共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
《测量评论》2013,45(12):322-328
Abstract The Ordnance Survey after the War.—I might class the four years after the War, during which I remained at the head of the Ordnance Survey, as interesting but troublesome. As is well known, an entirely unreasonable impression was spread about that, now that the War was over, there would be a period of great prosperity, and that we should all live like fighting cocks. Well, things did not work out like that. There was a Select Committee on National Expenditure (1918), and this Committee recommended a lengthening of the period of revision of the large-scale maps of the United Kingdom and a consequent, ultimate, reduction of establishment by 500 men. The Treasury later on insisted on a reduction by 600, including Ireland. 相似文献
2.
《测量评论》2013,45(25):153-156
AbstractIn a previous Article (Empire Survey Review, ii, II) I described a simple graphical method for the elimination of latitude error in observations for azimuth. It was pointed out that the ideal method of adjustment of azimuths would be a simultaneous elimination of both latitude and refraction errors and, with that in view, a purely theoretical method of such an adjustment was demonstrated in the last paragraph of the article. It has now occurred to me that a fairly simple mathematical solution is possible. 相似文献
3.
《测量评论》2013,45(13):386-391
Abstract The International Population Union.—In 1927, as President of the Geographical Association, it was my duty to deliver an address to the Association. I chose as my subject “Population and Migration” with special reference to the English-speaking peoples. One result of the publication of this in Geography, the journal of the Association, was that I was invited to attend the World Population Conference, which was held at Geneva in August-September 1927. The Conference was a very interesting affair. It was organized, and largely paid for, by Mrs. Margaret Sanger. About twenty-four countries were represented. The late Sir Bernard Mallet presided, and in one of his speeches, winding up the Conference, he truly said that we might “congratulate ourselves on having shown the world that population questions, which bristle with controversy, political, moral, and religious, can be discussed by sensible people without animosity or unseemly wrangling”. 相似文献
4.
《测量评论》2013,45(28):334-338
AbstractI Hope Dr Wolff's interesting article will stimulate to action some of those who have not given sufficient attention to air survey as a method of mapping or planning those areas which lend themselves to that method. At the same time, whether so many of us are as conservative as the author appears to think is a matter for doubt, and moreover we do not all look upon air survey as an “innovation”. As Dr Wolff writes from Palestine he might be interested to know that as the second British Officer to take up field survey work in the War in 1915—Major (now Brigadier) Winterbotham being the first—I was one of the earliest in my profession to study, and to assist in the development of, air survey. In 1915 our unit in the 3rd Army was the first to make use of air photographs for the production of a regular series of trench maps. There are consequently few surveyors more interested in the method. I have watched the progress of the science and the work of the Air Survey Committee with continued interest and have used air methods whenever these have been possible or suitable. On my last visit to Paris I tried my hand at plotting with a new instrument at the Service Géographique and was much impressed by the work that was being done. 相似文献
5.
《测量评论》2013,45(58):142-152
AbstractIn January 1940, in a paper entitled “The Transverse Mercator Projection: A Critical Examination” (E.S.R., v, 35, 285), the late Captain G. T. McCaw obtained expressions for the co-ordinates of a point on the Transverse Mercator projection of the spheroid which appeared to cast suspicion on the results originally derived by Gauss. McCaw considered, in fact, that his expressions gave the true measures of the co-ordinates, and that the Gauss method contained some invalidity. He requested readers to report any flaw that might be discovered in his work, but apparently no such flaw had been detected at the time of his death. It can be shown, however, that the invalidities are in McCaw's methods, and there seems no reason for doubting the results derived by the Gauss method. 相似文献
6.
《测量评论》2013,45(50):162-164
AbstractWhen I took over the command of a West Africa Brigade Group in 1939, I found that one of the units in the brigade was a survey section, and, in the course of training this brigade, I was rather concerned as to how this survey unit would or should be used. It was a small unit consisting of three officers (Europeans) and approximately 50 African other ranks, all belonging to the local Government Survey Department. I knew that it could map any particular piece of country, or could lay outbuilding sites, ranges, etc., but, beyond this, and normal military training, I am afraid that I could think of no other ways of using it. I knew also that, when the brigade was trained, we were to move to another part of Africa and that operations were likely to take place over country which was mostly unmapped. This, then, would be the opportunity for the survey section. At the same time, the size of the country we were likely to operate in was so enormous that my little survey unit would be swamped and quite unable to produce operational maps in time for me to use them. In due course we arrived on the scene of operations. My survey section was taken away from me and merged with other sections in a survey company. This company commenced to map parts of the country in which it was considered likely fighting might take place. This was exactly what I had anticipated, although I still considered that even this bigger unit was much too small for the huge job it had to do. 相似文献
7.
《测量评论》2013,45(20):343-346
AbstractA GOOD deal of astronomical work was called for during the operations of the British Somaliland–Ethiopia Boundary Commission. The method employed by the British Section for the determination of local time being that of star altitudes in the prime vertical, after the first few stations had been occupied the suggestion was made that the observer could be saved considerable strain by the preparation of a programme for time observations, much on the same lines as for latitudes. The proposal was tried, proved eminently successful, and became a standard part of the British Section's procedure. An example of such a programme is given below. I t is a little laborious, but simple. 相似文献
8.
《测量评论》2013,45(18):236-241
AbstractI. Introduction.-For some little time the Ordnance Survey was engaged upon the problem of transforming the rectangular coordinates of trigonometrical stations from the Cassini projection to the Gauss Conformal projection. The problem was complicated by the fact that the Cassini projection, as is well known, was applied to a number of meridians of origin, a different meridian being used for a county or a group of counties. It was proposed, however, to have only one meridian for the Gauss projection and to drop the county meridians completely. In both projections the northings were measured from the same parallel. 相似文献
9.
David E. Pitts Michael R. Helfert Kamlesh P. Lulla Mary Fae McKay Victor S. Whitehead David L. Amsbury 《国际地球制图》2013,28(4):69-80
Abstract The impact of animals upon the landscape, through such actions as trampling, feeding, burrowing, mounding, and dam building, is a topic of interest in university geography classrooms. However, the relatively fine‐scale nature of most such impacts precludes its examination via remote sensing. Nevertheless, remote sensing of many types of animal impact is possible, and in this paper I illustrate several such examples, primarily drawn from free‐access sites on the World Wide Web, using a variety of remote sensing platforms. Instructors of physical geography or resource/land use management courses can thus introduce a variety of remote sensing concepts and imagery types in their classrooms while at the same time examining the role of animals on the landscape. 相似文献
10.
《测量评论》2013,45(12):330-335
AbstractI. These notes are the results of following up in some detail the well-known fact that the horizontal distance between two points at altitude h is greater, by an amount proportional to h, than the distance between the corresponding points at sea-level. Traverses based on rectangular coordinates are considered, with special reference to the residual errors left after adjusting the misclosures of such traverses without first eliminating errors due to altitude. 相似文献
11.
《测量评论》2013,45(9):163-166
AbstractThe survey of Sierra Leone was fortunate enough to be completed just in time before the economic blizzard (if I may be permitted a well-worn journalistic cliché) descended on West Africa in common with the rest of the world and largely curtailed such activities. I do not propose to deal here with its technical side to any great extent. An excellent account of bush surveying is to be found in the “Handbook of the Southern Nigerian Survey”, which account always filled me with the greatest awe and respect for the men working there, their output being vastly greater than anything we were able to achieve in Sierra Leone. Truly “there were giants … in those days”. 相似文献
12.
《测量评论》2013,45(9):151-156
AbstractMr. Clendinning's article on “Signal Lamps” (E.S.R., vol. ii, pp. 15–18) raises a point of major importance in geodetic triangulation. I entirely agree with him that the sole use of heliographs—heliostats to the purist—is in most parts of the world out of date. I also think, and indeed am prepared to state categorically, that the use of acetylene lamps is out of date and was out of date many years ago. The Americans, who are always worth listening to on the economics of surveys, would not otherwise have replaced all their acetylene gear by electric beacons. The answer, in my experience, and for reasons which I shall endeavour to make clear, is generally, but not necessarily always, to provide both helio and electric lighting; but first I should like to summarize the conditions in which luminous signals should be used at all. 相似文献
13.
14.
《测量评论》2013,45(99):220-228
AbstractDuring the winter of 1952–53 I was engaged in the work of a large scale survey of a small area at the point where the Blue Nile or Great Abbai flows out of Lake Tana in Ethiopia for Messrs. J. Seymour Harris and Partners who were reporting to H.I.M. Government of Ethiopia on the suitability of the area as the site of a proposed new town. In view of the uncertainty attaching to the various heights attributed to the lake it was considered desirable to attempt a fresh determination, although this aspect had little priority in its claims on the time of the survey party. Although, in the outcome, all that was possible was a conventional reduction of a series of aneroid readings, the subject may possess some general interest. 相似文献
15.
《测量评论》2013,45(7):2-6
AbstractOn returning from Central Africa I was posted, for ordinary duty, to Edinburgh, and after a short time I found myself again on the Ordnance Survey. Late in 1899 the South African War broke out, and early in 1900 I was sent out to South Africa in command of a very small Field Survey Section. But before describing the limited activities of this Section it may be as well to give some idea of the attitude of the higher civil and financial authorities towards the proposition that it is desirable to be prepared with maps of possible theatres of war. 相似文献
16.
《测量评论》2013,45(88):57-64
AbstractThe article that follows is a collection of notes on various aspects of computing, some of them rather elementary, which it is thought might be of interest to some surveyors. Most land surveyors spend quite a lot of time computing and many become expert at it, but even so they rarely reach the stage when they cannot usefully pick up hints from professional computers. It is therefore hoped that it may be useful to collect a number of points which the writer sometimes found helpful to surveyors during the time when he was doing arithmetic for a living. 相似文献
17.
《测量评论》2013,45(74):162-174
AbstractThe comprehensive paper on the suspension of tapes by M. Hotine in the January, 1939, issue of the Empire Survey Review (v, 31, 2) did not contain any reference to this question, as was pointed out by A. J. Morley in a letter published on page 261 in the same volume (v, 34, 261). A brief analysis has been made by F. Yates of the theoretical effects of pulley eccentricity and misalignment (“Gold Coast Survey Department Records” VoL III, 1931, page 43) but I have not seen any further reference to the subject and have recently experienced the effects of such a defect in our own apparatus, so the followingnotes nlay be of interest. Before proceeding to details I will describe briefly those parts of the apparatus which are considered here and give a short summary of the whole paper. 相似文献
18.
《测量评论》2013,45(70):344-351
AbstractIn 1945 I was sent down to Yambio in the southern Sudan to carry out a detailed large scale survey of an area scheduled for the headquarters of an extensive development programme known as the Zande Scheme. The area is not far from the Nile-Congo watershed and the ground is very uneven, covered by ant-hills, and clothed in tall grass and thick bush which includes trees nearly a hundred feet high. Surveys of this kind had not been executed, in the southern Sudan previously except in towns. Nearly all the available experience of cadastral survey work in the Sudan,was therefore based on the very open and flat conditions of the north, where chaining along the ground is the natural and best way of measuring distances within the accuracy required. Except for the geodetic base measurement gear there was therefore nothing in the way of catenary apparatus available, though it was obvious that this would probably be the best equipment for the conditions to be expected in the south. However I had been engaged for most of my survey career up to this time on surveys of a more exploratory nature on much smaller scales such as 1/250,000, and I was unwilling to start experimenting until I had gained some experience in large scale work. 相似文献
19.
Takashi Morita 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):140-151
ABSTRACTBertin’s first book, Semiology of Graphics, was published in 1967. His second book, Graphics and Graphic Information Processing, was subsequently published in 1977. The word “processing” in the title of the second book is interesting because in those days there were no personal computers with an interactive display system. But in Bertin’s laboratory there were many kinds of tool kits – basically manually developed thematic maps and data analysis. Bertin’s methods were concerned with making a thematic map and data visualization. Maps, and more generally graphics, were represented by sets of cartographic symbols. Thus, they are abstractions that demand both theoretical and technical literacy to represent and understand them. If the representation is systematic, a sort of tool kit might be necessary, because the representation demands consistency based on the theory. Otherwise a cartographer faces the risk of an unstable and unintelligible representation. In this paper, we discuss the discrimination between tool kits intended either for an automated system or a process assisting system. The latter process might be useful and necessary to develop a graphic way of thinking. This investigation refers to Bertin’s books, materials conserved at the National Archives in Paris, and other related software developed later.Abbreviation: EHESS: Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales inherited Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes since 1975 相似文献
20.
AbstractI. IN a Report which appeared in the Empire Survey Review, vol. i, no. 5, a short account was given on pp. 227-8 of the tidal observations which had been taken in Ceylon up to that time, with special reference to the selection of a datum for the geodetic levelling of the Island. The automatic tide-gauges at Colombo and Trincomalee were maintained in action till January 1934, giving five years of simultaneous continuous records of sea-level. The resul ts of an analysis of these observations may be of interest to readers. Where necessary, statements and figures appearing in the Report mentioned above will be repeated here, to make this account complete in itself and to avoid troublesome cross- reference. 相似文献