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1.
华北地台北缘燕辽钼（铜）成矿带矿床地质特征及动力学背景 总被引：29，自引：10，他引：29
华北地台北缘是中国重要的多金属成矿带,中段部位钼(铜)矿床的分布受区域EW向、NE向、NNE向断裂的联合控制。成矿带东端辽西地区以钼矿为主,西端冀北地区以铜(钼)矿为主。钼矿床的形成与燕山期中酸性小侵入体关系密切,矿床多产于花岗斑岩体之中或内外接触带中,矿床类型以斑岩型、斑岩_矽卡岩型、矽卡岩型为主。同位素研究表明,钼(铜)矿床成矿物质及成矿流体主要来源于下地壳或与太古代结晶基底有关的花岗岩;钼矿的形成主要与中生代富硅、富钾质花岗岩有关,而与铜矿成因有关的花岗岩酸碱度相对较低。成矿年代学研究表明,燕辽钼(铜)成矿带大规模成矿作用发生于180Ma左右和140Ma左右2个时期,其对应的成矿动力学背景分别为华北板块与西伯利亚板块后碰撞造山阶段和中国东部构造体制大转折晚期。 相似文献
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陕西秦岭东部地区中生代钼、铜矿床时空分布规律、控矿因素及找矿潜力分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
陕西秦岭东部地区中生代钼、铜矿床成矿类型齐全,有斑岩型、斑岩-矽卡岩型、矽卡岩型、石英脉型和碳酸岩脉型。钼矿床主要分布在小秦岭地区,有向西秦岭过渡和向南秦岭延伸的趋势;铜矿床主要分布在南秦岭地区。除碳酸岩脉型钼矿床外,这些钼、铜矿床多与花岗质小岩体具有密切的成因联系,不受容矿地层的限制,成矿时代主要集中在晚三叠世—早侏罗世和晚侏罗世2个阶段,与共生岩体的成岩时代多数相同,个别相差在10 Ma内。赋矿岩体多受近EW向与NE向或NW向断裂构造交汇部位的控制,与钼矿床有关的成矿岩体显示高硅(w(Si O2)71%)、高钾(K2O/Na2O1)、中铁(w(TFe)=0.13%~2.45%)特征,而与铜矿床有关的岩体相对低硅(70%w(Si O2)62%)、中钾(K2O/Na2O0.88)、高铁(w(TFe)=1.9%~4.8%)。矿石、岩体和地层的S、Pb、Sr、Nd同位素组成显示,除晚三叠世碳酸岩脉型和石英脉型钼矿的成矿物质来源于Ⅰ型富集地幔外,早侏罗世—晚白垩世斑岩-矽卡岩型及石英脉型钼、铜矿成矿物质以壳幔混源为主,但铜矿比钼矿具有更多的幔源物质。地质和地球化学特征指示,南秦岭和北秦岭地区有形成斑岩型铜、钼矿床的有利条件,也有不利因素,不利因素导致南秦岭和北秦岭地区浅部不易形成大型斑岩铜、钼矿床,但形成小-中型铜、钼矿床的潜力大。 相似文献
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北达巴特斑岩铜钼矿产于华力西期流纹斑岩中,矿体呈脉状,铜矿体地表为氧化物,钼矿体主要赋存于深部的流纹斑岩中,其矿化作用呈上铜下钼的双层矿化结构模式,矿化为细脉浸染状。矿床的成因类型为斑岩型铜钼矿。 相似文献
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冈底斯东段泽当大型钨铜钼矿新发现及走滑型陆缘成矿新认识 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
冈底斯成矿带以斑岩型铜矿(伴生钼矿)为主体,通常作为"挤压型"陆缘岩浆弧—"碰撞裂谷带"斑岩成矿的典型代表而被广泛关注,但层矽卡岩型钨铜钼矿和斑岩型独立钼矿的勘查和研究却未能引起足够的重视,尤其是层矽卡岩型白钨矿的发现,填补了区带矿种的空白;在雅鲁藏布江缝合带边部发现的隐伏斑岩型钼矿,突破了"挤压型"陆缘成矿认识的传统误区。中国冶金地质总局新近发现的冈底斯东段则当钨铜钼矿,既是一处大型钨铜钼矿详查开发基地,又是一组统一于陆缘走滑断裂构造成矿体制作用的钨、铜、钼矿床组合,称为"泽当矿田"。在NWW向雅鲁藏布江缝合带陆缘走滑断裂作用下,早期(68～40.3Ma)拉分型转换构造——NEE向剥离断层,控制了层矽卡岩型钨铜钼矿的形成;在NEE向冲木达陆缘走滑断裂作用下,晚期(30.26～23.62Ma)推闭型转换构造——NWW向逆冲断层,控制了隐伏斑岩型钼矿的形成。层矽卡岩型矿床形成和改造于68～66Ma和57～40.3Ma,叠加富集于斑岩型矿床的形成阶段——30.26～23.62Ma。 相似文献
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斑岩型铜(钼)矿床和斑岩型钼(铜)矿床是世界钼资源最主要的来源,提供的钼金属量相当。对比发现,两类矿床在流体来源演化以及铜和钼的相关性上较为相似,而在铜/钼比值、品位、矿物共生组合、蚀变类型等方面存在差异,特别是斑岩铜(钼)矿初始出溶流体中的Cl-/F-值、硫的总量、SO2/H2S以及H+/ K+比斑岩钼(铜)矿高。流体演化过程中有两方面因素可能影响最终沉淀的铜和钼比值：(1)铜和钼在流体中的性质差异,如铜以氯或硫络合物形式运移,沉淀受温度影响比较显著,钼以羟基或氯络合物形式存在,沉淀受压力控制比较明显;(2)流体自身氧逸度、pH、硫逸度的变化以及演化路径的改变。然而,和初始流体性质的差异相比,流体演化过程对最终形成矿床类型的影响是有限的,决定矿床形成斑岩铜(钼)矿化还是钼(铜)矿化的因素可能在流体出溶之前的岩浆起源演化阶段就存在。斑岩铜(钼)矿常分布在偏挤压的陆缘弧和大陆碰撞造山带环境,基底多为新生或加厚的陆壳,斑岩钼(铜)矿多出现在偏伸展的陆内裂谷、弧后及造山后伸展环境,基底可以为老陆壳或新生的陆壳;上述特征反映物源区或岩浆的起源和演化方式不同可能是制约形成斑岩铜(钼)矿还是钼(铜)矿的主要机制。 相似文献
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我国已发现的斑岩铜矿床分布在西南部、东部和北部.成矿时代和空间分布上,它们分别是全球性三大斑岩铜矿成矿域——特提斯—喜马拉雅成矿域、环太平洋成矿域和古亚洲成矿域的组成部份;成矿作用同喜山期、燕山期和海西期(可能还有加里东期)构造一岩浆活动有关.在中条山地区还发现有前寒武纪的斑岩铜矿床.我国斑岩铜矿床既有在大陆内部地台区和地槽褶皱系(带)构造—岩浆活化期形成,也有在优地槽演化过程中以及岛弧环境下产生;既有花岗闪长型斑岩铜矿床,也有闪长岩型斑岩铜矿床以及斑岩—矽卡岩共生的铜矿床;既有与岩筒状和岩株状斑岩体侵位有关的矿床,也有受断裂裂隙带和片理化带控制,与岩墙体或岩床休侵位有关的矿床;工业矿体既有主要赋存在成矿斑岩体内部的,也有主要赋存在成矿斑岩体接触围岩中的. 相似文献
9.
中国斑岩铜矿的成矿大地构造类型及找矿方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正> 在我国,斑岩铜矿有二种大地构造类型:地槽型斑岩铜矿和地洼型斑岩铜矿,后者又可称后克拉通型斑岩铜矿。按构造类型,地槽型岩铜矿分为二种:地槽期斑岩铜矿和褶皱带期斑岩铜矿。产于优地槽期下沉阶段的斑岩铜矿,见于中条山铜矿厂,其斑岩体主要由变石英二长斑岩和 相似文献
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内蒙古乌奴格吐山次火山斑岩型铜-钼矿床控矿因素分析及找矿方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乌奴格吐山铜-钼矿床属于受火山机构控制的陆相次火山斑岩型铜-钼矿床.矿体主要赋存在以次斜长花岗斑岩岩体为中心的环状分布的内外接触蚀变带中.研究认为,与火山机构有关的特别是次火山活动最强烈时期形成的多期次浅成-超浅成相中酸性次火山侵入体与铜-钼矿床的形成关系密切,石英-钾长石化及石英-绢云母化等交代型分带明显的面状蚀变晕等均是区域内斑岩型铜-钼矿床主要找矿标志. 相似文献
11.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(16):1843-1869
Numerous molybdenum (Mo) ore deposits have been discovered in the East Xingmeng orogenic belt (East Central Asian orogenic belt), over the past 10 years, and this region is becoming one of the world's most important Mo production areas. It contains 6.18 Mt of proven Mo metal reserves, which accounts for 30% of the total proven Chinese Mo reserves. The ore district includes 37 deposits and 15 occurrences, with three major Mo ore types, that is porphyries, skarns, and hydrothermal veins. The latter can be subdivided into quartz- and volcanic hydrothermal-vein types. With the exception of the Ordovician Duobaoshan porphyry Cu–Mo deposit (477 Ma), all the East Xingmeng Mo deposits formed during the Mesozoic. Re–Os dating of molybdenite has documented three episodes of Mo mineralization: Early Triassic (248–242 Ma), Jurassic (178–146 Ma), and Early Cretaceous (142–131 Ma). Early Triassic Mo deposits are distributed along the northern margin fault of the North China Craton (NCC) and include porphyry and quartz vein types. They are characterized by the association of Mo + Cu. Jurassic Mo deposits are mainly distributed in the eastern area and include porphyry, quartz vein, and skarn types. They are typified by Mo alone and/or the association of Mo, Pb, and Zn. Cretaceous Mo deposits are distributed in all areas and include porphyry and volcanic hydrothermal vein types. Similar to the Jurassic ores, they are simple Mo or Mo + Pb + Zn deposits. Volcanic hydrothermal vein deposits are characterized by an association of molybdenum and uranium. The Triassic Mo deposits formed in a syn-collision setting between the Siberian and North China plates. The Jurassic Mo deposits formed in a compressional setting, which was probably triggered by the westward subduction of the palaeo-Pacific plate. The Early Cretaceous Mo deposits are linked to a tectonic regime of lithosphere thinning, which was caused by delamination of thickened lithosphere. However, the Mo deposits in the Erguna terrane of the northwest Xingmeng orogenic belt may be related to the evolution of the Okhotsk Ocean. 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1311-1358
Molybdenum exploration activity in China has accelerated tremendously during the past decade owing to the continuous, increasing demand for Earth resources. China possesses the largest Mo reserves in the world (exceeding 19.6 Mt). The major ore deposits are of porphyry, porphyry–skarn, skarn, vein, and sedimentary types. Porphyry molybdenum deposits contain 77.5% of the Chinese Mo reserves, with lesser amounts in porphyry–skarns (13%), skarns (5.1%), and veins (4.4%). Exploitation of sedimentary-type molybdenum deposits thus far has been uneconomical. The six Mo provinces are in the Northeast China, Yanliao, Qinling–Dabie, middle–lower Yangtze River Valley, South China, and Sanjiang areas. We recognize six ore-forming periods: (1) Precambrian (>541 Ma), (2) Palaeozoic (541–250 Ma), (3) Triassic (250–200 Ma), (4) Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (190–135 Ma), (5) Cretaceous (135–90 Ma), and (6) Cenozoic (55–12 Ma). The abundance of Mo ore deposits in China reflects the occurrence of multiple periods of tectonism, involving interactions between the Siberian, North China, Yangtze, India, and Palaeo-Pacific plates. Precambrian molybdenum deposits are related to Mesoproterozoic volcanism in an extensional setting. Palaeozoic Cu–Mo deposits are related to calc-alkaline granitic plutons in an island arc or a continental margin setting. Triassic Mo deposits formed in the syn-collision–postcollision tectonic setting between the Siberian and North China plates and between the North China and Yangzi plates. Jurassic–Early Cretaceous molybdenum deposits formed along the eastern margin of Asia and are associated with the palaeo-Pacific plate-subduction tectonic setting. Cretaceous Mo deposits are related to high-K calc-alkaline granitic rocks and formed in a lithospheric thinning setting. Cenozoic molybdenum deposits formed in a collision setting between the Indian and Eurasian continents and the subsequent extensional setting. 相似文献
13.
Guangming Li Kezhang Qin Kuishou Ding Tiebing Liu Jinxiang Li Shaohuai Wang Shanyuan Jiang Xingchun Zhang 《Resource Geology》2006,56(3):315-336
Abstract. Medium‐ and large‐scaled skarn Cu‐Au±Mo deposits, e.g. Kelu, Liebu, Chongmuda and Chenba among others, are distributed in Shannan area of the Gangdese Cu‐Au metallogenic belt. Intrusions‐related skarn copper mineralization belongs to high K and calc‐alkaline rock series, located in late collision volcano‐magmatic arc and formed between 20 to 30 Ma. Copper mineralization occurs at exocontact zone of the lower Cretaceous Bima Group carbonate and other calcareous‐bearing sedimentary rocks with intrusions. At present, three main mineralization types are identified, including skarn type, hydrothermal vein type and porphyry type. Mineralizing associations are Cu‐Mo, Cu‐Au and Cu. In ore districts, those mineralization types form an entire porphyry‐skarn Cu‐Au±Mo ore‐forming system. Alterations of the exocontact are mainly skarnization and hornfelsization, while the alterations of the endocontact are mainly sericitization, silicification, and chloritization of intrusion. In the study area, the endoskarn is not well developed. Copper mineralization occurs mainly in the exocontact in the form of stratoid, lenticular and pockety ore body. Veined mineralization can be seen in marblized and hornfelsed siltstone, being away from the contact zone. In the endocontact, the mineralization is mainly veinlet‐like and disseminated. In Shannan area, skarnization can be divided into early skarnization stage and late hydrous silicate stage. The early skarnization stage is featured by mainly andradite and grossular skarn, containing minor diopside, hedenbergite, magnetite and some copper minerals; and the late hydrous silicate stage is of replacement of garnet skarn by chlorite, epidote, quartz and calcite together with sulfides precipitation. The latter is the main stage of copper mineralization. Bornite is the dominant ore mineral associated with minor chalcopyrite and pyrite; and gold as well as silver are distributed in bornite and wittichenite. Results of microthermometry study of fluid inclusions in quartz of late hydrous silicate stage from different deposits show intermediate temperature and low to intermediate‐salinity features for all samples. The dominant inclusion type is composed of two phases, being about 4 to 15 % vapor and 85 to 96 % liquid at room temperature. Homogenization temperatures range from 232 to 335d?C. Salinities have been recorded between 4.2 and 15.5 wt% NaCl equivalent. Boiling fluid inclusions are not identified and it indicates that metal deposition mainly resulted from water‐rock reactions. The results of sulfur isotope analysis indicate that the sulfur isotope values (δ34S 1.29–1.68 %o) of the samples collected from skarns are similar with that from the endocontact (δ34S 1–1.75 %o). Both of them have very close sulfur isotope values (near δ34S 0 %o), which indicate the sulfur of both the skarn type and the porphyry type mineralization was from deep sources. Ages determined on biotite from ore‐bearing intermediate porphyries by Ar‐Ar methods range from 23.77±0.29 to 29.88±0.56 Ma, showing that skarn copper mineralization in the study area evidently is older than the porphyry Cu(‐Mo) mineralization in Gangdese, and likely representing another metallogenic event. The Cu‐Au skarn deposits in the Kelu‐Liebu‐Chongmuda belt are interpreted as the shallow level, skarn‐related deposits in a porphyry‐skarn mineralization. Appearance of porphyry copper mineralization in some skarn deposits implies that skarn copper mineralization of the study area resemble to those in northern sub‐metallogenic belt, having uniform porphyry‐skarn ore‐forming system. Therefore, it is presumed there should be potential to find deep level porphyry‐type Cu‐Au mineralization targets. 相似文献
14.
冈底斯驱龙斑岩铜-钼矿区外围矽卡岩型铜矿的分布、特征及深部找矿意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
世界范围内,巨型斑岩型矿床外围通常发育有同时代且具有成因联系的矽卡岩-脉状金属矿床;二者往往互为找矿标志,共同组成斑岩成矿系统.形成于印度-欧亚大陆后碰撞背景,与中新世adakitic质侵入岩有关的冈底斯斑岩Cu-Mo矿床成矿带已成我国重要的矿产基地.位于冈底斯中段的驱龙巨型斑岩Cu-Mo矿床(>1000Mt Cu)是... 相似文献
15.
J.W. Mao F. Pirajno J.F. Xiang J.J. Gao H.S. Ye Y.F. Li B.J. Guo 《Ore Geology Reviews》2011,43(1):264-293
The East Qinling–Dabie orogenic belt accommodates the largest Mo ore district in the world. It contains 8.43 Mt of proven Mo metal reserves which accounts for 66% of the total proven Chinese Mo reserves. The Mo ore district includes 24 deposits and 12 occurrences, with four major types of Mo mineral systems, i.e., porphyry, porphyry-skarn, skarn and hydrothermal veins. The latter can be further subdivided into quartz vein and carbonatite vein types. Although Mo mineralization in the belt began in the Paleoproterozoic (1680 ± 24 to 2044 ± 14 Ma), all economically significant deposits were formed during the Mesozoic. Re/Os dating of molybdenite has shown that there are three episodes of Mo mineralization, i.e., Late Triassic (233–221 Ma), Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (148–138 Ma) and Early to middle Cretaceous (131–112 Ma).Late Triassic Mo deposits developed as molybdenite–quartz veins and carbonatite vein types. Stable isotope systematics (C, O, S) and high contents of Re and Sr indicate that the carbonatite Mo veins are mantle-derived. Porphyry and porphyry–skarn Mo mineral deposits were formed in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous and Early to middle Cretaceous. The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous granite porphyries that are associated with the Mo deposits usually occupy less than 1.5 km2 at the surface and are situated in the East Qinling area, far west of China's continental margin. On the other hand, the Early to middle Cretaceous batholiths and granite porphyries, , with associated Mo deposits are located in the Dabieshan area and eastern part of the East Qinling area. The Late Jurassic to Early Creataceous granitoids and related Mo deposits possibly formed in a back-arc extensional setting of the Eurasian continental margin, which was probably triggered by the oblique subduction of the Izanagi plate. The Early to middle Cretaceous batholiths and granite porphyries are linked to the tectonic regime of lithospheric thinning, asthenospheric upwelling and partial melting of the crust, induced by a change in Izanagi Plate motion parallel to the continent margin.In the East Qinling–Dabie belt there are vein type Pb–Zn–Ag deposits surrounding porphyry and/or porphyry–skarn Mo (W) deposits, forming well defined ore clusters. The same spatial arrangement (i.e., porphyry Mo stockworks and outlying Pb–Zn–Ag ore veins) is also observed at the deposit scale. Thus, Mo porphyry stockworks and distal polymetallic veins belong to the same ore system and may reflect an outward temperature decrease from the highly fractionated granite plutons. Both, porphyry stockworks and polymetallic veins, can be used as vectors for further prospecting. 相似文献
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In the Eurasian continent there are three huge metallogenic belts of Cu and Mo porphyry deposits, comprising the Paleozoic Central Asian Ore Belt in the north, the Tethyan Eurasian Ore Belt of Jurassic to Cenozoic age in the southwest, and the East Margin Ore Belt of the Eurasian Continent of Jurassic to Cretaceous age in the east. The latter is considered to be part of the vast Circum-Pacific ore belt. Some of the main features of the spatial–temporal distribution of Cu and Mo porphyry systems and related geodynamic processes of the three metallogenic belts are described. In particular, the key role of post-subduction – related porphyry ore systems is emphasized, comprising collisional and post-collisional Cu–Mo porphyry deposits during the geological history of the Eurasian continent. The recurrent feature of these ore systems and related felsic rocks is their derivation from partial melting of stagnant or residual oceanic slabs, and mixing with a variable amount of crustal material during magma ascent to shallower levels. 相似文献
17.
斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿床中微量元素富集贫化规律研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
依据江西城门山、内蒙古乌奴格吐山、甘肃白山堂三个斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿床试验资料, 探讨了斑岩型Cu-Mo矿床中微量元素的富集贫化规律。在斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿床中, 除存在成矿元素及其伴生元素的富集以外, 还存在着部分亲石分散元素、稀有元素等的贫化。发生贫化的微量元素因矿床而异, 既有共性又有特殊性。Sr等微量元素在斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿床中显著贫化并且有随Cu矿化增强贫化程度增强的规律, 可以作为判断与斑岩体有关的地球化学异常的成矿前景。此项研究成果为实现地球化学勘查指标的定量化提供了基础。 相似文献
18.
湖北省铜山口铜(钼)矿床成矿流体水岩反应数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湖北省铜山口铜(钼)矿床是一典型的夕卡岩 斑岩复合型矿床。通过对其流体包裹体的系统研究,确定了成矿流体的成分及温压条件;结合矿床学的研究,将成矿过程分解为两个平行的成矿阶段,即夕卡岩型矿化阶段和斑岩型矿化阶段。根据Johnson和Reed等人建立的水 岩反应模型,对该矿床的成矿流体与围岩的反应并析出金属沉淀的过程进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明:在斑岩型矿化阶段,成矿流体系统出现等焓减压沸腾过程并沉淀出大量的金属矿物,成矿流体分异为低盐度流体和高盐度流体;在夕卡岩型成矿阶段,沉淀出典型的夕卡岩矿物;在整个成矿过程中,成矿流体的pH值逐渐升高。模拟计算结果与实际地质现象非常吻合,说明所建立的水 岩反应模型可以为理解这一类复合型金属热液矿床的形成机制提供一个新的思路。 相似文献