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1.
《测量评论》2013,45(7):7-12
AbstractIn his article “Standards of Length in Question” published in the last number of this Review (Vol. i, pp. 277–-84) Captain G. T. McCawgave us most interesting and valuable history concerning the questionable past of the international metre. He has, it may be assumed, exhausted published evidence; but he states that he can find no reference to invitations from this country to France and Holland to send their fundamental standards for comparison with others at the Ordnance Survey in the eighteen sixties. 相似文献
2.
What is GIS and What is Not? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christopher M Gold 《Transactions in GIS》2006,10(4):505-519
As the title implies, this review of GIS (both GI Systems and GI Science) talks about boundaries – what is “in” and what is “out”. In order to do this, the discussion itself must have some boundaries. A Canadian prime minister once described his country as “too much geography and not enough history”. Here we will try to minimize both the history and the geography, and see how GI Science (the discipline) impinges on a variety of other disciplines, from Astronomy to Zoology perhaps. In other words, the boundaries of GI Science are becoming much less clear‐cut, and fuzzier. It is important not merely to look at the traditional “Geo‐” disciplines, but at other subjects which can contribute by overlapping with GI Science. In many cases this overlap may be more a question of mutually useful technology than similarity of applications – so even the distinction between GI Systems (the technology) and GI Science is a fuzzy one. This review is just one opinion, and a brief one at that, of where GIS fits at one moment in time. It will inevitably conflict in parts with the opinions of others. In outline we will look briefly at the initial situation, and see that historically the technology slowly became a new discipline. Since the question – What is GIS and what is not? – involves comparisons, we must look at the boundaries between the “ins” and the “outs”, initially for the discipline and then for the technology. Inevitably these boundaries will be fuzzy, with lots of overlap. We will then attempt to use these overlaps to suggest where things might go in the near future. 相似文献
3.
《测量评论》2013,45(29):425-430
AbstractThe town plans in question are those ranging from the “five-foot” (1/1056) to the modified “ten-foot” (1/500) scales, made by the Ordnance Survey between 1841 and 1894, and then, in principle at any rate, abandoned. This is, I fear, wholly a British matter and profuse apologies are offered to oversea readers. Yet history, repeating itself as usual, may presently add the wider interest to the tale. 相似文献
4.
5.
《测量评论》2013,45(57):93-102
AbstractIn 1938 the committee to investigate the activities of the Ordnance Survey, presided over by Lord Davidson, issued its final report. One of the terms of reference of this committee was “to review the scales and styles of Ordnance Survey maps placed on sale to the public and to recommend whether any changes are desirable”. 相似文献
6.
《测量评论》2013,45(9):163-166
AbstractThe survey of Sierra Leone was fortunate enough to be completed just in time before the economic blizzard (if I may be permitted a well-worn journalistic cliché) descended on West Africa in common with the rest of the world and largely curtailed such activities. I do not propose to deal here with its technical side to any great extent. An excellent account of bush surveying is to be found in the “Handbook of the Southern Nigerian Survey”, which account always filled me with the greatest awe and respect for the men working there, their output being vastly greater than anything we were able to achieve in Sierra Leone. Truly “there were giants … in those days”. 相似文献
7.
none 《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(2):188-199
AbstractThis paper is concerned with the future of the British national mapping agency in a society which is markedly different from that in which the Ordnance Survey Review Committee of 1979 worked. The objective is to ascertain which topographic information is needed, who should provide it, on what terms and through which mechanisms. Prior to making an attempt to answer these questions, the essential characteristics of Ordnance Survey (OS) are summarised as deduced from available documentary evidence; the changing attitudes to information as a commodity, the growing competition in British mapping and the government's stringent requirements from the Survey are also outlined as just three of the many complexities which affect OS. Building upon Smith's classic 1979 paper and subsequent experience, the rationale for government involvement in mapping is examined. It is concluded that the Survey has a continuing vital role though there are a number of steps which the OS should take in order to adapt to changing circumstances. 相似文献
8.
《测量评论》2013,45(10)
AbstractIn 1911 Lord Carrington, then President of the Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, offered me the appointment of Director-General of the Ordnance Survey of the (then) United Kingdom, and I need not say that I accepted the appointment. I took over from my predecessor, Colonel S. C. N. Grant, on the 22nd August. The Ordnance Survey was a single department charged with the mapping, on a great variety of scales, of England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. Officers and men were freely interchangeable between the different countries. 相似文献
9.
《测量评论》2013,45(49):107-116
AbstractThat man is to be envied who can devote many of the best years of his life to the study of a special branch of science and make some advances in it. Such a man will usually receive recognition of the value of his labours from his fellows in the world of science, and this was certainly the case with Colonel Clarke. The excellence of his many years' work on geodetical subjects, such as thereduction of observations, formulre for the spheroid, figures of the earth, standards of length, and similar matters, was fully appreciated by scientific men during his lifetime, in this country as well as abroad. Curiously enough, his name does not appear in the “Dictionary of National Biography”, though he is, perhaps, the best known of British geodesists. A paragraph is devoted to him in recent issues of the “Encyclopredia Britannica”, but this paragraph is, in one respect, inaccurate. One may say that geodesy makes little appeal to the ordinary citizen, who usually would not know what it is all about. 相似文献
10.
《测量评论》2013,45(12):322-328
Abstract The Ordnance Survey after the War.—I might class the four years after the War, during which I remained at the head of the Ordnance Survey, as interesting but troublesome. As is well known, an entirely unreasonable impression was spread about that, now that the War was over, there would be a period of great prosperity, and that we should all live like fighting cocks. Well, things did not work out like that. There was a Select Committee on National Expenditure (1918), and this Committee recommended a lengthening of the period of revision of the large-scale maps of the United Kingdom and a consequent, ultimate, reduction of establishment by 500 men. The Treasury later on insisted on a reduction by 600, including Ireland. 相似文献
11.
《测量评论》2013,45(11):258-264
Abstract The Ordnance Survey and the War.—I shall not inflict upon the readers of this Review any very long account of the work of the Ordnance Survey during the Great War. At that time the work of the Survey suffered from one necessary disadvantage: all the young men on its establishment, whether in the R.E. Companies or on the Civil Staff, left for active service. As a slight compensation for this inevitable dislocation all money difficulties in the preparation of maps for war disappeared. 相似文献
12.
《测量评论》2013,45(71):39-43
AbstractA Newcomer to Malaya visiting Cameron Highlands for the first time may probably wonder, after his car has made its tortuous ascent into the mountains, how this area became Malaya's main hill station and why it received its name. He may not know that years before the Highlands came under serious consideration and after it was obvious the development of Fraser's Hill could only be limited, Gunong Tahan, the highest mountain in the peninsula (7,186 feet) on the borders of Kelantan and Pahang, was for a long time considered as Malaya's only hope of a hill station likely to rival those of India and Ceylon. In fact, a topographical survey made by the Federated Malay States Survey Department just before and during the 1914–18 war revealed the presence there of an extensive plateau at a height of about 5,400 feet, It seemed so promising that in 1912 the Governor, Sir Arthur Young, made the ascent on foot to inspect it. However, before coming to a decision Government considered it advisable to test the climatic conditions there, and accordingly a party of observers was recruited from England for the purpose. They spent a year on Gunong Tahan between 1921 and 1922 and subsequently made a report on their observations. Opinion then became unfavourable, partly because the plateau is but imperfectly furnished with soil, partly because it is somewhat inaccessible from most of the inhabited areas of the peninsula, and partly because during too many days of the year it is liable to become enshrouded in heavy mists. The idea of immediately developing Gunong Tahang was therefore abandoned. Those who thought they saw in this mountain another Newara-Eliya or Ootacamund were naturally disappointed and soon cast around for another site to accommodate the hill station of their dreams. In this quest someone remembered or alighted upon in the archives of the Perak Public Works Department a report by an explorer named William Cameron on his journey overland about 1884 from Kinta to the mouth of the Pahang River. The late Sir Frank Swettenham, in his last book, “ Footprints in Malaya “, published by Hutchinson & Co., Ltd., London, in 1942, throws some light on Cameron and his activities about this time. He says, “ Amongst the strangers from Ceylon and India, from Shanghai, Hong-Kong, Australia and elsewhere, who strayed into Selangor was Mr. William Cameron, brother of the editor of the Straits Times, a highly respected resident of Singapore. Mr. William Cameron came to Selangor shortly after I became British Resident there, and he asked to be allowed to do something which would help in the development of the country. His culture and his quiet manner appealed to me, and I asked him what he proposed to do. He explained that he had some knowledge of minerals and geology, and he suggested that he should be given a roving commission to go, with a party of wild people whom he would collect, and explore the depths of the jungle and report the result of his search …. I engaged Mr. Cameron to do what he suggested. He made all his own arrangements, managed somehow to collect a party of aborigines, and disappeared into the jungle for weeks at a time. When he returned from these expeditions he used to come to the Residency, stay a few days, make his report and start off again. After one prolonged absence, when I became anxious about his safety, he returned very ill and had to be carried the last stage of his journey. He then reported the discovery of the high table-land on the borders of Perak and Pahang, now known as Cameron Highlands. I do not know what had upset him, unless it was the hardships he went through in those many weeks of travel up and down the jungle-covered mountains of the main range, but while he stayed with me he was subject to strange delusions, walked about the house at 3 a.m., carrying an iron bar, and two or three times in a night I had to put him back in his bed. Finally, one morning, he produced a revolver and shot at his Chinese servant, and when I went to his room and told him I had removed all his firearms because of that incident, he merely remarked: ‘Yes, but I didn't ·hit him.’ Eventually it was necessary to send him to the Singapore Hospital’ for proper care, and there he died.” 相似文献
13.
《测量评论》2013,45(11):264-268
AbstractI may say at once that this article has nothing to do with either the Gaiety chorus or the “Old Firm”: it is merely a statement of what seem to me the fancies in Dr. de Graaff Hunter's paper “Figures of Reference for the Earth”, E.S.R., No. 8,pp. 73–8. Many readers of the Review will share my gratitude to Dr. Hunter for his lucid presentation of the theory underlying the usual geodetic processes. I disagree with only one of his points, and its implications, but unfortunately that point is fundamental. 相似文献
14.
M. C. Walsh 《The Photogrammetric Record》1987,12(69):287-291
Since the mid-1960s, the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, whose headquarters are in Dublin, has undergone great technological change. This paper emphasises the photogrammetric aspects of that change and outlines how a sophisticated range of modern equipment is used in the supply of survey data for the Irish Republic. 相似文献
15.
《测量评论》2013,45(76):242-255
AbstractDuring the last year, the Air Survey Section, Field Division, Ordnance Survey, have had many visitors. Most of them have been surprised at what they have seen: some at the fact that we are able to make so much use of air photographs even in the largest scale surveys, and some at the small amount of information we seem able to extract from them. This paper is an attempt to give in some detail the ways in which air photographs are used to solve the problems of the Ordnance Survey, why they are used and their limitations for our purposes. 相似文献
16.
P. F. Fagan 《The Photogrammetric Record》1972,7(40):405-423
17.
《测量评论》2013,45(21):422-427
AbstractThe survey of “mailos” or native estates in the Kingdom of Buganda has taken a prominent place in the annual programme of the Survey Department of Uganda for over 30 years past. The survey, which has covered some 17,000 square miles and is now practically complete, has some unusual features, and although it has no claims to refinement or to great precision, a short account of its history and workings may be of general interest. The system of land settlement introduced by Sir Harry Johnston has already been described in the Empire Survey Review (“The Surveyor and the Politician”, by H. B. Thomas, vol. ii, p. 28). 相似文献
18.
《测量评论》2013,45(25):140-151
AbstractThe subject of the training of European surveyors has received a great deal of attention in the course of the last two Empire Conferences, but little or no mention has been made of the native surveyor, his education, work, and prospects. The subject is very important, however, and the account of the training of Africans for the N. Rhodesia Survey, which appeared in vol. iii, no. 21 of the Empire Survey Review, was read with considerable interest. It may not be out of place, therefore, to introduce this paper on the means adopted in Malaya to recruit and train an efficient staff of subordinates or “Technical Assistants” as they are termed locally. 相似文献
19.
《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(1):13-35
AbstractDuring the Second World War, the German army developed the largest organization of any nation ever to contribute military applications of earth science in wartime. In the summer of 1940, its military geologists assisted planning for potentially the greatest amphibious assault to that time in history by preparing maps which analysed the terrain of southeast England in terms of coastal geomorphology, groundwater supply, quarry sites for construction materials and off-road trafficability. These specialist maps were generated at scales of 1:50 000, 1:100 000 or 1:250 000 by annotating topographical base maps, derived from the then current Ordnance Survey maps at most similar scale, with data derived from maps and memoirs published by the Geological Survey of Great Britain or larger-scale Ordnance Survey maps. They represent an early example of geotechnical mapping skills developed more fully in the German armed forces for operations elsewhere later in the war. 相似文献
20.
《测量评论》2013,45(17):165-169
AbstractBrought up as we are in the British Empire in a world of difficult weights and measures, we come to regard them as inevitably complex and laborious, and only when we come into direct contact with professional and business men of foreign nations is it brought home to us how pathetically foolishwe are in sticking to systems of mensuration that have not resulted from deliberate thought but have evolved from the vagaries of mensuration in history. At the commencement of our instruction in arithmetic we are informed (to quote Workman's text-book) that “when we put down a list of the number of inches that make a foot, the number of feet that make a yard, and the number of yards that make a mile, we get what is called a Table of Long Measure. Similar tables are needed for other measures. The following tables must be learnt thoroughly by heart. They are all the measures which are really needed, though a great many more are in use and will be mentioned later.” Here follows, without a word of apology, a page of historical antiquities in the shape of our tables, each one a self-contained entity, seemingly priding itself on having no connexion whatever with any other. 相似文献