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"973"计划资源环境领域数据汇交进展与数据分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
国家科技计划项目数据汇交对于促进科学数据的整合集成,增强国家科技投入的效益,提高我国科技计划项目管理水平具有重要意义。经过充分研究,科技部基础司选择国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资源环境领域作为试点,于2008年启动数据汇交工作,并专门成立数据汇交中心。2008年,按照数据汇交计划制定、数据汇交准备、数据实体汇交、数据共享服务4个阶段的工作流程,分"已结题"、"即将于2008年结题"和"在研"3种类型开展汇交工作,完成了24个结题项目的数据汇交,汇交数据总量超过620 GB。为了保证数据汇交的可操作性和规范化,数据汇交中心制定了包括核心元数据规范、数据文档格式等7项标准规范;研制了数据汇交软件工具;建立了海量数据存储环境;设计开发了数据汇交共享服务网络平台。面向数据服务进一步的需要,分析了已汇交数据情况,具体分为5种类型,即定点长期监测和野外定点调查类、区域调查和统计分析类、模型计算类、试验化验分析类、客观或主观描述类,并提出了相应的数据展示策略。 相似文献
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Jean Margat 《Environmental Geology》1987,9(2):105-108
Groundwater, like other extensive natural and renewable resources, easily accessible and, at the same time, vulnerable, has
to be managed so as to reconcile the unique resource with its many users, and its long-term preservation with short-term utilization
requirements. Under the natural, legal, and economic conditions prevailing in France, where groundwater constitutes a large
part of water production and resources, where there are tens of thousands of economic developers and users of a few hundred
natural groundwater management units, such management concerns these users as well as the public and collective authorities
that control the users' activities for the common present and future good of all. Legislative, financial, and educational
means are applied simultaneously to preserve and protect the quality and quantily of the groundwater and at times to encourage
its use and stimulate its development. 相似文献
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Data sharing and retrieval using OAI-PMH 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Ranjeet Devarakonda Giri Palanisamy James M. Green Bruce E. Wilson 《Earth Science Informatics》2011,4(1):1-5
There is a growing consensus for the need to store and archive digital data, particularly for publicly funded research. Long-term
preservation of that data generally requires some form of institutional archive, such as those directed to particular scientific
communities of practice. Given that data is often of use to multiple communities of practice, which may have differing norms
for data and metadata structure and semantics, effective standards for data and metadata exchange are important factors for
users to be able to find and retrieve data. Toolsets that provide a coherent presentation of information across multiple standards
are important for data search and access. One such toolset, Mercury, is a open-source metadata harvesting, data discovery,
and access system, built for researchers to search for, share and obtain spatiotemporal data used across a range of climate
and ecological sciences. Mercury is used across multiple projects to provide a coherent search interface for spatiotemporal
data described in any of several metadata formats. Mercury has recently been extended to enable harvesting and distribution
of metadata using the Open Archive Initiative Protocol for Metadata Handling (OAI-PMH). In this paper we describe Mercury’s
capabilities with multiple metadata formats, in general, and, more specifically, the results of our OAI-PMH implementations
and the lessons learned. 相似文献
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地球系统科学数据共享在国际、国内都有迫切的需求。由于地球系统科学固有的学科交叉性和综合性,如何建立科学、通用的数据分类体系是困扰该领域数据共享和服务的难题。首先综合分析了国际上地球系统科学领域主要的数据分类体系,重点对美国全球变化主目录(GCMD)分类系统及其2005—2013年的演变趋势进行分析,指出当前该数据分类呈现扁平化、两极化的显著特征。在此基础上,重点梳理了国家科技基础条件平台———地球系统科学数据共享平台的用户服务记录,揭示了用户访问频次最高的数据集和检索关键词。结合GCMD系统化、结构化的分类思想和国家地球系统科学数据共享平台用户化的数据服务需求,提出扁平化的地球系统科学数据目录分类和规范化的关键词表体系2种分类模式。 相似文献
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The DigitalOcean (DO) Project is designed to bring essential Web 2.0 capabilities to an open-source software platform built
for scientific collaboration and publishing. The DO platform is being built using the Drupal content management system (CMS).
The following are some of the core features of the proposed platform: social networking, media/data sharing/publishing, and
collaboration spaces for scientific virtual organizations (VO); active support for VO governance and reputation systems for
members and objects; Creative Commons licensing, support for preprint archives and micro-articles, and; professional user-profiles
that can be saved as well formatted biosketches. The DO platform serves as a collaboration environment for active research
teams, a personal repository for individual researchers, an aggregation/filter for science information, and a scientific publishing
tool. This article will outline the history and goals of the DO Project, the core technology concerns and solutions, and the
opportunities that this new platform will bring to scientists across the planet. 相似文献
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The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS), in 2002, released their first version of a Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS). In 2003, the model was adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO) as ISO 14721:2003. The CCSDS document was updated in 2012 with additional focus on verifying the authenticity of data and developing concepts of access rights and a security model. The OAIS model is the basis of research data management systems across institutions and disciplines around the world. The Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), in 2006, released their first version of a Reference Model for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). OASIS defines the SOA as “a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains.” Systems designed around the SOA model benefit from improved scalability, flexibility, and agility. This paper applies the SOA model to the OAIS repository to describe how repositories can be implemented and extended through the use of services that may be internal or external to the host institution, including the consumption of network- or cloud-based services and resources. We use the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) design paradigm to describe a set of potential extensions to OAIS Reference Model: purpose and justification for each extension, where and how each extension connects to the model, and an example of a specific service that meets the purpose. 相似文献
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Primary sand and gravel deposits in Britain play an important role in preserving our cultural heritage and are also a valuable aggregate resource. While an understanding of the extrinsic properties of the soil archive (such as pH, redox, groundwater) can provide a firstorder assessment of the potential risk to any archaeologically sensitive deposits, we have very poor definition of spatial variations in the extrinsic properties of soil that influence archaeological preservation at a regional and national scale. Developments in digital geological mapping, remote sensing, and geochemical survey data undertaken by the British Geological Survey (BGS) have, however, significantly extended capabilities in this respect and can potentially be used to provide a primary assessment of the sensitivity of the present soil archive and the potential risk from changes to the soil process on cultural material in areas earmarked for aggregate extraction. Two of the major factors affecting archaeological preservation—soil acidification and groundwater—can be mapped or predicted at scales of better than 1:50,000 across increasingly large parts of the country using a combination of regional hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical data. Additional data from site investigations may further refine preservation potential as a function of changes in redox potential and acidity. These data, maps and models can be used to (1) better establish a baseline for archaeological preservation at a regional and national scale and (2) improve our understanding of how the physical and chemical properties of the near surface environment can be managed to sustainably preserve archaeological materials in areas impacted by sand and gravel extraction. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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1：25万区域地质调查修测的核心任务是挖掘、利用前人资料和对前人资料的二次开发。在1：25万玉林市幅数字地质填图试点的过程中．总结出一套基于数字填图系统的前人地质资料利用与数据采集的工作方法。其工作流程和工作步骤可分为6个阶段：①前期准备阶段;②室内地质资料录八阶段;③野外数字地质调查阶段;④室内资料整理阶段;⑤图件编制阶段;⑥成果提交阶段。该工作方法与传统的地质调查方法相比,提高了地质调查的工作效率和质量,已基本上达到了在1：252万区调修测区推广应用的“实战性”要求。 相似文献
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After long-term development, mathematical geology has today become an independent discipline. Big Data science, which has become a new scientific paradigm in the 21 st century, gives rise to the geological Big Data, i.e. mathematical geology and quantitative geoscience. Thanks to a robust macro strategy for big data, China’s quantitative geoscience and geological big data’s rapid development meets present requirements and has kept up with international levels. This paper presents China’s decade-long achievements in quantitative prediction and assessment of mineral resources, geoscience information and software systems, geological information platform development, etc., with an emphasis on application of geological big data in informatics, quantitative mineral prediction, geological environment and disaster management, digital land survey, digital city, etc. Looking ahead, mathematical geology is moving towards "Digital Geology", "Digital Land" and "Geological Cloud", eventually realizing China’s grand "Digital China" blueprint, and these valuable results will be showcased on the international academic arena. 相似文献
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盐沼潮滩作为滨海湿地的一个重要类型,为河口海岸地区提供了多种关键的生态服务功能,具有重要的社会、经济与生态价值,其地貌演变规律的认知是海岸带保护修复和科学管理的基础。回顾国内外近一个世纪以来针对潮滩动力地貌过程的研究工作,发现研究热点已逐渐从传统的研究潮滩水-沙-地貌相互作用过渡到探索植物、动物、微生物等生物作用与动力、地貌之间的互馈机制,涉及海岸动力学、地貌学、沉积学、环境生态学等多个学科,是典型的交叉学科前沿研究领域。归纳了盐沼植被与潮滩多种因子的相互作用,总结了常用的盐沼潮滩地貌演变模拟手段及取得的机理认知,并提出今后在生物作用、陆海耦合动力地貌模型研发等方面的科学问题和发展方向。 相似文献
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Reuse of software and related components can contribute to the development of systems for processing scientific data. The reuse of components, which can be from any stage of the development life cycle, provides opportunities to realize benefits such as reduced costs and learning curves. However, the reuse of existing components also comes with risks that must be recognized in order to be mitigated. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration established the Earth Science Data Systems Software Reuse Working Group to support software reuse among members of the community of Earth science data systems developers. This is done through a variety of activities, including research, education, and public outreach, which are conducted to help encourage and enable reuse within the community. Considerations for realizing the benefits of software reuse and minimizing risks are presented along with recent working group activities to improve reuse capabilities for the community of Earth science data systems developers. 相似文献
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数字孪生流域是数字孪生地球的重要组成部分, 厘清数字孪生流域理论定义和内涵是研究和建设数字孪生流域的前提和基础, 对流域智慧化治理管理具有重要意义。本文基于数字孪生理论技术, 开展了以下研究: ①给出了数字孪生流域的定义, 认为数字孪生流域是以服务流域全生命周期管理的全量数据和领域知识驱动物理流域和虚拟流域交互映射、共智进化、虚实融合的新基建新范式, 并辨析了与传统建模仿真的区别。②数字孪生流域内涵是通过"由实入虚"、"以虚映实"和"由虚控实"实现物理流域对象的全生命周期管控, 特征包括高度保真、演化自治、实时同步、闭环互动和共生进化。③数字孪生流域基本模型由物理流域、虚拟流域、实时连接交互、数字赋能服务、孪生流域数据和孪生流域知识组成, 其核心能力包括物理流域感知操控、全要素数字化表达、实景可视动态呈现、流域数据融合供给、流域知识融合供给、流域模拟仿真推演及孪生自主学习优化。④提出数字孪生流域要解决的关键科学问题和关键技术体系, 并从感知网、数据网、知识网、模型网及服务网展望了数字孪生流域发展方向, 阐述了数字孪生流域的赋能领域。本文旨在通过数字孪生流域理论新型研究范式为数字孪生流域技术应用落地提供理论指导, 对未来智慧流域研究和数字技术在流域治理管理中的应用提供有益的启发与借鉴。 相似文献
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Hittelman Allen M. Lockridge Patricia A. Whiteside Lowell S. Lander James F. 《Natural Hazards》2001,23(2-3):315-338
The primary use of the natural hazards data archived at the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) and co-located World Data Center for Solid Earth Geophysics (WDC for SEG) is for the mitigation of future disasters. Among the responsibilities of NGDC/WDC for SEG is archiving and disseminating hazards data to city planners, educators, engineers and others engaged in mitigation efforts (approximately 150,000 users per week on our web site). Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to educate the hazards' community about some of the limitations of these data. It is hoped that enlightened users would have a greater appreciation of data errors and possible sources of misinterpretation of the data.Personnel at NGDC/WDC for SEG are in a unique position to discuss the limitations of hazards data since we compile data from original and secondary sources. We are also in direct contact with the data users and know the applications that they make of hazard data, and the misjudgments that often occur when data limitations are not known.Most hazard catalogs cover periods of less than 200 years and are reasonably complete and accurate for only the past 20 to 50 years. Such catalogs are not sufficient to investigate long term hazard variations. Earthquake, tsunami, and volcano data catalogs, acquired and integrated at NGDC/WDC for SEG, illustrate artificial long-term variations created by cultural and scientific reporting changes, which can introduce unanticipated non-random variations into the catalogs. Inconsistencies are often related to changes in the way magnitudes are calculated, evolving network equipment, and network discontinuities of operation and personnel, among other error sources.Before statistical hazard studies can be done, catalogs need to be clearly understood to identify systematic patterns of an observational nature. 相似文献
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为提供全天候、全自动化、高精度变形监测服务,并最大限度降低空间环境因素对实时高精度定位的影响,基于数字调频广播（CDRadio）RTK（载波相位差分技术）边缘计算技术融合GNSS（全球卫星导航系统）核心解析算法,开发了具有自主知识产权、结构开放的“基于广播RTK边缘计算的北斗高精度地质灾害监测系统”,该系统能长时间稳定运行,并能满足功能性需求和非功能性需求在内的所有用户需要。以广西梧州市长洲区宝石园8号地块不稳定斜坡为例,通过分析2020年5—11月的监测数据表明:整个坡体处于蠕变阶段,坡顶前缘有向外侧蠕动且下沉的趋势,整个坡体有向东南方向倾斜发育的趋势。系统通过建立良好的系统信息交互平台,将系统形成的统计分析信息高速便捷地传递给用户,提高用户系统管理、决策、应用能力;充分挖掘系统数据资源,提供实时预报服务,提高信息采集、传输、处理、分析、预报的准确性、可靠性,全面提高地质灾害监测预警预报管理能力,更好地为各级管理部门的决策和指挥抢险救灾提供科学依据。 相似文献
19.
用于高放射性废物深地质处置的粘土材料研究 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19
按照高放射性废物深地质处置库中缓冲材料的作用及要求，针对8个主要核国家采用的9种蒙脱石类粘土的样品来源、矿物成分、主要物理化学特征和热—水—力学性能进行分析比较发现：中国内蒙古高庙子膨润土蒙脱石含量较高，阳离子交换容量和比表面积较大，高庙子钙膨润土具有很好的不渗透性、高膨胀性和良好的导热性能。因此高庙子膨润土可作为中国高放射性废物深地质处置库缓冲材料的基料。 相似文献
20.
Lauren Hutchison Paul Montagna Dave Yoskowitz Damion Scholz Jace Tunnell 《Estuaries and Coasts》2015,38(1):67-80
The goal of the current study was to document local stakeholder perceptions of ecosystem services provided by coastal habitats and to incorporate values of ecosystem services into an ecosystem-based management plan. A second goal was to identify and quantify ecosystem service supply at the local level, which is a knowledge gap identified by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystem services were quantified as stakeholder perceptions of values. To identify local stakeholder perceptions of coastal habitat ecosystem services, a workshop was conducted at which stakeholders were asked to complete surveys. Data from the surveys were used to create a spatial representation of the number of ecosystem services provided by habitats in the form of a heat map. Results of the study were incorporated into an ecosystem-based management plan to enable stakeholders and managers to make better-informed decisions regarding priority areas for conservation, preservation, and restoration. The methods used in this study can be expanded to develop future ecosystem-based management plans. 相似文献