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1.
《测量评论》2013,45(70):344-351
AbstractIn 1945 I was sent down to Yambio in the southern Sudan to carry out a detailed large scale survey of an area scheduled for the headquarters of an extensive development programme known as the Zande Scheme. The area is not far from the Nile-Congo watershed and the ground is very uneven, covered by ant-hills, and clothed in tall grass and thick bush which includes trees nearly a hundred feet high. Surveys of this kind had not been executed, in the southern Sudan previously except in towns. Nearly all the available experience of cadastral survey work in the Sudan,was therefore based on the very open and flat conditions of the north, where chaining along the ground is the natural and best way of measuring distances within the accuracy required. Except for the geodetic base measurement gear there was therefore nothing in the way of catenary apparatus available, though it was obvious that this would probably be the best equipment for the conditions to be expected in the south. However I had been engaged for most of my survey career up to this time on surveys of a more exploratory nature on much smaller scales such as 1/250,000, and I was unwilling to start experimenting until I had gained some experience in large scale work. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(58):122-133
Abstract Repercussions to Failure (1883–96).—So far we have only had occasion to consider the primary fiscal objective of the abandoned cadastral survey; but during the decade devoted to it (1879–88) other public activities had been developing which were no less dependent upon detailed maps for their effective and equitable operation. Pre-eminent among these was the irrigation service. During the previous part of the century various spasmodic efforts to construct general maps of the country had produced little more than a series of conventional diagrams, on scales of I : 100,000, or 200,000, depicting the approximate positions of the main waterways and villages throughout the Delta and Valley against a blank background. But it was upon knowledge of at least the broad pattern of cultivation, waste and marsh, of surface level and incline, throughout the countryside, that the satisfactory planning and operation of the interrelated system of supply and drainage channels depended; while the only regular means of accumulating this knowledge had been the abortive survey. For crude and unreliable as its work was and useless for its intended purpose, that survey had been providing for the first time village by village in important districts an interpretable picture of these broad effects. The Irrigation Service did its best to fill the gap by setting up a survey section to prepare a “hydrographic map” of Lower Egypt to meet its own requirements. The staff were mainly drawn from the disbanded cadastral survey and the methods used are reported to have been essentially the same; but the simpler character of the work evidently fostered certain changes. As the network of property boundaries was ignored the map scale was reduced of 1 : 10,000 and the plane table became the principal instrument of detail survey; and since villages were no longer working units continuous map sheet series were adopted for each province. This accentuated the need for a common basic framework; but the defects of such triangulation as existed appear, however, to have been accepted and extended, some of the more obvious gaps being patched with traverse. So the detail must have been subjected to a good deal of Procrustean treatment. Nevertheless, supplemented where necessary by lines of levelling, the work constituted an indispensable reconnaissance series for irrigation. 相似文献
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AbstractIt is doubtless true that the cadastral surveys of the British Empire are controlled more frequently by traversing than otherwise. Accordingly, although the traverse has been the subject of several papers in recent issues of this Quarterly, its widespread use appears to entitle it to every consideration, especially since there are elements in the completed procedure on which opinions are still fluid; indeed a few of them may long continue to arouse debate. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(14):496-498
AbstractIn the Empire Survey Review for April 1934 (No. 12, pp. 382–4), the Editor has raised the question of the function of the cadastral map. As he remarks, the question is not simple, but it is easier to say what the function of the map is than to decide of what the map should consist in order that it may fulfil its function. Broadly speaking we may state that the function of the map is to record the boundaries of landed property in such a manner as not only to afford a pictorial representation but also to supply data for the identification of these boundaries on the ground when occasion requires. Apart from this the map should show the areas of properties, as this information may be required for taxation purposes. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(60):202-210
AbstractOwing to delays at this end in the preparation of the paper on “The direct use of vertical photographs in Zanzibar for cadastral purposes”, for which apology is due to Mr. Chambers as well as to readers, its publication has been regretfully deferred. We are using the opportunity to publish the Bibliography which could not conveniently appear with our opening paper last April, and to accompany this with an outline of some early and feudal developments in land records which we hope may help to interest a wider circle of land surveyors in this feature of cadastral work. For experience in many countries has impressed on us that the effective record of rights and duties pertaining to land, particularly in parts of the world less stably patterned agriculturally and more closely divided than England, has suffered grievously from a divorce between the legal and the technical aspects of cadastral record and between its operation and effects as sought on parchment in legislatures and the administrative offices of governments and as realized in daily practice by landholders and cultivators on the ground itself. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(56):42-52
AbstractOn the occasion of the Empire Survey Conference in 1931 we had the privilege of arranging at the Science Museum an Exhibition of Cadastral Maps and Land Records which had been somewhat hurriedly collected from the United Kingdom, the Dominions, India, eleven Colonies and Protectorates, three Mandated Territories and six foreign countries. As there is some vagueness in the application in English of the French word cadastre, it may be advisable before proceeding to say that while in Europe this word, with its German and Italian equivalents, originally applied to a record of landed property (biens fonds) compiled for fiscal purposes and is commonly still so defined in standard dictionaries, we have throughout used it in the wider sense it has gradually been assuming generally of any analogous record concerned with subdivisions of land occasioned by human use, whether the purpose to be primarily served is fiscal, juridical, economic or otherwise. Cadastral survey is the process by which the parcels of land dealt with are defined, and can be located again at need. The noun, which is rarely mentioned in English, was from the earliest days applied to the whole conspectus of the record: registers, maps, supporting documents, etc. We use the term land record loosely, and somewhat unsatisfactorily, in this comprehensive sense because the more convenient and exact one-cadastral record-has not so far found a place in British practice with its associates: cadastral maps and cadastral survey. 相似文献
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AbstractCadastral Traversing.—For cadastral purposes traverses are now being executed with an accuracy wholly unnecessary for even large topographical scales. But since “accuracy” varies from a mile to a micron, according to the viewpoint of the observer, it is advisable to exhibit a cadastral traverse, care being taken that it is not an example of that not very uncommon occurrence in which fortuity apes precIsIon. If the accuracy of the example is somewhat unusual, it can be said with assurance that it is not very unusual. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(27):281-290
AbstractPhotogrammetry, terrestrial and particularly aerial, with which the following will exclusively deal, is at the present time employed practically throughout the world for the preparation of maps to every scale. While at the time of the introduction of the system its use was limited to topographical maps, it has been extended in the last fifteen years to the production of cadastral maps. In spite of the conservative. attitude of the cadastral authorities of every country to all innovations, this method has been accepted more and more by such authorities. After the excellent pioneer work of Switzerland, which in the course of time is to produce cadastral maps of half the country (2,000,000 ha.) by means of photogrammetry, Germany, Holland, France, Italy, Spain, and other countries have followed this example, the method being employed in these countries in an ever-increasing degree for cadastral measurement. Although the decision for the use of the photogrammetric method for cadastral measurement has been made in some degree in Europe, the large Colonies, especially those of the British Empire, are still hesitant in this connexion. Investigations which follow hereunder have been made in order to ascertain how far this new method of measurement is useful for Colonial cadastral measurement. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(93):311-316
AbstractThe advantages of subtense measurements with a horizontal base are well known, but this method has not yet gained much popularity witH the ordinary surveyor and an acknowledgment of, its usefulness in cadastral and engineering surveys has not yet found a proper place. Everyone knows the difficulties of direct chaining in hilly and rough country or in industrial and mining districts where numerous obstructions are usually encountered and where reliable accuracy throughout the area under survey would be difficult to maintain. Adoption of the subtense bar in such circumstances is the best answer to the problem, and the establishment of control points by this method assures economy and reliability. The subtense bar is easy and direct in use and the precision of the results obtained are comparable with precise chaining. The use of an invar bar or a steel tubular bar is essential in precise traversing with an accuracy of 1/10,000 or greater, but for ordinary control. traverses with an accuracy up to 1/5,000 the wooden bar may be sufficient. 相似文献
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Behnam Atazadeh Leila Halalkhor Mirkalaei Hamed Olfat Abbas Rajabifard Davood Shojaei 《地球空间信息科学学报》2021,24(3):387-402
Cadastral surveying plays an important role in defining legal boundaries of land and property. The current practice for recording cadastral survey data mainly relies on 2D digital or analog documents. This practice is efficient for simple land parcels but can be challenged in complex building developments. To address the issues stemmed from 2D methods of representing cadastral survey data, 3D spatial information models can be considered as a viable solution for managing cadastral survey data. Building Information Modeling (BIM) enables colsslaborative 3D management of the design, construction, and operation of buildings. There have been extensive studies conducted to investigate the connectivity between BIM and 3D cadaster. Most of these studies focus on managing legal information, such as ownership boundaries and attributes, in BIM-based environments. However, there is limited investigation on how survey- ing measurements can be mapped into BIM. In this study, the proposed method for integrating the cadastral survey data into the BIM environment includes identifying cadastral survey requirements, using BIM entities relevant to cadastral survey data, enrichment of a BIM proto- type, and evaluation of the prototype. The major contribution of this study is to demonstrate the storage of cadastral survey data such as survey marks and traverse lines in the BIM environment. Therefore, this research contributes to the further enrichment of BIM with incorporating data elements related to cadastral surveying practices. It is confirmed that current BIM-based tools provide restricted capabilities for explicit management and visualiza- tion of cadastral survey data. This limitation can be addressed in the future enhancements of BIM in terms of supporting important elements for cadastral survey data. 相似文献
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不动产地籍测量是一项基础性的测绘工作,地籍测量技术与方法的良性发展不仅能够最大限度地提升我国土地利用率,还能为获取高精度的空间数据提供高效便捷的手段。针对传统全站仪与GPS RTK组合地籍测量作业效率低、人力财力耗费大的缺点,本文依托陕南某地的地籍和不动产权籍调查项目,提出了一种地面三维激光扫描技术和倾斜摄影测量技术相结合的混合作业新方案。两种技术的融合大大提高了工作效率及数据采集精度,数据获取速度是传统作业速度4倍以上,界址点误差小于3 cm,满足对复杂空间权利的不动产权籍管理和登记需求。 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(18):248-250
AbstractGeneral.— The year 1934 has seen on the survey side an active continuation of trig. and cadastral surveys and on the land side standardization of procedure and routine. Good progress has been made in both branches. The surplus of revenue over expenditure, noted last year for almost the first time, has been very considerably increased, being of the order of eighty-two thousand dollars. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(95):2-7
Abstract1. In the Sudan, as in Egypt, the greater part of the detailed survey control required for the cadastral mapping of the cultivated land beside the Nile has been in the form of traverse. This land is very flat and partly covered by crops at all times of the year, so that normal triangulation presents many difficulties, while there are many roads and canal banks which form natural routes for traverse. Nevertheless, the traversing is often slow because of the difficulty of carrying accurate measurements and lines of sight across ground made uneven by subsidiary irrigation canals, and in many cases encumbered by houses and date palms or other trees. Moreover a certain amount of triangulation is necessary to tie the surveys of the two banks together and to connect islands to the banks. 相似文献
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《测量评论》2013,45(96):65-70
AbstractThe measurement of the temperature of a measuring band or bar has always been a major problem. A considerable a.mount of experimentation has been done on the morepreciseaspects of survey measurement, and attempts, ranging from packing measuring bars in ice to bimetallic apparatus, made to reduce temperature errors. At the present time electro-resistance thermometers are being used and an entire new field is being investigated using various waves for distance measurement. For at least some time in the future, however, these new techniques will not be sufficiently developed to be of practical or economic use to the cadastral surveyor. Nevertheless very much less interest is taken in what may be termed “bread and butter” procedures. 相似文献
17.
《测量评论》2013,45(11):303-305
AbstractThe general organization remained the same as during the last few years, but owing to the reduction last year by 32 per cent. of the European and by 8 per cent. of the African-personnel the output of cadastral and topographical work was considerably lower. Against this, however, there have been increased activity and larger output from the drawing and lithographic sections. 相似文献
18.
Johannes H. Uhl Hamidreza Zoraghein Stefan Leyk Deborah Balk Christina Corbane Vasileios Syrris 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(1):22-44
ABSTRACTThere is an increasing availability of geospatial data describing patterns of human settlement and population such as various global remote-sensing based built-up land layers, fine-grained census-based population estimates, and publicly available cadastral and building footprint data. This development constitutes new integrative modeling opportunities to characterize the continuum of urban, peri-urban, and rural settlements and populations. However, little research has been done regarding the agreement between such data products in measuring human presence which is measured by different proxy variables (i.e. presence of built-up structures derived from different remote sensors, census-derived population counts, or cadastral land parcels). In this work, we quantitatively evaluate and cross-compare the ability of such data to model the urban continuum, using a unique, integrated validation database of cadastral and building footprint data, U.S. census data, and three different versions of the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) derived from remotely sensed data. We identify advantages and shortcomings of these data types across different geographic settings in the U.S., which will inform future data users on implications of data accuracy and suitability for a given application, even in data-poor regions of the world. 相似文献
19.
本文根据村庄地籍调查及数据建库的特点,通过分析影响村庄地籍调查及数据建库生产进度的各个因素,探讨多种有效的方法确保村庄地籍调查及数据建库能高效生产并保证成果质量,对全面、高效的推进第二次全国土地调查村庄地籍调查部分具有指导意义。 相似文献
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