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Gai Nan Yang Yongliang Li Yong Xue Yuan Zhu Xiaohua Geng Cunzhen Yu Hanqing Pan Jing 《第四纪研究》2012,32(3)
本文报道了从2009年8月至2010年7月在青岛市崂山区(36.03°N,120.18°E)以每周3天的采样频率连续采集近地面大气气溶胶12个月,测定近地面空气中7Be浓度值的研究结果.青岛市近地面空气中7Be浓度的变化范围为1.52～14.58mBq/m3,年平均值为6.83±0.40mBq/m3,显著高于全球平均水平.最高值出现在4月,最低值出现在7月.秋季为7Be浓度平均值最高的月份(9.02mBq/m3);其次为春季( 7.39mBq/m3);夏季为最低的月份(4.46mBq/m3).7Be浓度秋季水平高于夏季水平一倍.“春季泄漏”现象出现在4月份.青岛地区夏季受东南季风的影响,近地面空气中7Be浓度偏低.2009年秋季受厄尔尼诺影响,大气环流异常以及台风频发促使平流层底部和对流屡大气的交换,导致近地面空气中7Be的增多.冬季近地面空气中7Be浓度略高于夏季.青岛市近地面空气中7Be浓度的振荡变化与青岛年内气象条件振荡有关,季节性变化明显,反映了东亚季风区大气环流的特点. 相似文献
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不同季风时节北京近地面大气颗粒物中7Be和POPs的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年8月至2010年7月在东亚季风区中纬度城市北京连续一年以每周3天的时间尺度同步采集近地面大气中气溶胶样品并测定了宇宙射线成因核素7Be 和8种有机氯农药（OCPs）、7种多氯联苯（PCBs）的浓度。7Be浓度全年平均值为（8.39±0.49） mBq/m^3,显著高于欧洲地区具有相同纬度的城市。最高值出现在9月（15.64 mBq/m^3）,最低值出现在5月（1.35 mBq/m^3）。夏季7Be浓度值较低,春、秋季浓度值较高。对大气气溶胶中7Be进行不同季风时节的比较要比季节性的比较可更好地揭示7Be的变化规律及其来源。夏季的低值与东南季风导致的多降雨气象条件有关。秋季的高值为大气环流异常所致。OCPs和PCBs总浓度（∑OCPs和∑PCBs）呈现夏季低,秋、冬季高的现象。西风和西北风为北京市大气气溶胶中POPs浓度最高的季风时节。较高氯代PCBs （PCB153和PCB180）在冬季占主导优势。较高的PCB101和PCB118可能来自北京周边的污染源。在部分时期7Be与DDTs和δ-HCH有显著的相关性,而在春季和夏季PCB-101与7Be有很好的相关性。 相似文献
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自2001年12月连续逐周在贵阳观风山附近对近地面空气210Pb-7Be浓度和沉降量的观测表明:区域性降水和气温制约近地面空气210Pb具高浓度"U"型年分布;降水量和平流层向下输送影响近地面空气7Be月均浓度的季节性变化;210Pb/7Be月均浓度比率受控于210Pb变化和富7Be气团下沉的影响.观风山与瓦里关山之间因纬度和海拔的关系,7Be比率急剧震荡,显示出海洋性贫7Be气团入侵对观风山地区的明显影响.2002-2008年间贵阳观风山近地面空气210Pb的年均浓度(2.8±0.6)mBq/m3,约为全球若干站点中最高平均浓度值的4倍;而7Be的年均浓度(4.8±0.6)mBq/m3,与全球高海拔站点长期观测的平均值相当,大约为北半球中纬度对流层顶部附近7Be浓度值(18.0 mBq/m3)的1/3.8,显示出低纬度、较高海拔地区的预期水平.2003年,瓦里关山和观风山近地面空气7Be的年均浓度比为3.8,与预期的大气输送和混合作用基本一致.7Be月均浓度的增大趋势反映出受太阳黑子数减少的变化关系,其影响底线大约为4 mBq/m3;7Be年均浓度波动的增大趋势反映出受太阳黑子数降低的可能影响.贵阳观风山降水中7Be和210Pb的体积加权浓度分别为0.72 Bq/L和0.27 Bq/L;年沉降通量分别为0.080 Bq/(cm2·a)和0.031 Bq/(cm2·a).数值模拟显示出全球空气210Pb高浓度区和高沉降通量环带分布,印证了洱海和红枫湖沉积物7Be和157Cs蓄积的模拟结果. 相似文献
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瓦里关山与观风山近地面空气7Be浓度季节性变化对比 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
7Be广泛应用于大气物质传输、表土季节性迁移和微粒混合作用的示踪。它在不同地域空气中的浓度分布构成了多领域研究的基础。7Be在对流层空气中的浓度随地表海拔高度而增加。基于瓦里关山和观风山的位置差异和海拔高差,对比观测其近地面空气7Be浓度变化不仅有益于区域尺度的大气和地表环境过程的示踪,而且对全球尺度的研究也将具重要意义。2002-10-09～2004-01-21,利用美国环境测量实验室的低水平核素表层大气采样系统在瓦里关山和观风山同步连续进行每周1个大气气溶胶样品的采集工作。7Be的比活度系用多道能谱仪进行γ谱测定,测量误差小于6%。中美两实验室对逐周样品测量结果表明两实验室的数据具有很好的可比性。两个站点7Be浓度逐周变化趋势总体相似,具有2～6周的短周期波动,波峰与波谷具有良好的对应关系,其高值或低值波动延迟或超前的差异与区域尺度的天气过程传播一致。瓦里关山和观风山7Be的年均浓度分别为(14.7±1.5)mBq/m3和(4.1±0.9)mBq/m3,前者约为后者的3.6倍。近地面空气7Be浓度与同期降水量的比较表明,在周时间尺度上,两者呈现出较好的预期负相关变化;而在月平均尺度上,两地7Be浓度变化比较稳定。位于内陆地区的瓦里关山受低海拔气团上升的影响较小,其空气中7Be浓度变化较真实地反映了中纬度、高海拔地区的背景水平。观风山地区虽然受到低纬度海洋性上升气团的影响,但7Be浓度变化仍然显示出低纬度、较高海拔地区的预期水平。 相似文献
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连续一年在北京、青岛、广州以每周3d的时间尺度同步采集近地面大气中气溶胶中7Be的测定数据以及在春、秋季节变换时期我国5个不同纬度城市大气气溶胶中7Be和典型持久性有机污染物（有机氯农药和多氯联苯1的同步观测数据,并对文献上发表的我国其他城市近地面大气中气溶胶中’Be年平均值数据进行了分析。通过对以上数据资料的总结和分析,观察到在东亚季风区近地表大气气溶胶中7Be浓度的年平均值呈现正态分布模式,并且在中纬度北纬40°N附近达到极大值。大气气溶胶中7Be在春、秋季节变换时期我国不同纬度城市的瞬时纬度分布仍呈现正态分布模式,但以30°N为最大值。在秋季大气颗粒相中HCHs和PCBs浓度最大值出现在30°N。气相中PCB-28所占百分比随纬度增高而增大,而颗粒相中PCB-28的纬度变化不大。蒸汽压较低的PCB-180在气相中的浓度基本上不随纬度变化,而颗粒相中PCB-180则基本上集中在纬度36。N左右,表明在东亚季风区大气中挥发性较低的POPs化合物具有某种纬度聚焦作用。以宇宙射线成因核素7Be作为大气环流的参照系,可以得出东亚季风区大气环流可影响持久性有机污染物纬度分布的结论。 相似文献
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认识环境核素在不同地域空气中的浓度分布和沉降到地表环境的通量对气溶胶污染物全球扩散模型的建立和验证、沉积过程示踪和沉积计年、流域侵蚀示踪参比,以及生态系统受天然辐照的评价等多个领域都是关键的依据.自2001年以来在贵阳观风山等地逐周连续采样,对近地面空气和降水中210Pb和7Be浓度的观测结果表明:①因气象条件变化,近地面空气210mPb和7Be周浓度具有2～6周变幅不等的短周期波动.210Pb空气浓度在年内的总趋势呈现出受气温变化的总体影响和降水的短暂调控;而7Be空气浓度出现连续不断的峰-谷交替.②两核素在近地面空气周浓度的低值同步,210Pb/7Be比率较高(≥0.8),显示出海洋性贫210Pb-7Be气团的入侵影响;它们高的周浓度也同步耦合,比率较低(≤0.7),显示出高层大气富7Be气团的输入.③210Pb和7Be的周降水浓度及水-气分配系数在秋末春季较高,而春末-秋季明显偏低.周降水浓度随同期空气浓度呈增高趋势,其季节分界分别为0.2 Bq/L和1 Bq/L;而Kd值随同期空气浓度增大呈降低趋势.210Pb和7Be的降水沉降主要分布在每年的春夏季;周沉降量随同期降水量呈增大趋势,7Be增大的斜率约为210Pb的3倍;当近于零降水时,它们在降水中的初始比率约为2.5.它们出现高或者较高的周降水沉降都伴随当周或邻周空气浓度的急剧下降;降水中210Pb/7Be比率主要分布在≤0.5,并与空气中210Pb/7Be比率基本同步,显示出两核素被降水清洗的效率基本相近.④2008年冰冻极端天气过程中,210Pb-7Be空气浓度同步低谷并存在气溶胶低浓度与高比活度耦合.⑤观风山7Be周空气浓度显示低纬度、较高海拔地区的预期水平;短周期波动反映强下沉气流和低海拔上升气团影响分别在观风山和瓦里关山的滞后性. 相似文献
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测定了黄河口三角洲获取的表层样ZK1(高潮滩)、ZK2(潮上带)与ZK3(陆上三角洲)的^(7)Be含量,利用降雨量-^(7)Be大气沉降通量公式估算了黄河三角洲区域的^(7)Be大气沉降量,而后根据^(7)Be的比活度分布、沉积环境以及沉积物粒度探讨了研究区的侵蚀特征。实验结果表明:ZK3的^(7)Be最大可测得深度为6 mm,ZK2为2~4 mm,ZK1为0~2 mm,3个样点的^(7)Be比活度均在0~2 mm内达到最大值。ZK3的^(7)Be比活度随深度呈指数式衰变,且其面积活度值与沉积通量估算值相符,表明ZK3处沉积环境稳定,也验证了沉降公式在黄河三角洲的适用性。进一步结合沉积速率与沉积时间对3个样点进行对比分析发现,黄河三角洲的高潮滩和潮上带在风暴潮来临时分别经历海水和风力的侵蚀作用,2018年11月20日至2019年5月3日样点ZK1处沉积平衡(B)为−0.4 cm,样点ZK2处沉积平衡(B)为−0.2 cm,反映了风蚀作用强度弱于海水侵蚀作用。研究区在冬半年内表现为净侵蚀但整体地势变化平缓,且侵蚀强度应具有冬半年大于夏半年的季节性特征。 相似文献
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210Pb等核素对于大气物质传输途径、流域侵蚀作用和水体沉积过程有重要示踪价值.认识它们在环境运移过程的作用机理、速率和通量是示踪研究的基本内容.我们最新的研究进展主要有1)取得采样及分析数据的国际可比性;2)揭示黔中地区近地面空气210Pb呈现高浓度U型年分布特征;3)获得青海瓦里及山关顶部7Be的高浓度分布;气流强下沉影响在观风山的滞后性和低海拔气团上升影响在瓦里关山的滞后性;4)模拟显示210Pb在一些地区近地面空气的高浓度分布和在全球的高沉降通量环带分布;5)揭示富营养湖泊出现的微粒清洗效应及210Pbex对湖泊生产力变化的示踪价值. 相似文献
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GREW EDWARD S.; YATES MARTIN G.; SHEARER CHARLES K.; HAGERTY JUSTIN J.; SHERATON JOHN W.; SANDIFORD MICHAEL 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(5):859-882
Anatectic veins containing the Be minerals khmaralite and berylliansapphirine as primary phases (or surinamite derived therefrom)are associated with Mg–Al-rich paragneisses at three localitiesin the ultrahigh-temperature Napier complex, Antarctica, a uniqueBe mineralization in the granulite facies. Likely precursorsof the paragneisses are volcaniclastic deposits that were hydrothermallyaltered by heated seawater prior to metamorphism. Regular distributionof Be among minerals in the paragneisses suggests an approachto equilibrium with Be greatly concentrated in sapphirine (25–3430ppm Be) or cordierite (560–930 ppm Be) relative to plagioclaseAn53–66 (14–43 ppm Be) > cores of coarse-grainedorthopyroxene (0·7–29 ppm Be) > coronitic orthopyroxene(0·4–14 ppm Be) sillimanite (0·1–26ppm Be) plagioclase An18–33 (0·6–15 ppmBe) > biotite (0·06–8 ppm Be) > K-feldspar,quartz, garnet (0·05–0·7 ppm Be). Sapphirine-bearingparagneisses have average Be concentrations, 4·9 ±2·4 ppm (13 samples), about twice that of typical pelites,whereas paragneisses lacking sapphirine and primary cordieritehave only 2·9 ± 2·1 ppm Be (12 samples),implying some loss of Be during metamorphism. The likely sourcerocks for the Be-rich melts were biotitic rocks lacking theBe sinks sapphirine and cordierite. These gneisses were probablyless competent than the sapphirine-bearing gneisses, so themelts were drawn to the latter and collected in spaces openedduring deformation and boudinage of the more competent paragneisses.Fractionation of the melts concentrated Be to the extent thatBe minerals could crystallize. The final result was Be-mineralizedanatectic veins hosted by relatively Be-rich sapphirine-bearingparagneisses. KEY WORDS: Antarctica; beryllium; granulite facies; microprobe; sapphirine 相似文献
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P204萃淋树脂反相萃取色谱分离富集光度法测定岩石矿物中痕量铍 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了国产P204萃淋树脂反相萃取色谱分离富集岩石矿物中的痕量铍。在EDTA-Zn和H_2O_2存在下,上柱分离Fe、Ti、Al以及大量其它常见元素,再用5mol/L HCl洗脱Be后进行测定。方法用地质标准物质分析验证,其结果与推荐值吻合,对含Be为0.0092％的硅酸盐岩石样品进行7次平行分析,(?)=0.0091％,RSD=5.4％。 相似文献
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Beryllium isotope concentrations were determined in monthly rainfall collections at three sites across New Zealand (36 to 45° S), from October 1996 to November 1998. At the northern sites of Leigh (near Auckland) and Gracefield (near Wellington), 7Be and 10Be concentrations are relatively constant at 1.2 to 1.4 × 107 atoms kg−1 rain and 2.1 to 2.6 × 107 atoms kg−1 rain, respectively. These concentrations correspond to annual flux rates of ∼15 and ∼27 × 109 atoms m−2 y−1, respectively. At the southern site of Dunedin, concentrations are similar to those at the northern sites, but flux rates are significantly lower at ∼ 9 and ∼19 × 109 atoms m−2 y−1, respectively, because of lower average rainfall east of the Southern Alps mountain range. These results are broadly similar to those reported by Brown et al. (1989) and Knies et al. (1994) for rain from midlatitude sites in the USA sampled from 1986 to 1994. Mean 7Be/10Be ratios for New Zealand (0.47 to 0.61) are, however, significantly lower than for the USA (0.69 to 0.78), due in part to the addition of 10Be from re-suspended dust. Subtraction of the dust component increases the New Zealand 7Be/10Be ratios to 0.70 (Leigh), 0.65 (Gracefield) and 0.50 (Dunedin). The adjusted results provide evidence for transfer of older stratospheric air to the troposphere in late-spring-summer, an effect which is strongest in the north. The overall reduction of 7Be/10Be from north to south implies an increase in residence time from ∼ 80 to ∼100 d for Be isotopes in the atmosphere above New Zealand. 相似文献
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Juan Pablo de Rosas Alexander Dario Esquivel Diego Martinez Heimann Agustin E. Negri Flavia Lohaiza Diego Leonardo Valladares Alejandro I. Zavala Hugo Huck Jimena Juri Ayub 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(16):587
This work presents the results of a soil erosion study using the 7Be technique. This technique estimates the water erosion/deposition from the comparison between 7Be soil content of a reference site and an eroded or sedimented site. The soil samples were collected from an agricultural area of the semiarid region of Argentina near San Luis City, which has a marked rainfall season. The area has been used for crop cultivation, being subjected to plowing practices. The 7Be in the Reference Site was in the first centimeter of soil, showing the typical exponential decreasing of 7Be soil content with depth, with the 7Be inventories value being 340?±?50 Bq m?2 for the dry season and 571?±?48 Bq m?2 for the rainy season. The 7Be technique was applied to a potential eroded site subjected to traditional tillage practices (plowing). A net soil erosion value of 13.5 t ha?1 (1.35 kg m?2) was obtained. From the assumptions of the applied technique, we can draw the inference that this erosion was caused by rains produced in the month prior to the date of soil sampling. 相似文献
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充分认识元素和同位素在不同环境条件下的地球化学行为,是运用元素和同位素示踪环境变化的前提。对来自于黄土高原的黄土、古土壤和红粘土样品的宇宙成因核素10Be测量和化学成分分析,以及各种化学淋溶实验表明：10Be主要以吸附状态赋存于粉尘沉积物粘粒矿物的表面,部分已结合进自生的粘土矿物中;在粉尘沉积物风化过程中10BC与9Be和Al的活动性相似,基本没有发生迁移,其原因是连续沉积的粉尘含有大量的碱性物质,阻止了10Be的解吸附和淋滤;沉积和风化作用导致了10Be浓度与化学指标在黄土－古土壤和红粘土剖面中的协同变化。 相似文献
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Determination of Lithium, Beryllium and Boron at Trace Levels by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Massimo Tiepolo Alberto Zanetti Riccardo Vannucci 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2005,29(2):211-224
The analytical capabilities of laser ablation (LA)-ICP-MS in determining Li, Be and B at trace levels in geological samples have been tested on a series of glass reference materials and natural samples. The LA-ICP-MS instrument used consisted of a sector-field ICP-MS coupled with a laser ablation microprobe operating at either 266 or 213 nm wavelength. Reference glasses from NIST (SRM 612, 614 and 616) and MPI-DING (KL2-G, ML3B-G, StHs6/80-G, GOR128-G, GOR132-G, T1-G and ATHO-G) were selected to develop the analytical method and to assess the best instrumental configuration. A series of calcic amphiboles with different Li, Be and B concentrations were also analysed using both LA-ICP-MS and SIMS to test the applicability of the method to natural minerals. Results indicated that with a spot size of 40 μm the agreement between measured and reference values of Li, Be and B is generally better than 10% for NIST SRM 612 and 20% for NIST SRM 614. Average reproducibility at the 2s level was 10% for Li, 20% for Be and 15% for B. Limits of detection were approximately 100 ng g-1 for Be and B and 200 ng g-1 for Li. These results were confirmed by analyses carried out on natural amphiboles and compared well in terms of precision and accuracy with those commonly achieved by SIMS. 相似文献
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Geochemistry of beryllium in Bulgarian coals 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Greta M. Eskenazy 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2006,66(4):305-315
The beryllium content of about 3000 samples (coal, coaly shales, partings, coal lithotypes, and isolated coalified woods) from 16 Bulgarian coal deposits was determined by atomic emission spectrography. Mean Be concentrations in coal show great variability: from 0.9 to 35 ppm for the deposits studied. There was no clear-cut relationship between Be content and rank. The following mean and confidence interval Be values were measured: lignites, 2.6 ± 0.8 ppm; sub-bituminous coals, 8.2 ± 3.3 ppm; bituminous coals, 3.0 ± 1.2 ppm; and anthracites, 19 ± 9.0 ppm. The Be contents in coal and coaly shales for all deposits correlated positively suggesting a common source of the element. Many samples of the coal lithotypes vitrain and xylain proved to be richer in Be than the hosting whole coal samples as compared on ash basis. Up to tenfold increase in Be levels was routinely recorded in fusain. The ash of all isolated coalified woods was found to contain 1.1 to 50 times higher Be content relative to its global median value for coal inclusions.Indirect evidence shows that Be occurs in both organic and inorganic forms. Beryllium is predominantly organically bound in deposits with enhanced Be content, whereas the inorganic form prevails in deposits whose Be concentration approximates Clarke values.The enrichment in Be exceeding the coal Clarke value 2.4 to 14.5 times in some of the Bulgarian deposits is attributed to subsynchronous at the time of coal deposition hydrothermal and volcanic activity. 相似文献