共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
生活垃圾卫生填埋及地质环境效应概论 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
孔德坊 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,(Z1)
论述当前世界各国城市建设中必不可少的重要工程设施类型之一——生活垃圾处置工程。总结当前垃圾处置的主要方式,分析卫生填埋在各种处理方式中独具的优势,并简要介绍组成卫生填埋工程的各个部分及其功能;论述垃圾填埋体中进行的各种化学和生物化学作用及其变化;指出垃圾填埋体是其中的核心部分,填埋体结构的优化设计是控制污液污染地质环境的关键,提出填埋体结构设计的技术路线和系统方法。最后,根据当前卫生填埋场实施中存在的问题,为进一步有效地控制垃圾填埋处置对地质环境污染中的研究不足,提出意见和建议 相似文献
2.
威海是＂最适宜人类居住的地方＂,但随着城市建设的快速发展,城市垃圾产生量不断增加,垃圾填埋场选址问题亟待解决。以威海市环翠区为研究对象,综合考虑地形地貌、土地利用规划、交通、水利规划、气象、地质、水文地质、工程地质、环境地质等多方面因素及经济效益和环境效益,从地质环境角度出发,选取5个层次共15个评价因子,采用层次—网格法进行了垃圾填埋场选址区划分析研究,划分出垃圾可填埋区、限制填埋区、禁止填埋区。并在限制填埋区和可填埋区,进一步优选出几个垃圾填埋场地的首选场址,可供规划、设计部门参考。 相似文献
3.
垃圾填埋是目前处理城市生活垃圾普遍使用的方式,由此产生的垃圾渗滤液成为主要的地下水污染源.本文以上海市某生活垃圾填埋场作为研究对象,研究垃圾填埋对地下水的影响.通过监测该场地垃圾填埋前后2年内场区及周边地下水水质的变化情况,以垃圾填埋前调查区的地下水样品分析结果为本底值,采用本底法对地下水水质进行评价来判定地下水是否受到垃圾渗滤液的影响.评价结果显示,对于本研究的水质动态监测阶段,调查区内的浅层地下水水质暂未受到垃圾渗滤液的影响,个别监测井水质发生较大变化是由于填埋场施工建设过程中,破坏了监测井井盖及挖穿了井边含水层顶层.随着整个垃圾填埋场运行时间的延长,防渗漏措施的有效性以及垃圾渗滤液对周边地下水的影响还需要进一步研究. 相似文献
4.
5.
城市生活垃圾生态填埋技术研究概况和进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对城市生活垃圾生态填埋技术的发展概况及研究进展进行了综述,包括生态填埋技术的概念、意义、现状和发展趋势,并提出了目前该领域研究中需重点研究的课题和一些新的思路。 相似文献
6.
黄土在我国西北地区广泛分布,是当地垃圾填埋场封顶覆盖层的主要材料,该材料的气体渗透特性直接影响了覆盖层对填埋气释放的控制效果。利用渗析技术和自制的气体渗透系数测量装置,模拟和测试了干湿气象条件下覆盖黄土服役含水率变化及其对气体渗透系数的影响,并建立填埋气在垃圾体和覆盖层中的一维稳态运移模型,分析了覆盖层气体渗透系数和抽气速率对填埋气释放控制效果的影响。研究结果表明：渗析技术能有效模拟覆盖黄土服役含水率的变化,压实黄土试样的气体渗透系数介于10-17～10-12 m2量级,随服役含水率的增加而降低,且对于压实度比较高的黄土降低得更加明显;覆盖层底部的填埋气压随气体渗透系数的减小而增大,通过覆盖层下部的气体扩散层负压抽气等措施,可有效减小覆盖层底部气压和填埋气的释放量。 相似文献
7.
8.
基于流固耦合机制和多孔介质流体动力学理论,根据Landgem产气方程、气体状态方程,结合达西定律、有效应力原理,建立了渗流场-应力场耦合填埋气体运移模型。利用伽辽金方法对模型进行了离散,通过有限元方法对耦合作用下填埋气体压力分布规律进行了数值仿真分析,同时对垃圾填埋变形介质参数以及垃圾降解系数对填埋气体产气量影响进行了定量评价,表明耦合作用下抽气时孔隙结构发生改变,阻滞气体的运移,导致耦合作用较未考虑耦合作用的气体压力低。垃圾填埋气体的产气量小,对变形介质参数和降解系数的定量评价结果表明,垃圾填埋气体的产气量随着渗透系数和降解系数的增大而增加,因此耦合作用不能忽略。这不仅为准确控制气体的挥发与扩散以及气体资源的再利用提供可靠的理论依据,而且对于生态环境的保护和垃圾资源化利用具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。 相似文献
9.
《中国地质调查》2020,(1)
为了明确涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块五峰组—龙马溪组上部气层地质资源量,评价区块资源潜力,针对涪陵页岩气田焦石坝地区勘探程度较高、钻井资料较为齐全的基础条件,利用区内已钻探7口评价导眼井资料,选取静态法对该区块五峰组—龙马溪组上部气层页岩气资源量进行计算,根据地质行业标准《页岩气资源/储量计算与评价技术规范》要求,游离气地质资源量计算采用容积法,吸附气地质资源量计算采用体积法,重点阐述计算方法及所需的各项参数,包括面积、厚度、总孔隙度、游离气含气饱和度、吸附气含量等,初步计算了涪陵页岩气田焦石坝地区五峰组—龙马溪组上部气层资源量约为1 100亿m~3,资源丰度大于4亿m~3/km~2,页岩气资源量评级为Ⅱ级,具备较好的开发潜力。采用该方法对涪陵页岩气田焦石坝区块进行资源量计算和评价,获得了地质资源量,评价了区块产气效果,方法应用适应性较好,是开展焦石坝区块页岩气储量动用状况研究的重要基础。 相似文献
10.
城市地质工作的新领域——城市垃圾处置现状及堆场选址地质工作初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目前,国内外城市垃圾处置的方法主要是露天堆放、卫生填埋、焚烧、堆肥。对于核废料处置以地下填埋为主。国外垃圾处置的方向是推行焚烧及热分解,残渣进行填埋处理,达到资源化、能源化、无害化。我国是一个发展中的国家,地表与地下结合处置垃圾将是今后主要处理方式。垃圾处理场地质工作研究,对于我国水资源及环境保护具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
垃圾填埋场服役期间会因微生物降解有机物释放大量甲烷,即使有气体收集装置,仍有甲烷逃逸到大气中。甲烷气体是造成温室效应的重要气体之一。甲烷氧化菌是以甲烷为唯一碳源的微生物,具有其优良的甲烷氧化效能。在中小型填埋场、老旧填埋场及开启集气装置已不再经济的大型填埋场,可在填埋场覆层中掺入甲烷氧化菌,对甲烷进行生物氧化,减少垃圾填埋场的甲烷释放量,从而减少温室效应,达到环保的目的。文章回顾了近些年国内外对甲烷氧化菌及其甲烷氧化效能的相关研究,对甲烷氧化菌的分类及其甲烷氧化机理,影响甲烷氧化菌氧化效能的因素以及甲烷氧化菌在垃圾填埋场中的应用等研究成果进行了总结,并对其今后的研究和应用提出了展望。 相似文献
12.
Biogass emission prognosis at the landfills 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
T. K. Bicheldey M.Sc. Ph.D. E. N. Latushkina Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(4):623-628
The present study aims to estimate biogas potential of two Russian landfills situated in the republic of Tatarstan and in Moscow Region. Due to environmental, economic, social and energetic consideration of biogas for human being, utilization of such a by-product would be of high concern. To date, there are seven biogas utilization projects which have been developed and implemented at municipal solid waste landfills of Russia. The purpose of the research was to determine the biogas potential at the closed landfills. During the studies held in 2008; sampling, transportation, storage of biogas and landfill soil samples, laboratory investigations; physicochemical and analytical methods for measuring of proteins, carbohydrates and fats in the organic part of the soil and the analysis of empirical data by the methods of computer modeling and mathematical statistics were carried out. The obtained results of the research; concentrations of biogas components: methane, carbon dioxide, carbon oxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, gas flows, composition of the organic part of the fields and analysis of gas distribution on the surface of the landfills; has shown scientific and practical importance. Results could be used for the assessment of biogas potential at the landfills for further biogas utilization projects implementation with electrical or thermal energy production. 相似文献
13.
随着双碳背景下国家能源结构调整和生态文明建设的要求,本文从保障国家主体能源安全和优化煤炭资源勘查开发布局的角度考虑,阐述了中国煤炭资源分布特点及勘查开发现状;从坚持集约与协调发展、改革与创新发展、绿色与清洁发展的基本原则出发,分析了新时期煤炭资源勘查目标：加强大型煤炭基地资源勘查、推进新增煤层气资源储量、加快煤系矿产资源勘查;从资源禀赋、开发强度、市场区位、环境容量、输送通道等方面出发,阐述了14个大型煤炭基地开发布局方向及建设规模,同时要加快煤层气的开发利用。研究成果对未来一段时期煤炭资源勘查开发及煤炭工业高质量发展具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
14.
The recovery and emission of landfill gas (LFG) is an important topic in landfill management. To produce an effective engineering design for an LFG collection system, designers must understand the migration of gas from the waste body to horizontal extraction wells. This paper develops a two-dimensional analytical solution to enable the study of the gas pressure distribution, well pressure and recovery efficiency in layered landfills with horizontal wells. A horizontal layered structure is used to accommodate the non-homogeneity of various municipal solid waste (MSW) aspects with respect to depth, including gas generation, permeability and temperature. The governing equations, subject to boundary and continuity conditions, are solved by using separation of variables and double finite integral transforms. The solution was verified against another analytical solution and a numerical simulation. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis of single-well model parameters is performed to optimize a double-well system. The results show that a landfill with horizontal collection systems cannot be assumed to be one dimensional with increasing well spacing. Additionally, both the operational vacuum and maximum gas pressure can be reduced through the design of a double- or multiple-well system. Therefore, the proposed solution can be used for the verification of more complex models and the preliminary design of a horizontal well system. 相似文献
15.
Soyoung Park K. W. Brown J. C. Thomas In-cheol Lee Kijune Sung 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,60(5):933-941
Atmospheric methane, a more effective heat-trapping gas than CO2 that may affect climate change, has its greatest man-made source in the US from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. Consequently,
the wise management of landfills can reduce these greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. Methane from modern MSW landfills
built with composite covers is frequently vented directly to the atmosphere. Biofiltration of landfill gas could oxidize CH4 to CO2 and water. Methane oxidation in old landfills with conventional soil covers can be effective in reducing the amount of CH4 emitted. In this study, comparison of methane emissions from three different landfill covers was conducted. Methane emissions
from old landfills constructed with conventional soil covers, modern MSW landfills constructed with composite covers, and
modern MSW landfills constructed with composite covers plus biofilters were calculated using the calculated CH4 oxidation rates. The results showed that an average of only 14% of the generated CH4 was emitted from landfills with modern composite covers plus biofilters, and an average of 85% of the generated CH4 was emitted from landfills with conventional covers when 100% of the generated CH4 emissions to the atmosphere from landfills with modern composite covers was assumed. By comparing the CH4 emission rates from three different landfill types, the use of a properly sized biofilter should be an effective technique
to reduce CH4 emissions from landfills across the USA and potentially in many other areas of the world. 相似文献
16.
E. S. Karapidakis Ph.D. A. A. Tsave P. M. Soupios Ph.D. Y. A. Katsigiannis Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2010,7(3):599-608
This study investigates the utilization of landfill biogas as a fuel for electrical power generation. Landfills can be regarded as conversion biogas plants to electricity, not only covering internal consumptions of the facility but contributing in the power grid as well. A landfill gas plant consists of a recovery and a production system. The recovery of landfill gas is an area of vital interest since it combines both alternative energy production and reduction of environmental impact through reduction of methane and carbon dioxide, two of the main greenhouse gases emissions. This study follows two main objectives. First, to determine whether active extraction of landfill gas in the examined municipal solid waste sites would produce adequate electric power for utilisation and grid connection and second, to estimate the reduction of sequential greenhouse gases emissions. However, in order to optimize the designing of a plant fed by biogas, it is necessary to quantify biogas production over several years. The investigation results of energy efficiency and environmental impact of biogas utilization in landfills are considering satisfactory enough both in electric energy production and in contribution to greenhouse gases mitigation. 相似文献
17.
甲烷是最主要的非二氧化碳温室气体,受到越来越多的重视。煤炭甲烷是我国最主要的甲烷排放源类型,我国也是世界煤炭甲烷排放量最大的国家,煤炭甲烷的有效排放管控与高效开发利用兼具温室气体减排、能源气体开发利用和灾害气体防治三重意义。基于系统调研和研究工作积累,概述了煤炭甲烷排放管控背景,总结了全球与代表性国家煤炭甲烷排放及其管控现状,阐释了我国煤炭甲烷开发利用与排放管控历程及发展趋势,讨论和前瞻了我国煤炭甲烷减排路径与减排潜力。已有研究工作表明:我国煤炭甲烷排放主要来自煤炭地下开采风排瓦斯,且较长时期内仍是我国煤炭甲烷的主要来源;随着我国关闭矿井增多,由此产生的关闭矿井甲烷排放量呈增长趋势,是我国煤炭甲烷不容忽视的来源。随着碳中和目标的提出,温室气体减排的政策导向逐渐成为我国煤炭甲烷排放管控的重点,明确了煤炭甲烷减排方向。我国煤炭甲烷排放管控形成了以煤层气勘探开发利用、煤矿瓦斯抽采利用、关闭/废弃矿井瓦斯抽采利用、乏风瓦斯利用等全浓度利用,煤炭采前、采中和采后全周期利用为特征的关键技术路径。我国煤炭甲烷排放管控面临巨大压力和严峻挑战,诸多政策、机制、技术问题亟待破解。突破复杂地质条件适配性煤层... 相似文献
18.
我国煤层气资源非常丰富。在煤矿区,煤层气(瓦斯)开发具有增加洁净能源供给、提高煤矿安全生产保障能力、减少温室气体排放等多重效益。地面钻井开发与井下钻孔抽采是煤矿区煤层气(瓦斯)开发的基本途径,同时也是煤矿区应急救援的主要手段。本文介绍了煤矿区地面煤层气开发新技术装备,大直径钻孔施工技术与装备及井下中硬、松软煤层和岩层瓦斯抽采钻孔成孔技术与装备。在此基础上分析了在新形势下煤矿区煤层气（瓦斯）抽采钻孔成孔技术和装备发展需求,为我国煤矿区煤层气（瓦斯）钻孔成孔提供借鉴。 相似文献
19.
M. F. M. Abushammala N. E. A. Basri A. A. H. Kadhum H. Basri A. H. El-Shafie S. A. Sharifah Mastura 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(2):377-384
Methane emissions and oxidation were measured during the wet and dry seasons at the Air Hitam, Jeram, and Sungai Sedu landfills in Malaysia. The resulting levels of methane emissions and oxidation were then modeled using the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change 1996 first order decay (FOD) model to obtain methane generation rate and potential values. Emissions measurements were performed using a fabricated static flux chamber. A combination of gas concentrations in soil profiles and surface methane and carbon dioxide emissions at four monitoring locations in each landfill was used to estimate the methane oxidation capacity. The methane potential value was 151.7 m3 t?1 for the Air Hitam and Jeram sanitary landfills and 75.9 m3 t?1 for the Sungai Sedu open dumping landfill. The methane generation rate value of the Jeram and Air Hitam sanitary landfills during the wet season was 0.136 year?1, while that of Jeram during the dry season was 0.072 year?1. The methane generation rate values of the Sungai Sedu open dumping landfill during the wet and dry seasons were 0.008 and 0.0049 year?1, respectively. The observed values of methane generation rate and potential assist to accurately estimate total methane emissions from Malaysian landfills using the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change FOD model. 相似文献
20.
煤基碳排放构成了中国碳排放总量中最重要的部分,做好煤基碳减排和煤炭高效洁净低碳化利用是实现“碳中和”国家目标的重要途径,碳中和背景下的煤地质学发展值得关注。系统评述与碳中和相关的煤地质学研究领域,分析煤地质学在碳中和研究与工程实践中的作用和应用前景,探讨碳中和背景下煤地质学的重要发展方向。取得以下认识:推进清洁煤地质研究、服务煤的高效洁净化燃烧,勘探开发煤系天然气低碳燃料、优化一次能源结构和化石能源结构,开展煤化工资源勘查与开发地质保障研究、推动煤炭的低碳能源转化和新型煤化工产业发展,深化瓦斯地质研究、提高煤矿瓦斯（井下）抽采率、控制煤矿瓦斯的大气排放和泄漏,研究煤层甲烷天然逸散和煤层自燃排放、控制煤层露头的天然排放,发展煤层CO2地质封存与煤层气强化开发（CO2-ECBM）技术、推动碳捕获、利用与封存（CCUS）技术发展及其在火力电厂烟气碳减排中的商业化应用,研究煤炭勘查企业的碳足迹、实现企业净零排放,是与煤地质学紧密相关的碳减排技术路径;其中煤层甲烷与煤系气高效勘探开发、深部煤层CO2-ECBM、煤层露头气体逸散与自燃发火控制、洁净煤地质与煤炭精细勘查是碳中和背景下煤地质学优先发展的重要领域。 相似文献