共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
根据2011年7月浙江舟山西蟹峙海洋倾倒区及邻近海域表层沉积物重金属的监测结果,采用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态危害指数法分析表层沉积物重金属的污染特征,并评价其潜在生态风险。结果表明:沉积物重金属元素Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As含量均符合国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准;重金属元素污染程度由高到低依次为Zn、Cr、Pb、Cu、As、Cd、Hg,其中Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg和As 5种重金属元素为低污染水平,Zn和Cr 2种重金属元素为中等污染程度水平;7种重金属元素单个和综合潜在生态危害程度均为低风险水平,由高到低依次为Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn。 相似文献
2.
通过对滨州近海海域海底沉积物测试数据及海岸带陆域土壤地球化学分析,对滨州海岸带陆域土壤和海底沉积物中7种重金属(Hg,Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,Ni)的空间分布特征进行了研究,并绘制了各指标含量陆海联合分区图。分析结果表明,滨州市海岸带重金属元素含量基本上均低于国标规定的海洋一类沉积物的最高标准,仅有个别元素含量超过一级标准值,表明局部存在一定的重金属污染。从滨州海岸带重金属含量空间分布上来看,除Hg元素外,其余重金属元素含量呈现一定的规律,基本上陆域含量高于海域含量,且大部分元素都呈现出陆域城镇值高,郊区值低的态势。区内化工企业较发达,Ni,Cr属于中度变异区,Cd,Hg,Pb属于高度变异,受人为影响因素较大,考虑区内土壤及海底沉积物重金属富集主要来源于工业"三废"。 相似文献
3.
The southern sea area of the Huludao City, Liaoning Province might be polluted by heavy metals because it is close to the Jinzhou Bay, one of the heaviest sea area polluted by heavy metals in China. The undisturbed modern sediment core can be used to analyze the accumulation and source of the pollutants using 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex . Thirty-five samples of surface sediment and two core sediments were collected from the southern sea area of Huludao City. The concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chrome (Cr), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) in the surface sediments as well as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, 137 Cs and 210 Pb ex in the core sediments were determined to research the spatial distribution and accumulation characteristics, and to analyze the sources and the potential risks of heavy metals. The results show that the pollution levels of Zn and Hg are serious, and 26 stations are at moderate or heavy ecological risks. The concentrations of the heavy metals increase from east to west, as well as from open sea to offshore marine area. The concentrations of heavy metals are not high in the sediments adjacent to the Jinzhou Bay, and the influence caused by the seawater exchange with the Jinzhou Bay is little. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the core sediments show low-high-low characteristic, and it coincides with the pollution history of Huludao City. The atmospheric deposition of heavy metals from the Huludao Zinc Plant is likely to be the main source of pollution without direct discharge of wastewater. The high concentrations of heavy metals appear on the upper sediment of 20 cm. The shallow sediment with high heavy metal contents might be exposed to surface when it was disturbed by the ocean engineering and big storm surge, then cause risk to the safety of aquaculture and human healthy. 相似文献
4.
该文以氯化钙溶液进行提取,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和原子荧光光谱法,测定农用地土壤中Cd,As,Pb,Cr,Cu,Zn,Ni等7种重金属可提取态,检出限在0.003~0.06 mg/kg之间。该方法用于4个可提取态质控样品的测定,测定值与推荐值基本相符,测定的相对标准偏差(n=8)在3.3%~9.1%之间。基于800余件农用地土壤样品的测定数据,对7种重金属可提取态与土壤pH值及重金属总量之间的关系进行了初步考察。结果表明,7个重金属可提取态和总量关系无明显相关性,仅在土壤酸性条件下可提取态Cd与总量Cd呈正相关性。7种重金属提取率大小顺序为Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu,As>Pb>Cr,其中Cd,Zn,Ni,Cu,Pb的提取率随土壤pH值的增大而迅速下降,而As,Cr在土壤碱性条件下的提取率略高于中酸性条件下的提取率。 相似文献
5.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRACTIONATIONS OF Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn AND Ni AND SOIL PROPERTIES IN URBAN SOILS OF CHANGCHUN, CHINA 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
GUOPing XIEZhong-lei LIJun KANGChun-li LIUJian-hua 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2005,15(2):179-185
1IN T R O D U C T IO N With therapiddevelopment of urbanizatio,nurban land was exploitedand utilizetdoform differendtomains be- ing subjectto many potentialpollutionsourcessuch as vehicleemission, industrialactivitieasnd household garbage.Particularl, yur… 相似文献
6.
海岸带处于陆地和海洋的接合部,人类开发活动密集,环境影响因素日趋复杂。选取烟台南部海岸带为研究对象,系统采集686个表层土壤样品对As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Hg,Ni,Pb,Zn共8个重金属元素含量进行测量,采用多元统计法及地统计法分析了8个重金属元素的来源及分布特征。最后对烟台南部海岸带地区进行了潜在生态风险评价。研究结果表明烟台南部海岸带地区整体污染程度较轻,所有重金属元素含量平均值均未超过国家二级标准。其中Cr,Ni,Cu元素主要来源于成土母质;As,Pb为混合源;Cd,Zn主要来自于工业三废、农业生产。研究区整体处于中低生态风险水平,Cd,Hg元素高生态风险点数量较多,需优先治理。 相似文献
7.
Spatial Distribution and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils of Yongshuyu Irrigation Area from Songhua River Basin,Northeast China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There is an increasing concern for potentially hazardous metals pollution, which can threaten crops production and human health. In this study, the spatial distribution and environmental risks of eight heavy metals in surface soil samples collected from the paddy fields in Yongshuyu irrigation area, Northeast China were investigated. The mean concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg and As were 34.6 ± 4.67, 82.8 ± 9.51, 17.3 ± 4.09, 21.2 ± 12.0, 88.6 ± 17.9, 0.18 ± 0.15, 0.22 ± 0.07 and 8.77 ± 2.47 mg/kg, respectively, which were slightly higher than their corresponding background values of Jilin Province, indicating enrichment of these metals in the paddy soils, especially for Ni, Cd and Hg. The spatial distribution of heavy metals was closely correlated with local anthropogenic activities, such as agricultural production, mining and transportation. The hot-spot areas of As and Cd were mainly concentrated in the up-midstream where were associated with agricultural activities. Cr and Cu showed similar spatial distributions with hot-spot areas distributed the whole irrigation area uniformly. Ni was mainly distributed in the downstream where Ni quarries concentrated, while the spatial distribution patterns of Hg was mainly located in the upstream and downstream where the soil was significantly influenced by irrigation and coal mining emission. The spatial distributions of Pb and Zn were mainly concentrated along the highway side. The pollution levels of Yongshuyu irrigation area were estimated through index of geo-accumulation(Igeo), Nemerow integrated pollution index(NIPI) and potential ecological risk index(PERI). The results showed that Cd and Hg were the main pollutants in the study area. Health risk assessment results indicated that children were in higher non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks than adults with the carcinogenic metal of As. Ingestion was the main exposure pathway to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for both adults and children. Principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that Cr and Cu were mainly from parent materials, while Cd and As were mainly affected by agricultural activities. Pb and Zn were controlled by traffic activities, and the accumulations of Ni and Hg were associated with mining activities. This study would be valuable for preventing heavy metals inputs and safety in rice production of the Songhua river basin. 相似文献
8.
以山东省济南市章丘区北部表层土壤中As等8种重金属元素为研究对象,利用多元统计进行重金属来源分析,采用污染负荷指数法及潜在生态危害指数法进行污染评价,结果表明:研究区表层土壤重金属元素含量低于济南市土壤背景值,Cd和Hg元素含量为强度变异,在表层土壤产生一定的富集;不同土地利用类型下重金属元素含量具有差异性。土壤中Cr,Cu,Ni和Zn来源于土壤母质,Cd和Pb元素来源于人类活动,As元素来源复杂。土壤综合污染以轻度污染为主,重金属元素污染程度大小为AsNiPbZnCrCuCdHg。综合潜在生态风险以轻微和中度为主,潜在生态风险强弱程度为HgCdAsCuPbNiCrZn,建议防范Hg和Cd元素污染及生态风险。 相似文献
9.
通过对山东省巨野县土壤元素背景值状况的计算和研究,发现土壤中Ca,Cd,Hg,Mg,F等元素显著高于全省和全国背景值;Mo,Pb,Cu,Co等元素则低于全省和全国背景值;其中土壤Mo含量远低于全省和全国平均水平。土壤质地是决定区内土壤N,K,Mg等元素含量的关键;由黄河冲积物发育的土壤P含量普遍较高,TOC空间分布与N密切相关。城镇及工业区土壤中Hg和Pb的积累趋势明显。元素分级结果显示,区内土壤K和有机质比较丰富;N,P和有机质缺乏区占比分别为23.82%,15.39%和6.47%。微量元素中Ca,Mg,S,Cl等元素较为丰富;而Mo,Si,Se,Co,Zn,Cu,Fe,Mn等元素的缺乏状况最突出。土地质量地球化学评价分等结果显示,全区大部分土地质量优良,区内东北部和中西部地区土壤肥力较好,但有害元素含量偏高,西北部地区肥力较差导致土地质量等级偏低。全区土壤有机质含量不足以满足农业生产需要,加之局部土壤盐分偏高,对粮食作物生长不利。区内土壤环境质量水平总体较好,多数重金属元素分布受地质背景控制,但Hg和Pb污染位置与城镇及工业区分布明显存在一定关系,高值区多呈点状分布于人类活动强烈的地带,说明工业或生活排放对区内土壤中Hg,Pb的积累贡献较大。 相似文献
10.
研究石漠化峰丛洼地土壤重金属空间分异特征及其影响因素, 对推动区域土壤重金属污染防治、石漠化综合治理具有重要的指导意义和实践价值。以广西平果市典型石漠化峰丛洼地土壤为研究对象, 通过调查采样分析以及综合运用地统计学、地质累积指数、潜在生态危害指数和地理探测器等方法, 分析探讨土壤重金属的空间分异特征及其影响因素。结果表明, 研究区8种重金属元素的空间分布总体呈东北向西南降低的变化格局, 研究区东北部和东南部为重金属高值叠加区的集中分布区, Cr,Cd元素呈现中等的空间相关性, 其他6个重金属元素表现为强空间相关性;研究区受Cd,As,Cr,Cu,Zn等元素不同污染程度的影响, 且以Cd的影响尤为突出, 其地质累积指数和潜在生态危害指数分别高达1.34和107.73;pH、地层、Fe2O3、土地利用、P、CaO、Mn、到断层距离、石漠化程度是影响研究区土壤重金属空间分异的主要因子, 而且不同因子组对土壤重金属空间分异的交互作用以双因子增强型和非线性增强为主。因此认为不同因子对石漠化峰丛洼地土壤不同重金属元素空间分异特征的影响程度存在差异, Cd是石漠化峰丛洼地土壤污染程度和潜在生态危害程度最严重的重金属元素, 地层、Mn、CaO、岩性、到断层距离、P是影响Cd空间分异的关键因子。 相似文献
11.
This study reports the geochemical characteristics of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), iron (Fe),
and manganese (Mn) in the riparian sediment pore water of the Songhua River, Northeast China. In total, 36 pore water samples
and 18 surface water samples from three typical sections were collected and analyzed in June 2009. Cluster analysis of heavy
metals was performed to analyze the pollution sources of the metals. Results showed that Hg concentrations in the pore water
were greater than those in the surface water, indicating a potential ability of Hg release from riparian sediment system to
river water. However, concentrations of Fe and Mn in the surface water were greater than those in the pore water, demonstrating
that the microenvironments of riparian and riverbed sediment systems were quite different. Variations of Zn, Cu, Pb and Ni
between the surface and the pore water were different in each section. Most metals had similar horizontal and profile distribution
characteristics in the three sections except for Zn and Ni. Hg, Fe and Mn concentrations in the pore water increased gradually
with the increase in horizontal distance from water body, in contrast to this, Cu decreased, and Pb presented a fluctuating
trend. With the increase in depth, Pb and Fe, Cu and Mn showed the same trends, and Hg showed a variable trend. The above
distribution characteristics could mainly be attributed to the properties and the interactions of metals, pH and oxidation-reduction
conditions, and the complex pollution sources and hydrologic regime in history. The probable sources of metals include the
historical and ongoing discharge of industrial wastewater, mining activities, sewage irrigation for agricultural production,
and atmospheric deposition from coal-fired plants. 相似文献
12.
Spatial distribution and seasonal variations of heavy metal contamination in surface waters of Liaohe River,Northeast China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Heavy metal pollutants are a worldwide concern due to slow decomposition, biocondensation, and negative effects on human health. We investigated seasonal and spatial variations of the five heavy metals and evaluated their health risk in the Liaohe River, Northeast China. A total of 324 surface water samples collected from 2009 to 2010 were analyzed. Levels (high to low) of heavy metals in the Liaohe River were: zinc (Zn) > chromium (Cr) > copper (Cu) > cadmium (Cd) > mercury (Hg). Spatial and seasonal changes impacting concentrations of Cu and Zn were significant, but not significant for Cr, Cd and Hg. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were: Hg at Liuheqiao, Cu at Fudedian, Zn at Tongjiangkou, Cr at Mahushan, and Cd at Shenglitang. The highest concentrations of Hg and Cr were found in the wet period, Cu and Cd in the level period, and Zn in the dry period. The surface water of a tributary was an important accumulation site for heavy metals. Health risks from carcinogens and non-carcinogens increased from upstream to downstream in the mainstream of the Liaohe River. The total health risk for one person in the Liaohe River exceeded acceptable levels. The total health risk was the greatest during the wet period and least in the dry period. Among the five heavy metals in the Liaohe River, Cr posed the greatest single health risk. 相似文献
13.
人类活动对水环境影响巨大,同时水环境影响着人类的生产生活。采用地质累积指数法及潜在生态危害指数法对武汉市东西湖区主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属情况展开评价发现东西湖主要湖泊表层沉积物平均污染程度处于相对较低水平。地累积指数法评价结果表明,东大湖和金湖中Cd元素处于中度污染水平累积,墨水湖和上金湖中Cd元素为偏中度污染累积水平,其他湖泊沉积物中重金属均处于轻度或无污染水平。潜在生态危害指数法评价结果表明金湖和东大湖沉积物中重金属的潜在风险处于重度生态风险水平,墨水湖、上金湖、下银湖处于中度风险水平,其余湖泊沉积物中重金属的潜在风险均处于低风险水平。主成分分析表明,Hg、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb可能来自于工业和交通源的排放,而As可能与农药的使用有关。后期金湖、东大湖、墨水湖、上金湖和下银湖的内源污染治理过程中需考虑重金属的生态风险问题。 相似文献
14.
通过对鲁西南煤炭基地若干混堆的煤矸石山周围耕作层土壤的实际调查及分析测试资料,研究了煤矸石堆附近耕作层土壤中重金属污染状况。结果表明,土壤局部已经受到Cd、Ni的污染,但未出现多金属复合污染状况。煤矸石堆附近土壤已经受到采矿等人类活动的影响,其中Cd,Hg的人为影响最大。从8种重金属元素含量随深度的变化曲线形态来看,Hg,Cd 2种元素与Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Pb,As 6种元素曲线形态显示差异性,Hg,Cd元素在土壤中赋存、迁移等应具特殊性,有待进一步研究。 相似文献
15.
采取烟台近岸海域150个海底表层沉积物样品进行Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,As,Ni元素分析。结果显示,烟台市近岸海域重金属主要富集在芝罘湾(Cd,Cu)、龙口(As,Cr,Cu)及海阳东部(Ni,Pb)一带,而莱州、招远及牟平近岸海域重金属含量较低。单因子、内梅罗和潜在生态危害指数评价结果显示,研究区88%海域的沉积物达到一类标准,轻污染区主要分布在芝罘岛北部及龙口市西部,龙口、招远及烟台市近岸沉积物潜在风险中等。 相似文献
16.
B.Thilagavathi K.Raja Bandana Das A.Saravanakumar S.Vijayalakshmi T.Balasubramanian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(4):385-390
Core sediments from the Muthupettai mangroves on the southeast coast of India were analyzed for soil texture,total nitrogen,organic carbon,phosphorus and heavy metals(Fe,Mn,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn and Cd).The distinct seasonal variation in the distribution of metals in the sediments was observed.The minimum concentration was recorded in river mouth and the maximum was in lagoon.High metal concentration in sediment was observed during monsoon and low concentration in summer.The total nu-trient in lagoon and river mouth was recorded in the range of 4.528 to 8.526 mg g-1 for organic carbon,2.213 to 10.5 mg g-1 for nitro-gen and 0.824 to 7.22 mg g-1. 相似文献
17.
Role of organic acids in desorption of mercury from contaminated soils in eastern Shandong Province, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids(LMWOAs) on desorption of Hg from two kinds of soils in the eastern Shandong Province,China.Of all LMWOAs,oxalic and citric acids were chosen as the representatives in this experiment because they are most common in soils.Desorption of Hg increases with the increase of extracting time,until the highest desorption amount at 6-8 h,and then declines.It indicates that timeliness is very important when organic acids are used for phytoremediation in contaminated soils.When the concentrations of organic acids increase from 1.0 mmol/L to 10.0 mmol/L,Hg desorption increases significantly regardless of oxalic or citric acid.Compared with oxalic acid,citric acid is more effective to enhance the desorption of Hg,especially from fluvo-aquic soil.With the increase of initial pH value from 3 to 8,Hg desorption decreases directly in the presence of oxalic acid.However,Hg desorption first decreases,then increases,and eventually decreases again in the presence of citric acid due to the variation of competitive ability between chelating of citric acid and adsorption of soil in different pH values.Citric acid showed greater ability to release Hg from soils than oxalic acid.According to the results of the present study,it is found that the bioavailabilities of heavy metal can be improved with selecting suitable types and concentrations of organic acid amendment and reasonable soil condition. 相似文献
18.
ＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＶＥＴＥＮＤＥＮＣＹＯＦＥＬＥＭＥＮＴＣＯＮＣＥＮＴＲＡＴＩＯＮＳＩＮＬＩＭＥＳＴＯＮＥＳＯＩＬＳＩＮＥＡＳＴＥＲＮＣＨＩＮＡＷｅｎＹａｎｍａｏ（温琰茂）；ＺｅｎｇＳｈｕｉｑｕａｎ（曾水泉）；ＰａｎＳｈｕｒｏｎｇ（潘树荣）；Ｌｕｏ... 相似文献
19.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(6)
The tidal flat along the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary has long been reclaimed for the agricultural purposes, with the prevailing hydrological conditions during such pedogenic transformations being of great importance to their successful development. In this study, samples of surface sediment from Chongming Dongtan, situated at the mouth of the Changjiang River estuary, were collected and analyzed in order to understand how hydrological management can influence the concentrations of heavy metals and salt ions in pore water, and chemical fractionation of heavy metals during the reclamation process. We performed a series of experiments that simulated three dif ferent hydrological regimes: permanent flooding(R1), alternative five-day periods of wetting and drying(R2), continuous field capacity(R3). Our results exhibited good Pearson correlations coefficients between heavy metals and salt ions in the pore water for both R1 and R2. In particular, the concentrations of salt ions in the pore water decreased in all three regimes, but showed the biggest decline in R2. With this R2 experiment, the periodic concentration patterns in the pore water varied for Fe and Mn, but not for Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Neither the fractionation of Ni nor the residual fractions of any metals changed significantly in any regime. In R1, the reducible fractions of heavy metals(Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb) in the sediment decreased, while the acid extractable fractions increased. In R2, the acid extractable and the reducible fractions of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb both decreased, as did the oxidizable fraction of Cu. These data suggest that an alternating hydrological regime can reduce both salinity and the availability of heavy metals in sediments. 相似文献
20.
硒是人体必需微量元素之一,而水稻作为我国第一大主粮,其硒含量的高低与人体健康关系密切,因此研究水稻-根系土体系中硒含量的影响因素,可为富硒地区水稻种植及开发富硒农业提供科学理论依据。以赣南为研究区,采集138组水稻籽实及配套根系土样品进行了测试分析,探究赣南地区土壤理化条件对硒在水稻及其根系土中的实际影响效应,对富硒水稻及土壤进行质量综合评价,并构建富硒水稻地球化学适生模型。结果表明:赣南地区水稻根系土Se平均质量分数为0.29mg/kg,Se水平主要为足硒水平,富硒土壤仅占14.5%;有效硒(Sebio)质量分数平均为46.0μg/kg,占总硒质量分数的16.44%;水稻的Se平均质量分数为0.05mg/kg,无重金属元素超标的安全富硒水稻率达到45%,富硒水稻对Cd,Zn,Cu的生物富集能力较强。相关分析表明,根系土中Se质量分数与TFe2O3,MnO,MgO,有机碳(Corg)质量分数呈极显著正相关,与主要重金属元素存在一定程度的伴生关系。水稻Se质量分数与根系土Se,Sebio,SiO2质量分数和pH值呈极显著正相关,与Al2O3,有机碳(Corg)质量分数呈极显著负相关。单项污染指数表明研究区根系土中重金属元素基本属于清洁和尚清洁水平,Cd,Pb,As,Hg,Cu存在一些样品超标,其中Cd超标率最高;内梅罗综合污染指数表征77.0%的样品属于安全等级;富硒土壤综合评估显示研究区主要为良级富硒土壤,优级富硒土壤仅占8.7%。通过最佳子集回归分析最终选取了根系土总Se、有机质、pH值为自变量构建富硒水稻地球化学适生模型,拟合的模型可以解释水稻中Se30.6%的变异。 相似文献