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1.
《测量评论》2013,45(14):484-493
AbstractThat Peru should have drawn from the British Army the technical personnel for the survey in connexion with her boundary demarcation with Bolivia is interesting, because at this period she employed missions of French officers both for her army and for her navy. Her neighbours—certainly Chile and Bolivia—looked to Germany for instruction in military matters. Militarily England has had little connexion with Peru's development. The fact that between the capital Lima and its port Callao there stands a statue to an Englishman, a general, whose memoirs are to be found in the War Office library and who fought to win the independence of Peru from Spain, can hardly have been sufficient reason for the selection of British military officers to do her boundary work. The effectiveness of the work of Colonel Sir Thomas Holdich on the Chile-Argentina frontier was certainly a leading reason for this choice; but it is probable that the excellent work in survey and exploration accomplished for Bolivia by Lieut.-Colonel P. H. Fawcett, R.A., was the ultimate factor which decided Peru to seek in the British Army an officer of equal rank with him to serve her interests in the cause of frontier demarcation, while Fawcett was serving those of Bolivia. Fawcett's most outstanding piece of exploration had been done on this frontier a year or two before the boundary commissions assembled, and this was his ascent of the Heath river from mouth to source. During this ascent he sowed the seeds of friendship with the.natives of this river, although he was assailed by them with a flight of arrows when struggling up the river with his canoes. 相似文献
2.
AbstractIn this article the author explains how military geography information is being exploited by modern Armed Forces. In doing so he highlights some of the underlying principles of surveying and cartographic that define paper mapping, and that are still applicable in the digital era.This article reflects the personal views of Lieutenant Colonel Prain who is currently serving in the Headquarters of the Defence Geographic and Imagery Intelligence Agency. 相似文献
3.
《测量评论》2013,45(3):100-109
AbstractWILLEBRORD SNEL VAN ROIEN, the “learned Snellius,” was born in 1580 at Leyden, where his father Rudolf was Professor of Science. He naturally proceeded to the university, and made such rapid progress under his tutor, L. van Ceulen, that he was already in 1600 delivering lectures on Ptolemy's “Almagest.” With his mind developed by travel in Europe, including a residence of some duration at Prague, where he was associated with Tycho Brahe before that great observer's death in 1601 and with the still more eminent Kepler as another of Brahe's pupils, he had acquired such scholarship as to publish in 1608 a daring reconstruction of the defective work, “De sectione determinata,” by Apollonius of Tyana. This was the year of his marriage to Maria de Lange, daughter of the Burgomaster of Schoon. 相似文献
4.
《测量评论》2013,45(49):107-116
AbstractThat man is to be envied who can devote many of the best years of his life to the study of a special branch of science and make some advances in it. Such a man will usually receive recognition of the value of his labours from his fellows in the world of science, and this was certainly the case with Colonel Clarke. The excellence of his many years' work on geodetical subjects, such as thereduction of observations, formulre for the spheroid, figures of the earth, standards of length, and similar matters, was fully appreciated by scientific men during his lifetime, in this country as well as abroad. Curiously enough, his name does not appear in the “Dictionary of National Biography”, though he is, perhaps, the best known of British geodesists. A paragraph is devoted to him in recent issues of the “Encyclopredia Britannica”, but this paragraph is, in one respect, inaccurate. One may say that geodesy makes little appeal to the ordinary citizen, who usually would not know what it is all about. 相似文献
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6.
《测量评论》2013,45(48):50-56
AbstractIn the memoir of the late Capt. G. T. McCaw which appeared in the January number of this Review (vii, 47,2), reference was made to the part which the late Sir David Gill played in the origin of the work on the survey of the Arc of the 30th Meridian in Africa. This year is the centenary of Gill's birth, as he was born in June 1843, and it is therefore timely to give some account of his work during his long term of office as Her Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape which resulted inthe inception and completion of the Geodetic Survey of South Africa and the survey of the Arc to the southern shores of Lake Tanganyika. He died on 24th January 1914. 相似文献
7.
《测量评论》2013,45(8):86-89
AbstractTHE article on Road-Surveying in the East by Mr. J. N. List in the Empire Survey Review, No.6, 263–74, is well worthy of perusal. From the beginning, with his apt quotation from Kipling, to the end where he compares the text-book ideal of road location with the indifferent compromise amidst difficulties that the British engineer in the East is lucky to be able to achieve, I felt in accord with his observations. Having spent four years on a similar kind of work, I consider that this article well deserves the appreciation of its author's profession. 相似文献
8.
AbstractI. Introduction.—Map projection is a branch of applied mathematics which owes much to J. H. Lambert (v. this Review, i, 2, 91). In his “Beyträge zum Gebrauche der Mathematik und deren Anwendung” (Berlin, 1772) he arrived at a form of projection whereof the Transverse Mercator is a special case, and pointed out that this special case is adapted to a country of great extent in latitude but of small longitudinal width. Germain (“Traité des Projections”, Paris, 1865) described it as the Projection cylindrique orthomorphe de Lambert, but he also introduced the name Projection de Mercator transverse or renversée; he shows that Lambert's treatment of the projection was remarkably simple. 相似文献
9.
《测量评论》2013,45(12):345-346
AbstractIn the course of his stimulating and suggestive paper in your recent issue, No. ro, pp. 226–38, Mr. A. J. Potter writes on p. 233 “but there is no simple construction by which X can then be found”, and again on p. 237 “a direct construction, if there be such”. This cheerful challenge invites the construction of a circle centred on a given line, passing through a given point thereon, and touching a given circle, and I have found the lure of Mr. Potter's gauntlet as irresistible as its recovery has proved delicate. In order to shoulder responsibility and by no means to claim highly improbable originality, let me confess that the problem is new to me and the two constructions I offer are my own; I venture to hope that Mr. Potter may consider one or other of them not unworthy of his epithet “simple”, though I freely admit the aptitude of his empiric procedure to its purpose. The proofs are not long, but for fear of overshooting my welcome I offer them to anyone for the asking; and for the same reason my diagrams are small and therefore mere. 相似文献
10.
《测量评论》2013,45(7):28-32
AbstractTHE surveyor usually finds his employment to be an instrument wielded for military ends or in the furtherance of civil administrative policy and of those economic interests which are built upon security and good government. But he can often lend valuable and sometimes invaluable assistance in the framing of policy. The delimitation of interterritorial boundaries is one of the more obvious undertakings in which failure to enlist technical advice is liable to lead governments into grave and irreparable errors. The same considerations apply to the evolution of a land-settlement policy, and a moral may be pointed from a comparison of two such policies which have at different periods been adopted in the Uganda Protectorate. 相似文献
11.
《测量评论》2013,45(89):104-110
AbstractEducation at the university should in essence be concerned more with theory than technique, with principles rather than practice. Should a university lose sight of this aim it will of a certainty become a university only in name. The attention to be given to vocational training will necessarily vary from faculty to faculty—that some vocational training is deemed desirable is shown by the very presence of an engineering department in nearly all our universities, a department in which practical training is necessarily mingled with theory. It is possible to say with truth about a certain type of engineering student that he will make a good engineer if only he can get through his examinations; to make the comparable statement about, say, a mathematics student is clearly ridiculous. In other words, the engineering profession, and in particular the civil engineering profession, has room for a good practical man to whom theory does not come easily; and yet in many of our university engineering departments no allowance is made for a man's chosen career save that after his first year of general engineering work he may elect to be a civil mechanical, electrical or aeronautical engineer. Often he has no choice of subjects for study; sometimes he is given a choice of four out of five subjects, as with the external civil engineering degree of London University where his freedom of action resolves itself into a decision between Hydraulics and Mathematics. In this examination, and many others, all candidates are required to sit the same papers in a subject, irrespective of whether they are potential first-class honours men or may expect to obtain a pass degree. 相似文献
12.
《测量评论》2013,45(86):372-374
AbstractAnother form of Mr. Lauf's expression for a conformal adjustment of a system of coordinated points may be of interest. These are assumed to be already in harmony with i control points and are to be brought into agreement with j further points. (Mr. Lauf deals explicitly in his paper with the special case i = 2, j = 1, but he adumbrates a general solution.) 相似文献
13.
AbstractThe order of the constellations in the following catalogue is that of the list in Ptolemy's “Almagest, except that the modern groups in the northern hemisphere are inserted after Ptolemy's northern and before his zodiacal constellations, while the modern groups in the southern hemisphere follow the last of his list. The constellation-name in italic capitals is the Latin form in general use. It is followed by the English translation where necessary and by the French and German versions. The Greek and Arabic names, with their authorities, are then given and translated where they differ in meaning from the Latin. 相似文献
14.
《测量评论》2013,45(71):39-43
AbstractA Newcomer to Malaya visiting Cameron Highlands for the first time may probably wonder, after his car has made its tortuous ascent into the mountains, how this area became Malaya's main hill station and why it received its name. He may not know that years before the Highlands came under serious consideration and after it was obvious the development of Fraser's Hill could only be limited, Gunong Tahan, the highest mountain in the peninsula (7,186 feet) on the borders of Kelantan and Pahang, was for a long time considered as Malaya's only hope of a hill station likely to rival those of India and Ceylon. In fact, a topographical survey made by the Federated Malay States Survey Department just before and during the 1914–18 war revealed the presence there of an extensive plateau at a height of about 5,400 feet, It seemed so promising that in 1912 the Governor, Sir Arthur Young, made the ascent on foot to inspect it. However, before coming to a decision Government considered it advisable to test the climatic conditions there, and accordingly a party of observers was recruited from England for the purpose. They spent a year on Gunong Tahan between 1921 and 1922 and subsequently made a report on their observations. Opinion then became unfavourable, partly because the plateau is but imperfectly furnished with soil, partly because it is somewhat inaccessible from most of the inhabited areas of the peninsula, and partly because during too many days of the year it is liable to become enshrouded in heavy mists. The idea of immediately developing Gunong Tahang was therefore abandoned. Those who thought they saw in this mountain another Newara-Eliya or Ootacamund were naturally disappointed and soon cast around for another site to accommodate the hill station of their dreams. In this quest someone remembered or alighted upon in the archives of the Perak Public Works Department a report by an explorer named William Cameron on his journey overland about 1884 from Kinta to the mouth of the Pahang River. The late Sir Frank Swettenham, in his last book, “ Footprints in Malaya “, published by Hutchinson & Co., Ltd., London, in 1942, throws some light on Cameron and his activities about this time. He says, “ Amongst the strangers from Ceylon and India, from Shanghai, Hong-Kong, Australia and elsewhere, who strayed into Selangor was Mr. William Cameron, brother of the editor of the Straits Times, a highly respected resident of Singapore. Mr. William Cameron came to Selangor shortly after I became British Resident there, and he asked to be allowed to do something which would help in the development of the country. His culture and his quiet manner appealed to me, and I asked him what he proposed to do. He explained that he had some knowledge of minerals and geology, and he suggested that he should be given a roving commission to go, with a party of wild people whom he would collect, and explore the depths of the jungle and report the result of his search …. I engaged Mr. Cameron to do what he suggested. He made all his own arrangements, managed somehow to collect a party of aborigines, and disappeared into the jungle for weeks at a time. When he returned from these expeditions he used to come to the Residency, stay a few days, make his report and start off again. After one prolonged absence, when I became anxious about his safety, he returned very ill and had to be carried the last stage of his journey. He then reported the discovery of the high table-land on the borders of Perak and Pahang, now known as Cameron Highlands. I do not know what had upset him, unless it was the hardships he went through in those many weeks of travel up and down the jungle-covered mountains of the main range, but while he stayed with me he was subject to strange delusions, walked about the house at 3 a.m., carrying an iron bar, and two or three times in a night I had to put him back in his bed. Finally, one morning, he produced a revolver and shot at his Chinese servant, and when I went to his room and told him I had removed all his firearms because of that incident, he merely remarked: ‘Yes, but I didn't ·hit him.’ Eventually it was necessary to send him to the Singapore Hospital’ for proper care, and there he died.” 相似文献
15.
《测量评论》2013,45(58):142-152
AbstractIn January 1940, in a paper entitled “The Transverse Mercator Projection: A Critical Examination” (E.S.R., v, 35, 285), the late Captain G. T. McCaw obtained expressions for the co-ordinates of a point on the Transverse Mercator projection of the spheroid which appeared to cast suspicion on the results originally derived by Gauss. McCaw considered, in fact, that his expressions gave the true measures of the co-ordinates, and that the Gauss method contained some invalidity. He requested readers to report any flaw that might be discovered in his work, but apparently no such flaw had been detected at the time of his death. It can be shown, however, that the invalidities are in McCaw's methods, and there seems no reason for doubting the results derived by the Gauss method. 相似文献
16.
《测量评论》2013,45(17):147-152
AbstractColonel C. G. Gordon, C.B., of the Royal Engineers, later known to the world as General Gordon, had already achieved the reputation of a man of action when, in 1874, he accepted service under the Khedive Ismail as Governor-General of the Equatorial Province of the Sudan. Envoys from Gordon visited Mutesa, the King of Buganda, in 1874 (Chaillé Long) and 1875 (E. Linant de Bellefonds), but not until nearly two years after his appointment was Gordon able to lead the final advance which was planned to carry the Egyptian flag to the shores of Lake Victoria. In January, 1876, he reached Mruli on the south side of the mouth of the Kafu river into the Nile, and here he established a fort and garrison while a force was sent forward under an Egyptian (Arab) officer, Nuehr Aga, to occupy posts as far south as the Ripon Falls. Gordon returned at once towards Dufile, where his presence was required, not intending again to visit the southern portion of his province. 相似文献
17.
AbstractMr. Surveyor A walked into the Club, his first visit after a four-months' field season. He entered the lounge, sank into one of the deep luxurious leather arm-chairs and called for his“sundowner“. In a little while he was joined by several other Government officers, glad to see him after his long absence and eager to hear of his bush experiences and to cap them with stories of their own. 相似文献
18.
《测量评论》2013,45(11):268-278
AbstractColonel MacLeod has already given in this Review (vol. i, 151–6, 207–14, 253–9) an excellent general account of the activities of the Field Survey Units in the Great War, but perhaps the details of some of the problems that presented themselves and the personal experiences of a Field Survey Officer may still be of some interest. 相似文献
19.
AbstractAs a consequence of the death of the late editor, the responsibility for conducting this REVIEW now rests on other shoulders, and, in view of the high standard which Captain McCaw set at the beginning of the journal's existence and maintained, in spite of many difficulties, until the time of his death, his successor feels that a few words concerning the future of the REVIEW, and an appeal for continued co-operation on the part of readers, may not be out of place in this, the first number of a new volume. 相似文献
20.
《测量评论》2013,45(80):60-65
AbstractThe 200th anniversary of the publication by Murdoch Mackenzie (Senior) in May 1750 of his “Orcades, or a Geographic and Hydrographic Survey of the Orkney and Lewis Islands, in 8 maps”, is an opportune moment for a brief résumé of the contribution made by Mackenzie and his successors in the field of nautical surveying. The appearance of this work ushered in a new era in marine survey, for it was the first charting carried out in this country based on a rigid triangulation framework. The importance of this fact can further be appreciated when it is remembered that a contemporary topographic map like General Roys' famous “Map of the Highlands” begun in 1747 was little more than an elaborate compass sketch; thus under Mackenzie's influence, marine surveying at this period was ahead of its topographic counterpart. 相似文献