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三都湾互花米草的遥感监测 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文尝试通过分析滩涂上外来入侵植物群落的植物学和生态学特征,就闽东宁德地区三都湾海域的互花米草生长与变化状况,探讨如何实现利用遥感数据快速监测滩涂上的外来入侵植物的方法,为生物入侵监控工作提供决策依据.研究表明以缨帽变换的方法处理LandsatETM 和TM多光谱数据所获得的土壤视面和植被视面为基础,进行分层次分类可监测滩涂上互花米草的生长与分布扩展状况. 相似文献
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互花米草入侵对闽东滨海湿地土壤有机碳的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(1)
探讨入侵种互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)对闽东滨海红树林湿地生态系统的影响,揭示互花米草的入侵机制,采用空间替代时间的研究方法,对闽东滨海湿地互花米草入侵不同阶段的群落类型(秋茄(Kandelia candel)红树林群落、秋茄红树林-互花米草共生群落、互花米草群落和光滩)土壤有机碳(TOC)的演化进行研究。结果表明:1)水平变化:4个不同入侵阶段TOC大小次序为:秋茄红树林群落秋茄-互花米草群落互花米草群落光滩,且秋茄红树林群落0-60cm土层深度有机碳平均值24.8g·kg~(-1),互花米草群落则为11.73g·kg~(-1),说明互花米草入侵闽东滨海红树林湿地有可能大大削弱该生态系统的碳汇功能。4个不同群落类型0-20cm土层深度的TOC不具有显著性差异(P0.05),但20-40cm、40-60cm土层深度具有显著性差异(P0.05);2)垂直变化:除互花米草群落TOC在40-60cm土层达到最大外(P0.05),其他3个群落类型都是在20-40cm土层深度达到最大(P0.05);3)相关性:土壤容重与土壤含水量存在极显著的负相关性(P0.01),TOC和土壤容重存在极显著的负相关性(P0.01),TOC与土壤含水量存在极显著的正相关性(P0.01)。 相似文献
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福建沿岸海域互花米草的分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2007～2008年利用遥感影像结合实地核对,全面调查福建沿岸海域互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的分布.调查结果表明全省沿岸海域互花米草分布面积为99.24 km2,宁德市沿岸海域互花米草的面积最大,达66.29 km2.互花米草已经入侵大多数港湾,其中三沙湾分布面积最大,达62.45 km2,占全省沿岸海域互花米草总面积的62.93%.在13个主要港湾中,互花米草对三沙湾内潮间带滩涂的占有率最高,达20.86%.福建省主要河口海域大多受到互花米草的入侵,分布面积较大的有赛江口、闽江口、晋江口、九龙江口、漳江口海域,入侵面积分别为6.44、5.77、6.64、3.55和2.75 km2.因此,必须采取一些必要的措施减轻或避免互花米草对本地河口滩涂湿地生态系统的破坏. 相似文献
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湿地生态系统是影响气候变化的活性气体的重要“源”或“汇”,随着人类活动的增加和气候变化的加剧,湿地生态系统活性气体对全球气候变化的影响越来越受到关注。已开展的研究主要集中于二氧化碳(CO2)、甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N2O)和二甲基硫(DMS)等活性气体。本文综述了湿地生态系统CO2、CH4、N2O和DMS的交换通量、时空变化特征以及影响因素。然而,目前对湿地生态系统活性气体的研究还不够系统和深入,对不同类型湿地的活性气体的源汇格局,碳氮硫的耦合作用机制、人类活动和环境压迫的影响等开展系统地研究,才能定量评价其对全球气候变化的贡献,并阐明变化趋势。 相似文献
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基于SPOT6遥感影像的滩涂湿地入侵种互花米草植株高度的反演研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以SPOT6 高空间分辨率遥感影像为数据源,通过植被覆盖度和地上生物量两个参数进行滩涂湿地入侵种互花米草植株高度的估算研究。结果表明,三沙湾滩涂湿地互花米草植株高度平均值为2.04 m,以1~2 m和2~3 m植株为主要分布高度,分布面积分别为6.83 km2和10.31 km2,占研究区互花米草总面积的33.83%和51.06%,小于1 m和大于3 m的互花米草仅占9.26%和5.84%。估算值与真实值之间的均方根误差为0.204,绝对误差为0.04~0.37 m。该方法是对高空间分辨率光学影像应用研究的重要尝试,其反演方法具有较好的可行性,可较为准确的获取滩涂湿地植株高度信息。 相似文献
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潮滩作为重要的湿地类型和高效的有机碳汇备受关注,近期围垦、养殖等人类活动和互花米草入侵对潮滩生化环境和有机碳埋藏产生了重要影响。本研究选取了福建三沙湾三处不同植被类型的潮滩各取得沉积物短柱样,测定沉积物的总有机碳含量(TOC)、稳定碳同位素(δ13C),结合210Pbex测试计算的沉积速率,估算了不同区域的有机碳埋藏通量(BC)。结果表明,互花米草阶段和红树林阶段TOC含量分别为0.67%和0.95%,比对应的光滩阶段分别提高了13.6%和26.7%,表明红树林对潮滩固碳效率的提升比互花米草更加显著。在两者的共同生长区域,随时间推移TOC含量显著下降,表明互花米草入侵挤占红树林生长空间之后,降低了潮滩的固碳效率。短柱样沉积物δ13C值分布范围在-24.70~-21.87‰,主要体现海源有机质同位素特征,但也会受潮滩植被生长类型影响。对各短柱样有机碳埋藏通量进行估算,得到研究区红树林生长阶段BC平均值为149.53 g/m2/yr,远高于互花米草生长阶段的平均值57.37 g/m2/yr。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2016,(6)
海岸带盐沼是全球生物地球化学循环的重要的一环,对全球气候变化也产生深远影响。2013年7月(生长季)和2013年12月(非生长季)在中国江苏省盐城海岸带盐沼湿地采用静态箱技术原位测定DMS的通量。结果表明,盐城海岸带盐沼湿地整体上表现为DMS的源。植被带及光滩上,互花米草带具有最高的DMS排放率38.06±8.97mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1);距离潮沟远近上,潮沟内DMS通量0.35±0.11mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1)远小于近潮沟10.30±5.09mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1)与远潮沟9.57±4.04mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1)DMS通量;非生长季DMS通量14.31±5.80mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1)高于生长季的DMS通量5.56±2.63mg·m~(-2)·d~(-1)。地上植被及其残留根系、潮水的周期性变化均影响DMS的通量大小。 相似文献
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射阳河口互花米草入侵对大型底栖动物群落的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年11月至2009年10月,在盐城自然保护区射阳河口滩涂分别于潮间带、潮上带和潮沟中设置互花米草区与非米草区2类对照样地(共6类生境),按月份取样来研究大型底栖动物群落特征的差异,探讨互花米草入侵对底栖动物的影响。共发现大型底栖动物22种,隶属3门4纲17科,其中软体动物13种,节肢动物6种,环节动物3种。米草区和非米草区的物种组成不同,各生境在不同月份大型底栖动物的物种数、密度、生物量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均在不断波动,在潮间带上述指标均为In>Ig,潮上带除密度外均为Sn>Sg,潮沟边滩除个别月份外均为Cg>Cn;3类互花米草生境中大型底栖动物群落各项指标月间变动趋势基本一致(仅个别月份例外),均表现为Cg>Sg>Ig,互花米草生境存在共同的优势种,但数量有一定的差异。分别对潮间带、潮上带和潮沟中互花米草区与非米草区2类对照样地的物种数、密度、生物量以及Shannon-Weiner多样性指数H’进行生境-月份间无重复双因素方差分析,结果显示潮间带2类对照样地各项指标在生境间差异均极显著,月份间差异均不显著;潮上带2类对照样地各项指标生境间存在极其显著的差异(除密度外),月份间差异显著(除多样性外);潮沟2类对照样地生境间差异显著(除生物量外),月份间差异均显著。研究结果表明不同生境中的互花米草对底栖动物的影响不甚相同:潮间带互花米草的入侵降低了大型底栖动物的物种数、密度、生物量和多样性;潮沟米草的入侵提高了大型底栖动物的物种数、密度和多样性;而潮上带米草入侵对大型底栖动物的各指标影响不一。 相似文献
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Y.W. Watanabe H. Yoshinari A. Sakamoto Y. Nakano N. Kasamatsu T. Midorikawa T. Ono 《Marine Chemistry》2007,103(3-4):347-358
We proposed an empirical equation of sea surface dimethylsulfide (DMS, nM) using sea surface temperature (SST, K), sea surface nitrate (SSN, μM) and latitude (L, °N) to reconstruct the sea surface flux of DMS over the North Pacific between 25°N and 55°N: ln DMS = 0.06346 · SST − 0.1210 · SSN − 14.11 · cos(L) − 6.278 (R2 = 0.63, p < 0.0001). Applying our algorithm to climatological hydrographic data in the North Pacific, we reconstructed the climatological distributions of DMS and its flux between 25 °N and 55 °N. DMS generally increased eastward and northward, and DMS in the northeastern region became to 2–5 times as large as that in the southwestern region. DMS in the later half of the year was 2–4 times as large as that in the first half of the year. Moreover, applying our algorithm to hydrographic time series datasets in the western North Pacific from 1971 to 2000, we found that DMS in the last three decades has shown linear increasing trends of 0.03 ± 0.01 nM year− 1 in the subpolar region, and 0.01 ± 0.001 nM year− 1 in the subtropical region, indicating that the annual flux of DMS from sea to air has increased by 1.9–4.8 μmol m− 2 year− 1. The linear increase was consistent with the annual rate of increase of 1% of the climatological averaged flux in the western North Pacific in the last three decades. 相似文献
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二甲基硫的海洋化学研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
二甲基硫（ＤＭＳ） 是海洋排放到大气中的最主要的生源硫化物。作者综述了ＤＭＳ在海洋中的分布特征、影响ＤＭＳ转化的因素、ＤＭＳ的海空扩散及其对环境的影响等。ＤＭＳ在海洋中存在很大程度的时空变化,这一变化不仅与海洋初级生产力水平有关,而且还与浮游植物的种类组成密切相关。微生物的降解、光化学的氧化以及海空扩散是ＤＭＳ在海洋中迁移变化的三个最重要的途径。ＤＭＳ的海－ 空扩散也存在较大的时空变化。ＤＭＳ的释放会对全球的气候变化和酸雨的形成产生重要的影响。本文同时就国内外的研究现状和今后的研究方向进行了分析和总结。 相似文献
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Spatial variations in dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) were surveyed in the surface microlayer and in the subsurface waters of the low productivity South China Sea in May 2005. Overall, average subsurface water concentrations of DMS and DMSP of dissolved (DMSPd) and particulate (DMSPp) fractions were 1.74 (1.00-2.50), 3.92 (2.21-6.54) and 6.06 (3.40-8.68) nM, respectively. No enrichment in DMS and DMSPp was observed in the microlayer. In contrast, the microlayer showed a DMSPd enrichment, with an average enrichment factor (EF, defined as the ratio of the microlayer concentration to subsurface water concentration) of 1.40. In the study area, none of the sulfur components were correlated with chlorophyll a. An important finding in this study was that DMS, DMSP and chlorophyll a concentrations in the surface microlayer were respectively correlated with those in the subsurface water, suggesting a close linkage between these two water bodies. The ratios of DMS:Chl-a and DMSPp:Chl-a showed a gradually increasing trend from North to South. This might be due to changes in the proportion of DMSP producers in the phytoplankton community with the increased surface seawater temperature. A clear diurnal variation in the DMS and DMSP concentrations was observed at an anchor station with the highest concentrations appearing during the day and the lowest concentrations during the night. The higher DMS and DMSP concentrations during daytime might be attributed to the light-induced increase in both algal synthesis and exudation of DMSP and biological production of DMS. The mean flux of DMS from the investigated area to the atmosphere was estimated to be 2.06 micromo lm(-2)d(-1). This low DMS emission flux, together with the low DMS surface concentrations was attributed to the low productivity in this sea. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(26):2918-2927
Atmospheric trace gas measurements were conducted during SEEDS-II. Atmospheric dimethylsulfide (DMS) was continuously measured by GC-MS during the R/V Hakuho cruise. Further, ambient air was sampled into canisters (42 samples) and analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID for various biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) after the cruise. CO, O3, SO2, and NOx were monitored continuously aboard the ship.A fertilization experiment was conducted in a high-nitrate, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) region (48°N, 165°E). The atmospheric concentrations inside a patch (fertilized area) were compared with those outside it (natural area); however, clear differences were not observed for biogenic trace gasses (DMS, CH3Cl, CH3I, isoprene, and alkenes) in the atmosphere. However, a high DMS concentration was observed over the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The fertilized area was also observed by R/V Kilo Moana, and DMS was measured by GC-FPD. A good agreement was observed between the results of the measurements made aboard the two independent ships by different measurement methods.The atmospheric SO2 concentration was compared with the atmospheric DMS concentration. The SO2 concentration was found to vary with the atmospheric DMS concentration. A diurnal variation of the atmospheric DMS concentration was observed around the fertilized region. The DMS content tends to increase during the night and decrease during the day. A box model calculation was conducted to explain the diurnal variation of the atmospheric DMS. Since there was no diurnal variation of the wind speed, a constant DMS flux from the ocean surface was assumed. Further, the atmospheric OH radical concentration was assumed to be dependent on sunlight. The box model can roughly reproduce the atmospheric DMS diurnal variation mainly caused by its removal reaction with OH radicals. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(26):2899-2917
Simultaneous measurements of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the seawater and atmosphere were conducted during SEEDS-II to investigate the responses of DMS to iron (Fe) fertilization in the subarctic North Pacific. No significant increases in the seawater DMS (DMSw) concentration were observed inside the fertilized patch compared to those outside the patch, while particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPp) concentration inside the patch increased 2-fold compared to those outside the patch in the phytoplankton bloom of major DMSP producers such as prasinophytes, cryptophytes, diatoms and prymnesiophytes. In the decline phase of the bloom, maximum DMSw was observed both inside the patch (ca. 6.2 nM) and outside the patch (ca. 9.3 nM). In this period, increases in mesozooplankton and decreases in the DMSP producers (prymnesiophytes and diatoms) were observed both sides of the patch, but larger inside the patch than outside the patch. Large decreases in the DMSPp inside the patch, which was probably related to the large increases in mesozooplankton inside the patch, did not result in increases in the DMSw concentration. Considering biological and nonbiological parameters, we discussed these results, although they could not be completely explained. Unfortunately, the impact of Fe fertilization on the atmospheric DMS (DMSa) concentration was not detected due to no significant changes in DMSw. However, it is noted that DMSa concentrations were dependent on the sea–air DMS flux in the air from higher latitudes and/or the Eurasian continent, though the DMS flux was a minor role to the budget of DMSw. Therefore if DMSw were significantly changed by Fe fertilization, DMSa might be affected through changes in the sea-air flux in this condition. 相似文献
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Reviews on the cunent studies on the sea to air flux ofdimethyl sulfide (DMS) have been made at home and abroad, pointing out that the flux of DMS is influenced by many factors.There is great difference between the results coming fiom different models. Besides, this paper focuses on the oxidation mechanisms of DMS by OH and NO3 radicals after it enters the atmosphere, the oxidation products' contribution to acid rain and fog and the relationships among the DMS, CCN and climate system. 相似文献
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黄、渤海二甲基硫化物的浓度分布与迁移转化速率研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
于2015年8-9月对黄、渤海海域进行现场调查，研究了海水中二甲基硫（DMS）、β-二甲巯基丙酸内盐（DMSP）、二甲亚砜（DMSO）的浓度分布、相互关系及影响因素，测定了DMS的生物生产与消耗、光化学氧化和海-气扩散速率，对DMS的迁移转化速率进行综合评价。结果表明:表层海水中DMS、溶解态DMSP（DMSPd）、颗粒态DMSP（DMSPp）、溶解态DMSO（DMSOd）和颗粒态DMSO（DMSOp）浓度的平均值分别为（6.12±3.01）nmol/L、（6.03±3.45）nmol/L、（19.47±9.15）nmol/L、（16.85±8.34）nmol/L和（14.37±7.47）nmol/L，整体呈现近岸高远海低，表层高底层低的趋势。DMS、DMSPd和DMSOp浓度与叶绿素（Chl a）浓度存在显著的相关性。表层海水中DMS光氧化速率顺序为:kUVA > kUVB > k可见，其中UVA波段占光氧化的70.8%。夏季黄、渤海微生物消耗、光氧化及海-气扩散对DMS去除的贡献率分别为32.4%、34.5%和33.1%，表明3种去除途径作用相当。黄、渤海DMS海-气通量变化范围为0.79~48.45 μmol/（m2·d），平均值为（11.87±11.35）μmol/（m2·d）。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2000,47(2):177-192
The concentration of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and supporting parameters were determined in surface seawater and vertical profiles at 26 stations in the South China Sea. The concentrations of DMS in surface seawater ranged from 61 to 148 ng S/l, with a mean of 82 ng S/l. High concentrations of DMS were found in the productive regions. The vertical profiles of DMS were characterized by a maximum at depths typically between 20 and 75 m. The concentrations of DMS were correlated with the levels of chlorophyll a both in the surface seawater and in the vertical distribution. The concentrations of DMS were higher than expected for this chlorophyll-poor tropical sea, as indicated by markedly high DMS (ng S/l)/chlorophyll a (μg/l) ratios ranging from 315 to 3524 with a mean of 1768 for all the surface seawater samples. DMS concentration was significantly correlated with seawater temperature and dissolved oxygen, but it showed an inverse relationship to nutrients (including nitrate, phosphate and silicate). On the basis of sea surface concentrations of DMS and gas exchange calculations, the mean flux of DMS from the South China Sea to the atmosphere was estimated to be 5.5 μmol m−2 d−1. 相似文献