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镍、铜对矿业废弃地先锋植物盐生草和骆驼蓬抗氧化物质和渗透调节物质积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以盐生草(Halogeton glomeratus)和骆驼蓬(Peganum harmala)幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验研究土壤中不同浓度(0、50、100、200、400 mg·kg-1)镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)处理对盐生草和骆驼蓬幼苗过氧化氢(H2O2)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、维生素E(VE)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的影响。结果表明,盐生草和骆驼蓬叶片及根部过氧化氢(H2O2)含量随介质中Ni和Cu浓度的增加而增加。Ni胁迫下盐生草叶片中GSH含量随Ni浓度增加呈增加趋势,根部VE含量在高浓度Ni(≥100 mg·kg-1)胁迫下显著积累;Cu胁迫下盐生草叶片和根部GSH、ASA和VE含量较对照显著积累,三者协同作用缓解Cu胁迫诱导的氧化损伤。Ni胁迫下骆驼蓬叶片GSH和ASA含量、根部ASA含量较对照显著增加;Cu胁迫下骆驼蓬叶片中GSH和ASA含量随Cu浓度增加呈上升趋势,根部ASA含量较对照显著增加,VE在100 mg·kg-1和200 mg·kg-1的Cu处理下较对照显著增加。Ni和Cu胁迫使得盐生草和骆驼蓬幼苗脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量较对照显著积累。 相似文献
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1961-2010年武威市气温日较差变化趋势及影响因子分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1961-2010年武威市5个气象站逐日地面最高气温、最低气温及年平均气温、日照时数、蒸发量、降水量、相对湿度、平均风速等观测资料,运用趋势系数法系统分析了该区域近50年气温日较差的时空分布及强度特征,采用多元线性回归中的标准化回归系数分析了影响气温日较差的气象因子。结果表明：受天气系统、地形地貌以及海拔等影响,武威市气温日较差低海拔地区大于高海拔地区。各地年、年代气温日较差总体呈减小趋势,民勤县、古浪县的减小趋势尤为显著,年平均气温日较差的时间序列存在着6～8年的准周期变化;各季节气温日较差变化趋势不太一致,总体上呈减小趋势;月气温日较差变化也存在差异,除天祝藏族自治县外,3月和9月为两个低谷,4-6月和10月为两个高峰。年气温日较差极大值和极小值均呈减小趋势。年最高、最低气温均呈升高趋势,年气温日较差与年最高、最低气温呈相反的变化趋势,最低气温的快速升高和最高气温的缓慢升高是气温日较差减小的直接原因,最低气温显著升高的季节气温日较差的减小趋势更大。影响武威市气温日较差的主要因子是蒸发量、平均气温、平均风速、日照时数,关联性最强的是蒸发量,其次是平均气温,其中气温日较差与日照时数、蒸发量、相对湿度以及平均风速呈正相关,与平均气温和降水量呈负相关。影响各地气温日较差的主要因子有所不同。 相似文献
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This paper analyzes the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in Lhasa City of Tibet using meteorological observations, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) data obtained from Earth Observing System/Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (EOS/MODIS) information, and correlation and composite analyses. The results show: (1) Areas with high temperature are primarily located in the center of the city or nearby counties, while low temperature areas are in the suburbs of counties. The area with high temperature has expanded in recent years and some high-temperature centers have even migrated to certain other regions. (2) The UHI intensity tends to be stronger both in annual and seasonal variations, especially in winter. Also, LST is somewhat positively related to mean air temperature. (3) A negative correlation exists between the changes of LST and NDVI with the increase of vegetation from urban to rural areas in different seasons. (4) The UHI intensity is negatively correlated with precipitation while positively correlated with wind speed, and the relation between the UHI intensity and evaporation varies with the seasons, namely, the intensity is positively correlated with summer evaporation but negatively correlated with winter evaporation. (5) UHI intensity might be enhanced by intensified urbanization, wherein built-up areas expand, there is increased heat from human activity, and there is more artificial heat input to the atmosphere. 相似文献
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On the basis of the summer daily-precipitation meteorological data collected from weather stations across Northwest China from 1957 to 2016, this study evaluated the trends in 12-daily precipitation indices in the summer season and their relations with air temperature. Precipitation-event intensity, which was averaged over the total study area, increased in recent decades although the total precipitation continuously decreased. In particular, intensity generally decreased in the northern and eastern parts and increased in the southern and western parts of the study area. None of the 12 precipitation indices was significantly correlated with temperature in Xinjiang; R95 N(number of events with precipitation greater than the long-term95 th percentile), RX1 day(greatest 1-day total precipitation), PI(simple daily intensity), and R10(number of heavy-precipitation days) were significantly and positively correlated with temperature in Qinghai–Gansu. However, low correlation coefficients were observed. In the Loess Plateau, P(total precipitation), WS(maximum number of consecutive wet days),R95 N, and WD(number of wet days) were significantly and negatively correlated with temperature, whereas Gini(gini concentration index) and DS(maximum number of consecutive dry days) were significantly and positively correlated with temperature. Results of the study suggested that climate shift was evident in terms of daily precipitation, and the study area faced new challenges involving precipitation-event intensity increasing in the southwestern part and unevenly dispersing in the northwest. 相似文献
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为研究中国流感发病率的时空分布规律及区域地理环境因素对流感发病的影响,通过统计分析得到中国流感发病的时间规律以及运用空间自相关分析法得到中国流感发病的空间分布特点;应用地理探测器模型、Spearman相关分析得到与流感发病相关的区域地理环境因素;根据各区域地理环境因素和流感发病率所构建的GWR模型,得到局部回归系数在中国范围内的分布特征。结果显示：以12月、1月为代表的冬季和以3月为代表的春季在同年表现出流感高发的特征。夏季流感高发的地区集中在华南、华中地区,冬季则集中在华北、西北地区。降水量对流感的发病率影响呈现出较为明显的区域特征。中国的高纬度地区,平均气温与流感的发病率呈现负相关;低纬度地区,呈现正相关。日照时数对流感发病的影响在总体上表现为负相关。平均相对湿度与流感发病率的关系在中国的西北部地区表现为明显的负相关,而在东南部地区表现为明显正相关。 相似文献
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旱雀麦(Bromus tectorum)原产于欧亚大陆,18世纪传入北美,并成为该地区的入侵植物。然而,同为雀麦属的扁穗雀麦(Bromus catharticus)和无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)并不具有旱雀麦的入侵性。本研究设置高温、低温和黑暗等处理,探讨温度和光照对3种植物种子萌发的影响,旨在从种子萌发的角度揭示旱雀麦的入侵性。结果表明：温度和光照对旱雀麦和扁穗雀麦种子的发芽率均无明显影响(p>0.05);高温和黑暗处理显著提高了无芒雀麦种子的发芽率(p<0.05),对旱雀麦、扁穗雀麦和无芒雀麦种子的发芽势、发芽指数、日均发芽率、发芽系数、发芽峰值和发芽值有一定的促进作用,而低温处理则表现出相反的效应;高温和黑暗处理对3种植物种子的平均发芽天数和萌发持续时间有一定降低的作用,而低温处理则表现出相反的效应。同一处理下旱雀麦种子萌发各项指标均优于另两种植物,这可能是旱雀麦具有较强入侵性的重要原因。 相似文献
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为探究不同类型建成区能源消耗与城市热环境特征的关系,本文利用中尺度天气预报模式(Weather Research & Forecasting,WRF)对2010年7月2日-7月6日发生在广州地区的一次高温热浪过程进行数值模拟试验,定量分析了逐日平均气温及逐日气温日较差对人为热排放的时空敏感性。结果表明：①WRF模型能够较好地实现2010年7月2日-7月6日高温热浪期间气温的模拟,模拟结果与气象观测结果的相关系数均大于0.80,均方根误差均小于2.27;②逐日平均气温空间分布特征为：高密度住宅区>商业区>低密度住宅区;逐日气温日较差空间分布特征为：低密度住宅区>高密度住宅区>商业区;③人为热排放使得3种类型建成区平均气温升高,且人为热的增温效应与高密度住宅区、低密度住宅区及商业区的建筑密度的空间关联度分别为0.17、0.13和0.16;④人为热排放使得三种类型建成区的气温日较差降低,且气温日较差减少程度与高密度住宅区、低密度住宅区及商业区建筑密度的空间关联度分别为0.14、0.15及0.19;⑤当人为热排放为正常排放的两倍时,人为热的增温效应、人为热对气温日较差的减小作用与不同类型建成区的建筑密度空间关联度均有增强趋势。 相似文献
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岷江上游气候立体分布特征 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
通过对岷江上游的气候要素的时空间分布特征进行分析,得出:岷江上游的气候干、雨季分明;气温与海拔高度的相关关系为2 500 m以下呈现负相关,而2 500 m以上呈现正相关;降水随高度增加呈增加趋势;而农田蒸散量和干燥度均与海拔高度呈负相关关系。高海拔地区凉爽而湿润,其限制因子主要是热量;而中低海拔地区温暖而干旱,主要限制因子是水分。通过回归分析,得出了岷江上游主要气象要素与海拔高度的关系。认为在岷江上游地区,开展生态恢复,应具体分析光热水状况,在不同海拔地区,针对不同的气候条件,采用相应的植物来进行生态恢复,以取得良好的生态和经济效应。 相似文献
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通过LI-8100土壤碳通量测定仪对中亚热带山区不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸进行测定与分析．结果表明,不同土地利用方式土壤温度变化趋势较为一致,峰值出现在16：00,但坡耕地均出现在14：00;不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化趋势大致呈单峰变化,呼吸速率在12：00—16：00之间达到一天的最大值,而在6：00达到最小值,但杉木林与木荷林土壤呼吸速率在夏季呈现出不规则的多峰变化,不同季节呼吸速率最大值出现的时间不同;杉木林与木荷林不同季节的土壤呼吸速率的目变化幅度较小,果园的最大;土壤呼吸速率的均值大小顺序为：经济林〉木荷林〉坡耕地〉杉木林〉果园,但不同土地利用方式间土壤呼吸速率差异不显著（P〉0．05）．不同土地利用方式土壤呼吸Q10值的季节变化中,杉木、木荷2种人工林用地冬季Q10值最大,最小值分别出现在夏季与秋季,而坡耕地、经济林与果园3种土地利用方式以春季的Q10值最大,秋季最小;Q10值随土壤碳质量的降低而增大． 相似文献
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中国草原区植被变化及其对气候变化的响应 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
利用1982~2006年GIMMS NDVI和气象数据,探究中国草原区植被变化及对气候的响应。结果表明,近25 a中国草原区植被覆盖总体呈上升趋势,但季节变化空间差异明显。春季温度对温带典型草原、高寒草甸草原和高寒典型草原植被生长有重要影响,而夏季和秋季温度同样对高寒草甸草原影响显著;夏季降水增多能明显促进夏季温带荒漠草原植被生长。除8月份以外,温带草原5~9月NDVI均与前一个月降水显著正相关;在生长季内,高寒草原NDVI与同期温度显著正相关,但8月份除外。此外高寒草原植被在生长最旺盛时期对降水变化存在1~3个月滞后期。 相似文献
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黑河流域植被水分利用效率时空变化特征及其与气候因子的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）产品总初级生产力（GPP）、蒸散发（ET）及气象数据估算了黑河流域植被水分利用效率（WUE）,分析了WUE的时空变化及与气候因子的相关性。结果表明：2005-2014年黑河流域单位面积上多年平均GPP为314.44 gC·m-2,ET为363.35 mm,多年平均植被WUE为1.15 gC·mm-1H2O·m-2;黑河流域WUE总体呈由南向北递增的空间分布格局,年内呈现单峰型结构,WUE高值区分布在酒泉-临泽东西线上及额济纳斯荒漠河岸林地带,托勒的东南部地区为WUE低值区;黑河流域生态系统WUE具有明显的季节变化规律,表现为夏季 > 春季 > 秋季 > 冬季的特征,夏季为1.32 gC·mm-1H2O·m-2,冬季为0.75 gC·mm-1H2O·m-2;水分利用效率年均分布与倾向率的增加具有一定的对应关系,莺落峡、民乐一带是WUE的高值区也是整个流域倾向率快速增长区,在WUE稳定性方面,中下游绿洲区变化最为显著,上游高海拔区、中下游戈壁区变化不显著;WUE与年降水量、年平均气温以负相关为主,其中降水是影响植被WUE的主要因素,正相关的区域分布在山丹县、民乐县东部、肃南裕固族自治县南部湖泊区域,而气温只在下游绿洲区呈正相关。 相似文献
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V. F. Loginov 《Geography and Natural Resources》2014,35(1):7-17
This paper is concerned with some debatable issues related to assessments of the role played by greenhouse gases and aerosols in the formation of seasonal patterns of temperature change in the northern and southern hemispheres as well as of air temperature across the territory of Belarus. It is shown that the periods of low aerosol pollution of the atmosphere coincide with high summer temperatures in the region. A warming period of the 1930s–early 1940s in the northern hemisphere (in the Arctic) was also observed during a warm season. In recent years when aerosol pollution has decreased, the growth rate of summer temperatures has increased; the temperature rise during a cold period became comparable to that observed during a warm period. In terms of the theory of greenhouse warming of the climate system, however, the temperature rise must be more pronounced in a cold season. Over the last 15–16 years, global temperature, remaining the highest for the period of instrumental observations, has not been increasing, whereas carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere has increased by more than 30%. A detailed study is made of the consequences of the forecasted climate warming in climate-dependent sectors of the economy. It is concluded that there is a need to work out multivariant adaptation measures in view of the uncertainty of existing knowledge regarding the causes for climate change, and because of the large spread in scenario-based assessments of future climate changes. 相似文献
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In seasonally frozen regions, the frost-heave properties of soil play a significant role in its upper-structure performance and durability. To investigate the frost-heave behaviors of saturated, compacted silty clay soil widely used as subgrade material, a series of one-side freezing tests was carried out; and the freezing depth and frozen front effected by the compactness, temperature, overburden pressure, and water-supply condition were analyzed and discussed. The results show that the moving speed of the frozen front and growth rate of the frozen depth are positively correlated. The frost heave is maximum in the frost-heave stability condition. The frost ratio of saturated soil is proportional to the water supply and cooling temperature under a one-side freezing condition. The frost ratio of saturated soil is inversely proportional to the initial compactness of the soil specimen and the overburden pressure. 相似文献
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全球变暖背景下的南极地区气候变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南极地区气温冬季,春季和秋季都有上升趋势,而夏季则有下降趋势,年平均气温也趋上升,气温上升趋势最强烈的是冬季,其次是春季;降水各季和全年都有增加趋势。在年际尺度上,年均气温和降水与南极涛动指数是负相关,南极极涛动对不同区域影响的方向和程度也有区别。 相似文献
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The effects of dry summer ambient temperature on some physiological and productive responses were studied in an exotic European breed (Holstein–Friesian) and a local zebu breed (Butana ecotype) of cattle in Sudan. Rectal temperature and respiration rate were positively correlated, and dry matter intake and milk yield were negatively correlated with variation in ambient temperature. However, significant adverse effects on high ambient temperature were only observed in the exotic breed. 相似文献