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1.
《测量评论》2013,45(3):100-109
AbstractWILLEBRORD SNEL VAN ROIEN, the “learned Snellius,” was born in 1580 at Leyden, where his father Rudolf was Professor of Science. He naturally proceeded to the university, and made such rapid progress under his tutor, L. van Ceulen, that he was already in 1600 delivering lectures on Ptolemy's “Almagest.” With his mind developed by travel in Europe, including a residence of some duration at Prague, where he was associated with Tycho Brahe before that great observer's death in 1601 and with the still more eminent Kepler as another of Brahe's pupils, he had acquired such scholarship as to publish in 1608 a daring reconstruction of the defective work, “De sectione determinata,” by Apollonius of Tyana. This was the year of his marriage to Maria de Lange, daughter of the Burgomaster of Schoon. 相似文献
2.
《测量评论》2013,45(80):60-65
AbstractThe 200th anniversary of the publication by Murdoch Mackenzie (Senior) in May 1750 of his “Orcades, or a Geographic and Hydrographic Survey of the Orkney and Lewis Islands, in 8 maps”, is an opportune moment for a brief résumé of the contribution made by Mackenzie and his successors in the field of nautical surveying. The appearance of this work ushered in a new era in marine survey, for it was the first charting carried out in this country based on a rigid triangulation framework. The importance of this fact can further be appreciated when it is remembered that a contemporary topographic map like General Roys' famous “Map of the Highlands” begun in 1747 was little more than an elaborate compass sketch; thus under Mackenzie's influence, marine surveying at this period was ahead of its topographic counterpart. 相似文献
3.
《测量评论》2013,45(96):81-87
AbstractSeveral articles which deal with instruction in surveying at the university have appeared recently in the E.S.R., notably ones by P. N. Ray (xii, 89, 104–110), A. Stephenson (xii, 91, 217–222)and K. R. Peattie (xii, 94, 376–379). Particular attention is given in them to courses for engineering students. It may be of interest to readers of this Journal to hear of a survey course for geography students. Although the pattern varies at different universities, it is common to find instruction, for all geography students, in simple surveying, with practice in chain and compass surveys and the use of the plane table, while Honours students may select surveying at a late stage in the course as one of the branches of the subject in which they are to specialize. Below are set out details of a course given at University College, Ibadan, Nigeria. 相似文献
4.
AbstractI. Introduction.—Map projection is a branch of applied mathematics which owes much to J. H. Lambert (v. this Review, i, 2, 91). In his “Beyträge zum Gebrauche der Mathematik und deren Anwendung” (Berlin, 1772) he arrived at a form of projection whereof the Transverse Mercator is a special case, and pointed out that this special case is adapted to a country of great extent in latitude but of small longitudinal width. Germain (“Traité des Projections”, Paris, 1865) described it as the Projection cylindrique orthomorphe de Lambert, but he also introduced the name Projection de Mercator transverse or renversée; he shows that Lambert's treatment of the projection was remarkably simple. 相似文献
5.
《测量评论》2013,45(81):138-140
Abstract1. In a paper on “Some Recent Developments in Photogrammetry” which he read recently at the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors and which has now been published in the Institution's Journal, Lieut.-Col. E. H. Thompson, R.E., expounded the advantages of using a reseau ruled on the glass pressure plate of the camera in order to obtain a calibrated grid on each photograph. 相似文献
6.
《测量评论》2013,45(65):90-100
AbstractTwenty years ago there seemed to be many good reasons for supposing that Wegener's hypothesis of Continental Drift was untenable. There seemed to be unsurmountable objections to it from a point of view of a mechanism capable of causing tectonic movements of such magnitude; there was disagreement over the correspondence of the orogenic belts in the areas of the earth which are supposed formerly to have been united, as well as over other major geological factors; there was the gravest discordance between the known palaeontological facts and those demanded by the theory; after examination of the geodetic evidence, at least one distinguished geodesist pronounced that it was insufficient. General opinion to-day has perhaps changed and there now appears to be a marked tendency to recognise the cogency of some of Wegener's general arguments and to pay greater attention to the possibilities which he propounded, because it is becoming increasingly clear that the question of the arrangement and of the stability of the primary structural units of the Earth's surface, during geological time, is one of the fundamental problems of geology, as well as of all the allied subjects of geophysics, geomorphology, geodesy, palaeoclimatology and palaeontology. This is the writer's opinion, for what it is worth, after studying the considerable literature on this important and fascinating subject which has accumulated in the course of the past 30 years, during part of a recent leave spent in “browsing” round the Schools and libraries of Cambridge University. 相似文献
7.
The concepts of “confining structure” and structure light are illuminated in this paper. A laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation, which is aimed at “confining structure”, is developed. Various scanning modes and their mathematical models based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation are discussed. According to the features of a huge object the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is determined as the main method in an actual application. The observation of four sound concrete posts and forced centering plates. Subsequently, it is transformed into the huge object coordinate system. The scanning mode with plumb plane is selected as the main mode in the whole work. And other assistant methods, such as close range photogrammetry and the method of using reflection sheet, are applied to the work of “scanning dead angle”. At last, a surveying accuracy estimation of this method is done and a surveying accuracy test is finished. It can be concluded that the structure light engineering surveying based on laser theodolite with three freedoms of rotation is considered to be an effective and applied method, and has many superiority to some other surveying methods in the work of surveying “confining structure”. 相似文献
8.
《测量评论》2013,45(82):163-177
AbstractThe method outlined below is a simple and rapid method, requiring no expensive equipment, of obtaining true heights from pairs of near vertical air photographs with a minimum of ground control. It is a direct application of the Fourcade theorem and, as it was finally developed at the University of the Witwatersrand in 1948-49, it has been given the name “Rand method” in the hope that this will connect it with Dr. Fourcade's country. 相似文献
9.
《测量评论》2013,45(9):163-166
AbstractThe survey of Sierra Leone was fortunate enough to be completed just in time before the economic blizzard (if I may be permitted a well-worn journalistic cliché) descended on West Africa in common with the rest of the world and largely curtailed such activities. I do not propose to deal here with its technical side to any great extent. An excellent account of bush surveying is to be found in the “Handbook of the Southern Nigerian Survey”, which account always filled me with the greatest awe and respect for the men working there, their output being vastly greater than anything we were able to achieve in Sierra Leone. Truly “there were giants … in those days”. 相似文献
10.
测绘仪器的开发与创新不仅是当前测绘信息化阶段工程本科人才培养的重要环节,也是工程教育认证中解决复杂工程问题的基本要求。仪器系统综合设计训练能够有效锻炼工科大学生解决复杂工程问题的能力。本文在明确专业认证中复杂工程问题的基本内涵后,介绍了仪器系统综合训练实验内容的设计方法,并梳理项目设计任务与复杂工程问题间的关系,同时结合课程反馈优化实践课程设置,将解决复杂工程问题的能力培养落到实处,为测绘类、仪器类相关专业培养方案的制订提供参考,使其符合工程教育认证标准要求。 相似文献
11.
《测量评论》2013,45(53):276-278
AbstractI Have read with interest Mr. L. P. Lee's remarkably well-informed article in the January number (vii, 51, 190) on “The Nomenclature and Classification of Map Projections”. I agree with much of what Mr. Lee says, but I cannot think that he has always been happy in his choice of names. 相似文献
12.
《测量评论》2013,45(55):26-27
AbstractEvery student of Close and Winterbotham's “Text Book of Topographical Surveying” learns that rewebbing diaphragms is a simple job. Unfortunately, when circumstances compel a surveyor to reweb a micrometer diaphragm in the field, he is liable to find, after some years in the tropics, that fever (and one thing and another) have played havoc with the steadiness of hand and eye. Under present conditions young surveyors who have been trained on optical micrometers may find themselves using 5″ micrometer theodolites with over a dozen webs, anyone of which is liable to sag, break or develop whiskers, while even a “Tavi” may conceivably remind the user that it has one web. 相似文献
13.
《测量评论》2013,45(90):152-159
AbstractWhen Colonel Lambton of Indian fame wanted funds for his Survey a leading melnber of the Finance Committee of Madras observed that “if any traveller wished to proceed to Seringapatam he need only say so to his palankeen bearer and he vouched he would find his way to that place without having recourse to Colonel Lambton's map”. Those who have had the privilege of dealing with finance branches will recognise in this quotation a powerful tradition and it is a measure both of the great march of events since Lambton's time and of the deterlnination of military surveyors not to lag behind them, in spite of finance committees, that good military maps are nowadays taken for granted and that the large survey organisations, required to produce them are accepted as a necessity. The struggle to maintain this position however goes on. 相似文献
14.
AbstractAn observer looking seawards views the horizon along a curvilinear path which is tangent to the surface of the sea. The distance to the tangent point depends on the height of his eye. The angle of depression of the ray at the observer's standpoint is known as “the dip of the visible sea horizon”. 相似文献
15.
《测量评论》2013,45(24):66-67
AbstractWhen Clarke had written finis to his account of the Principal Triangulation he and O'Farrell (his famous chief computer) framed those simple methods of computation which were to be characteristic of the work of the “tertiary computers”. The tertiary triangulation, resting upon an adjusted primary and a rather poor-class secondary, covered the country at distances of a little over a mile between points. Points were chosen not so much for visibility as for convenience of chaining. 相似文献
16.
《测量评论》2013,45(40):93-96
AbstractIn Close's “Text-book of Topographical Surveying” there still appears, as Plate XVII, a specimen of small-scale plane-table work in Somaliland. It dates back to 1903. In the first edition of the Text-book, which to the joy of all soldier surveyors replaced the “Manual of Military Topography”, the letterpress referring to Military Surveys dealt entirely with rapid small-scale mapping and with hasty triangulations. 相似文献
17.
O. A. Yevteyev 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):285-288
A colleague of K. A. Salishchev in the Moscow University Department of Cartography extends that scholar's criticism of the method of “raster digitization” defended by Ye. Ye. Shiryayev in the preceding paper. Yevteyev's comments focus on what he considers to be the narrow range of practical applications of the method, its artificial division of generalization into scalar and thematic components, and the poor perceptibility and resemblance of the maps to the actual objects being portrayed. Translated from: Geodeziya i kartografiya, 1986, No. 6, pp. 53–55. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(100):269-272
AbstractThe article “Notes on the Position Line” by B. Chiat (E.S.R., xiii, 97, 137) is very informative in the conclusions reached regarding the validity of drawing the position line straight, but it seems, to me at least, that the discussion involving the effects of the earth's non-sphericity is an academic labouring of a difficulty which, in fact, is non-existent. 相似文献