川地震Ⅺ—Ⅸ度、 芦山地震Ⅸ—Ⅶ度烈度分布区域的长短轴存在一定关联,321.5 km和40 km与两次地震主破裂面长度也较为吻合. 对比核密度估计与地震烈度图可以看出: 带宽越小,核密度面积与较高烈度区域的一致性越大; 随着带宽的扩大,核密度面积与烈度区的差异也越大． 相似文献
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1998年张北6.2级地震宏观烈度 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
充分利用震害评估和宏观考察的资料 ,采用震害程度和震害指数 2个标准共同确定了1 998年张北 6.2级地震的宏观烈度。极震区烈度为 度 ,呈 NWW和 NNE双向分布 ,以NWW为主 ,面积 1 35km2 。 度区呈 NE、NW双向伸展图象 ,但是 SE方向伸展不足 ,面积约340 km2。地震重伤人员普遍集中在 度区和 度区。 度区亦呈 NE、NW双向伸展图象 ,但是 NW、SW方向延伸长 , 度区面积约 1 0 0 0 km2 。宏观震中 :北纬 41°0 9′,东经 1 1 4°2 7′。在极震区的 NNE、SSW和 NWW方向 ,存在 3个烈度异常区 ,它们分别在极震区 3个分支的延伸方向上。文中讨论了烈度不高而震后较重的原因。震区没有发现地表破裂带 ,也没有发现第四纪强烈活动的大型断裂。极震区为主的 NWW方向和震前存在的小地震条带吻合 ,暗示可能存在成因上的联系 相似文献
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使用远场体波资料和有限断层方法快速反演获得了2013年4月12日芦山地震的震源破裂过程模型,并计算了震中区理论烈度分布.结果显示这次地震是发生在龙门山断裂带南端的一次Mw6.7级的逆冲型地震,最大滑动量159 cm,震中区烈度达Ⅷ-IX度(中国地震烈度表).这次地震的震源性质与汶川地震同为逆冲型破裂,主要破裂滑动发生在汶川地震后的库伦应力增加区域,表明汶川地震对这次地震有触发效应,在宏观上可视为汶川地震一次"迟到"的强余震. 相似文献
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The characteristics of tectonic stress field about strike slip earthquake－generating structure in the Chinese mainland 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
（环文林，汪素云，宋昭仪）Ｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄａｂｏｕｔｓｔｒｉｋｅｓｌｉｐｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ－ｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｎｇｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｎｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｍａｉｎｌａｎｄ￥Ｗｅｎ－Ｌｉｎ... 相似文献
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地震强地面运动预测对工程的抗震设计,地震危害性分析以及减轻特定地区可能发生的大地震所造成的灾害具有重要的作用.本文根据辽宁省海城地区的地质资料和发生于1975年2月4日辽宁省海城市的MS7.3地震资料,分别构造了海城地区的地下速度结构和海城地震的震源模型,并且使用可以准确描述地形起伏的曲线网格有限差分方法计算了海城地震的波场传播过程.通过对计算得到的波场快照、合成理论地震图以及地震烈度的分析表明：（1）震源模型、地下的速度结构和地形起伏对海城地震的波场传播模拟具有重要的影响,它们所产生的近断层效应、方向性效应和盆地效应明显;（2）通过计算得到的海城地震的理论烈度分布与通过震后调查得到的烈度分布大体符合,验证了本文所构造的震源模型和速度结构的合理性. 相似文献
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利用P、SH、SV波的初动及振幅比获得2001年4月至2012年8月山东及附近区域132次地震震源机制解,对该区域地震断层的错动性质及地壳应力场特征进行分析.结果表明,山东及附近区域地震断层错动的基本方向为北东向和北西向,错动方式以走向滑动为主,部分为斜向滑动.分区研究表明：聊考断裂带附近区域所受挤压作用相对较强,逆断型地震破裂较多;胶东半岛及北侧海域所受拉张作用略占优势,逆断型地震破裂较少;沂沭断裂带南部附近区域逆断型与正断型的地震破裂所占比例差别不大. 相似文献
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马亮 《地震地磁观测与研究》2017,38(5):1-7
2016年青海门源M_S 6.4地震具有显著特征,如:余震强度低、能量释放水平低、震害较轻等。震区地震构造表现出一定规律性,如:冷龙岭断裂呈周期性破裂,发震断裂含多支相互斜交的分支断裂等。虽然地震前小震活动未能提供有价值的预测信息,但震中落入2015年甘肃省年度危险区。本文对此次地震的震源机制解、地震序列衰减、震害特点及冷龙岭断裂带构造进行分析,给出地震序列属性、发震断层及错动动力源,提出地震并未发生在冷龙岭主断裂的证据,从而为震区及邻区地震活动状态与孕震机制判定提供参考,并为后续震情判定提供震例与数据。 相似文献
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龙陵 -澜沧新生断裂带的地震活动具频度高、强度大、周期短等特征 ,并以双震或震群型为主。断裂带由多条次级新生断层组成 ,呈斜列或共轭式展布 ,根据结构、规模、地震活动差异等因素把断裂带划分为 4个一级段、13个二级段 ,其中有 4个二级段又可划分出 8个三级段。历史上发生过大震、强震并有地震断层伴生的断层段为地震破裂单元 ;断裂带上晚第四纪有活动并有古地震事件 ,但无历史地震记载的地段为断层闭锁单元 ;次级断层之间的阶区或连接点为障碍体单元。从地震破裂特征分析 ,断裂带由破裂、闭锁、障碍体单元组成 ,根据地震、古地震、活断层、断层阶区的活动规律 ,断裂带可划分出 9个破裂单元、8个闭锁单元、10个障碍体单元。三者之间呈迁移、触发和转换能量的关系。根据这些关系和地震构造标志 ,对断裂带上未来可能发生大震、强震、中强震的地区分别作了预测。预测的危险区有 9个 ,其中大震区 1个 (永康 -永德地区 ) ,强震区 3个 (马站、石灰窑、酒房-勐混 ) ,中强震区 5个 (下顺江、里仁、大岗山、南明 -澜沧、勐遮 相似文献
20.
云南鲁甸6.5级地震灾害特点浅析 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
通过对2014年8月3日云南鲁甸6.5级地震震害开展实地调查,对灾区破坏情况进行总体介绍,并就各烈度区特征和建筑物震害、地震地质灾害、工程结构震害进行分析,初步得出本次地震的一些震害特点.一是灾区人口密度大,人员死亡较集中.人员死亡主要集中在Ⅷ和Ⅸ度区.二是地震振动强,灾区破坏严重.本次地震震源深度12km,极震区烈度高达Ⅸ度,震源破裂在11s内集中释放.三是抗震能力弱,房屋破坏严重.灾区属国家级贫困区,农村民居抗震能力弱,且多数民房坐落在河谷陡坡上,边坡效应加重房屋震害,重灾区砖木和土木房屋成片损毁、倒塌.四是灾区条件恶劣,救灾难度大.震区活动断裂密集发育、地质破碎疏松、地形崎岖不平,又恰值雨季,诱发极其严重次生地质灾害,导致人员伤亡,造成灾区大面积交通、通信、电力中断,救援物资与救援力量无法及时发挥作用. 相似文献