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隔槽式褶皱与隔档式褶皱构成侏罗山式褶皱。传统观点认为,侏罗山式褶皱是滑脱作用所形成,其典型实例是在刚性岩体(基底)之上有一层软弱岩层,在软弱层之上的岩层发生“台布式”滑动而形成隔档隔槽式褶皱。黔东南地区隔槽式褶皱实地调查发现：（1）隔槽式向斜核部的地层比两翼和背斜核部的地层厚;（2）沿隔槽式向斜核部发育多期次活动的纵向断层,断层走向与褶皱枢纽一致;（3）背斜产状平缓变形弱而向斜产状急变变形强,背斜与向斜相间出露构成典型的强弱应变域,复杂变形发生在向斜核部。在湘黔交界处的寒武系内发育了典型的露头尺度隔槽式褶皱。通过隔槽式褶皱的露头尺度解析与宏观变形分析,认为黔东南隔槽式褶皱的形成受多期活动的断层控制,早期沉积阶段的正断层,控制了隔槽式褶皱紧闭向斜的发育位置,构造反转之后,先期断层是应力集中区,正断层转为平移或逆冲断层,在隔槽式褶皱向斜核部发育复杂变形。其次,正断层对隔槽式褶皱发育与逆断层对断弯褶皱发育的控制不同,前者断层发育早,后者断层发育晚。 相似文献
2.
黔东松桃地区燕山期构造特征研究——以高地超大型锰矿床为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黔东松桃地区构造格局主要是受到燕山运动影响形成。燕山早期,区内处于SEE—NWW向区域挤压收缩,形成了NNE—SSW向褶皱和断裂。下寒武统杷榔组—变马冲组地层和南华系下统大塘坡组地层作为两套滑脱层,在构造变形过程中起到滑脱作用,滑脱层内褶皱变形强烈,以大量紧闭、顶厚不协调褶皱为主要构造样式,而其上、下岩层则以断块或宽缓褶皱变形为主,以软弱层为界面,其上、下岩层发生逆冲滑脱作用,形成了区内隔槽式褶皱的构造样式。燕山晚期,区内处于NNE—SSW挤压为主,形成了区内NWW向小型褶皱和断裂,同时燕山晚期构造横跨叠加在早期变形之上,导致早期NNE向褶皱枢纽呈波状起伏,轴迹弯曲,部分地区形成了构造穹窿和构造盆地,部分早期断层呈左行走滑性质。在燕山早、晚两期构造作用下,高地矿区含锰岩系作为软弱滑脱层,向猴子坳向斜的核部进行滑脱聚集,使其在向斜的核部富集,翼部相对减薄。同时,由于犁式正断层的存在,也影响了锰矿层的保存与破坏。 相似文献
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用地面露头、地震和CEMP(连续电磁剖面法)勘探资料揭示的库车坳陷-南天山盆山过渡带构造变形特征难以用经典的“A型俯冲”冲断褶皱楔变形模型来解释,因而文中提出一种“分层变形、垂向叠置”的“非俯冲”收缩构造解释模型。所谓分层变形是指受古近系膏盐岩层和侏罗系含煤地层等软弱岩层分隔,不同深度的岩层发育不同的收缩变形样式;所谓垂向叠置是指不同层次的强变形带在垂向上叠置,不存在区域性大位移的拆离断层。位于盐岩层之上的新生界以滑脱褶皱变形为主,而盐下层的中生界沉积层及盆地基底则以收缩断裂变形为主。浅部的滑脱褶皱表现出紧闭背斜和宽缓向斜组合,背斜具有不对称形态,其核部在古近系盐岩层或侏罗系含煤地层中滑脱,可在陡翼发育破冲断层或缓翼发育顺层滑脱逆冲断层。深层断裂变形以向山脉倾斜的高角度基底卷入逆冲断层为主干断层,断层上盘形成冲断隆起,次级断层相对较少,下盘则发育一系列同向倾斜的次级逆冲断层构成楔状叠瓦冲断构造。深层断层向上延伸在古近系盐岩层中尖灭,部分次级断层向下延伸并在侏罗系含煤地层中或盆地基底面滑脱,但是主干逆冲断层高角度切入基底,向上则对应于浅层背斜的核部。基底卷入的高角度主干逆冲断层可能利用了先存正断层发生反转位移,并成为控制局部构造变形的主要构造要素。天山上升引起的垂直剪切作用是导致库车坳陷-南天山盆山过渡带发育高角度逆冲断层或促成先存正断层的反转的可能原因。 相似文献
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冀北辽西地区的盖层可分两个构造层，由燕辽复向斜和秦皇岛背形相互叠加，并相应发育两期推覆构造。复向斜范围包括内蒙古地轴和燕辽沉降带，是由长条形的3个背斜和2个向斜相间，及配套的EW向纵断裂、SN向横断裂和NE向、NW向的共扼断裂组成。著名的尚义一宽城一凌源一朝阳一北票断裂是复向斜及其次级背斜的轴部纵断裂，以南大岭组、窑坡组和北票组作为其裂隙充填物。燕山EW向断裂南北对冲现象是复向斜纵断裂放射状排列并向核部推覆的反映。秦皇岛背形以秦皇岛一凌源断裂为轴面，由复向斜的轴面褶皱而成，背形转折端在秦皇岛，呈相对上翘。本区NE向、NNE向断裂的叠加在区域上有不同的表现：冀北段NE向、NNE向褶皱叠加的结果使燕山段复向斜成为短轴褶皱样式，平面团呈NW向排列，符合Ramsay第一类褶皱干涉样式的第二种类型。复向斜的形成机制完全符合纵弯褶皱作用下岩石的变形原理，是西伯利亚板块和华北板块碰撞的结果；秦皇岛背形的形成是后期太平洋板块俯冲在欧亚板块之下所致。 相似文献
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燕山辽西地区的盖层可分两个构造层,由燕辽复向斜和秦皇岛背形相互叠加,并相应发育两期推覆构造。复向斜范围包括内蒙地轴和燕山沉降带,是由长条形的三个背斜和二个向斜相间,及配套的EW向纵断裂、SN向横断裂和NE向、NW向的共轭断裂组成。著名的尚义-宽城-凌源-朝阳-北票断裂是复向斜及其次级背斜的轴部纵断裂,以南大岭组、窑坡组和北票组作为其裂隙充填物。燕山EW向断裂南北对冲现象是复向斜纵断裂放射状排列并向核部推覆的反映。复向斜的形成机制完全符合纵弯褶皱作用下岩石的变形原理,是西伯利亚板块和华北板块碰撞的结果;秦皇岛背形的形成是后期太平洋板块俯冲在欧亚板块之下所致。 相似文献
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库车褶皱冲断带是一个典型的复杂含盐褶皱冲断系统。文章基于地震资料构造解析，采用离散元数值模拟方法，设计了2组数值模拟实验来探究先存被动盐底辟对含盐的双滑脱层褶皱冲断带构造形态及演化的影响，从而分析克深5构造区沿走向分段差异的盐构造变形特征和机制，并对盐下断层活动进行精细的定量分析。模拟结果表明先存被动盐底辟作为挤压构造变形优先发育的位置，是应力释放的优先区域，影响了盐上断层顺序和盐下断层的活动性，进而控制了构造沿走向的差异演化。通过将模拟结果与库车坳陷克深5构造区构造特征进行对比分析，吐孜玛扎背斜是盐盆地内部先存被动底辟受后期挤压变形的产物。吐孜玛扎背斜吸收大部分的缩短量，造成紧邻的盐下断片显著抬升，盐上受同构造沉积影响在背斜北侧形成一个宽缓的向斜，抑制了向斜内乱序断层的形成。先存被动盐底辟构造是控制克深5区域构造变形的主要控制因素之一。研究区东段不含先存被动盐底辟，依次发育有库木格列木背斜和喀桑托开背斜，背斜变形幅度向盆地方向减小，盐下断裂活动强度向盆地方向减弱，研究区西段含先存被动盐底辟，发育吐孜玛扎背斜，先存被动盐底辟的盐下断裂活动强度强于毗邻的断层。 相似文献
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延边北部火山岩型金矿带的构造特点 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
延边北部火山岩型金矿带,位于内蒙——兴安华力西期褶皱带汪清——珲春燕山期内陆断陷盆地内,与晚侏罗世形成的一套火山岩密切伴生。矿带、矿田、矿体等都明显地受构造——火山构造和火山构造的控制。一、基底主要构造特点基底由一套古生界变质岩和华力西期岩浆岩所组成(图1)。其中变质岩层,组成一个以小西南岔——四道沟一带青龙村群为核部的近南北的复式褶皱带,出露在区内复背斜西翼的是一套二叠系浅变质岩层。由于后期构造——岩浆活动的破坏和改造,复背斜的面貌已十分不清,但尚可依据岩层出露、岩层间的关系和产状等情况,辨认出银河洞、十里坪、西大坡、小西南岔等几个主要的正常和倒转的背、向斜褶曲。 相似文献
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区域变质一混合岩化发生后,在硼矿成矿前或成矿中,岩层发生了大规模的褶皱变形-辽河旋回一幕,形成一系列紧密线状复式褶皱、平缓褶皱及形态各异的穹窿构造。通过分析研究认为,宏观上最重要的成矿部位是背形向斜及向形背斜核部,其次是褶皱构造转折端、倒转翼深部返为正常翼的部位。并圈定出营口后仙峪背形向斜倾伏端（转折端）、辽阳粉城一岫岩头道沟向形背斜核部、岫岩影壁山向形背斜核部,宽甸大西岔硼矿正常翼转折端、鸡冠山暖河小向斜等5个找矿靶区。 相似文献
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《Journal of Structural Geology》2003,25(10):1659-1673
Detachment folds represent a major structural element in a number of fold belts. They are common in the Jura Mountains, the Zagros fold belt, the Central Appalachian fold belt, the Wyoming fold-belt, the Brooks Range, the Parry Islands fold belt, and parts of the SubAndean belt. These structures form in stratigraphic packages with high competency contrasts among units. The competent upper units exhibit parallel fold geometries, whereas the weak lower unit displays disharmonic folding and significant penetrative deformation. Two distinct geometric types, disharmonic detachment folds, and lift-off folds have been recognized. However, these structures commonly represent different stages in the progressive evolution of detachment folds. The structures first form by symmetric or asymmetric folding, with the fold wavelength controlled by the thickness of the dominant units. Volumetric constraints require sinking of units in the synclines, and movement of the ductile unit from the synclines to the anticlines. Continuing deformation results in increasing fold amplitudes and tighter geometries resulting from both limb segment rotation and hinge migration. Initially, limb rotation occurs primarily by flexural slip folding, but in the late stages of deformation, the rotation may involve significant internal deformation of units between locked hinges. The folds eventually assume tight isoclinal geometries resembling lift-off folds. Variations in the geometry of detachment fold geometry, such as fold asymmetry, significant faulting, and fold associated with multiple detachments, are related to variations in the mechanical stratigraphy and pre-existing structure. 相似文献
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Tectonic hypotheses for Archaean greenstone belts are tested against structural data from the Agnew belt, Western Australia. This belt shows the following critical features:
- 1. (1) A sialic infrastructure, formed by semi-concordant tonalitic intrusions, was present before tectonism began.
- 2. (2) An early deformation formed recumbent folds and a flat-lying schistosity; a second deformation formed major upright folds and steep ductile shear zones that outline the present tectonic belt. Neither deformation caused major disruptions in the stratigraphy. Both were accompanied by metamorph ism under upper greenschist to amphibolite facies conditions and low pressure.
- 3. (3) The belt is bounded on either side by tonalitic gneiss of unknown age, emplaced along steep shear zones.
13.
Origin and tectonic significance of a Mesozoic multi-layer over-thrust system within the Yangtze Block (South China) 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
Dan-Ping Yan Mei-Fu Zhou Hong-Lin Song Xin-Wen Wang John Malpas 《Tectonophysics》2003,361(3-4):239-254
In the Yangtze Block (South China), a well-developed Mesozoic thrust system extends through the Xuefeng and Wuling mountains in the southeast to the Sichuan basin in the northwest. The system comprises both thin- and thick-skinned thrust units separated by a boundary detachment fault, the Dayin fault. To the northwest, the thin-skinned belt is characterized by either chevron anticlines and box synclines to the northwest or chevron synclines to the southeast. The former structural style displays narrow exposures for the cores of anticlines and wider exposures for the cores of synclines. Thrust detachments occur along Silurian (Fs) and Lower Cambrian (Fc) strata and are dominantly associated with the anticlines. To the southeast, this style of deformation passes gradually into one characterized by chevron synclines with associated principal detachment faults along Silurian (Fs), Cambrian (Fc) and Lower Sinian (Fz) strata. There are, however, numerous secondary back thrusts. Therefore, the thin-skinned belt is like the Valley and Ridge Province of the North American Applachian Mountains. The thick-skinned belt structurally overlies the thin-skinned belt and is characterized by a number of klippen including the Xuefeng and Wuling nappes. It is thus comparable to the Blue Ridge Province of Appalachia.The structural pattern of this thrust system in South China can be explained by a model involving detachment faulting along various stratigraphic layers at different stages of its evolution. The system was developed through a northwest stepwise progression of deformation with the earliest delamination along Lower Sinian strata (Fz). Analyses of balanced geological cross-sections yield about 18.1–21% (total 88 km) shortening for the thin-skinned unit and at least this amount of shortening for the thick-skinned unit. The compressional deformation from southeast to northwest during Late Jurassic to Cretaceous time occurred after the westward progressive collision of the Yangtze Block with the North China Block and suggests that the orogenic event was intracontinental in nature. 相似文献
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Petrologic and structural investigations in a polydeformed terranein southwestern New Hampshire show that more than one stageof noncoaxial folding has significantly affected the metamorphichistory of this region. Detailed examinations of both isograd-isothermpatterns and mineral reaction histories within pelitic rockssuggest that pre-existing, nearly horizontal isotherms werefolded during an early stage of folding about north-south axes.After folding, thermal relaxation resulted in cooling in theanticlinal portions of the early folds and heating in the synclinalregions. This process of isotherm folding and re-equilibrationwas repeated during a later stage of east-west folding, resultingin complex isograd patterns and mineral reaction histories. Detailed mapping of isograd and isotherms in the pelitic rocksof this region shows a complex patten. High grade and high temperatureassemblages occur along early and late synclinal axes, withthe highest grade assemblages occurring at the intersectionof the two synclinal axes. Conversely, the lowest grade assemblagesare found at the intersection of the early and late anticlinalfolds. Four different types of fold intersections result from the twostages of noncoaxial folding. Pelitic rocks at each of thesefour different fold intersections show different and contrastingmineral reaction histories. At the intersections of early andlate synclines the rocks show evidence for continuous heating,while continuous cooling trends are seen at intersections ofearly and late anticlines. Complex reaction histories are observedat the intersections of early synclines and late anticlinesand early anticlines and late synclines, which show heating-coolingand cooling-heating trends, respectively. These results show that over small areas of a metamorphic terranedifferent samples may show widely different P-T paths. Therefore,without careful structural analysis and thorough sampling, tectonicinterpretations based solely on paths determined from a fewwidely scattered samples may lead to erroneous conclusions. 相似文献
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川东侏罗山式褶皱构造带的物理模拟研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
川东地区发育一系列NE走向的侏罗山式褶皱构造,按照褶皱的组合形态,自东向西发育隔槽式褶皱和隔档式褶皱,齐岳山断裂是二者的分界线。本文采取物理模拟手段对川东侏罗山式褶皱形成的控制因素进行实验研究,选取硅树脂模拟滑脱层,石英砂和微玻璃珠模拟沉积盖层,改变盖层与基底之间摩擦力、盖层的物性、滑脱层的埋藏深度等因素。模拟实验研究表明,滑脱层的深度和盖层性质是川东侏罗山式褶皱形成的主要控制因素。齐岳山断裂以东地区主要是下寒武统膏页岩充当滑脱层,滑脱层埋深较大,地表构造形态表现为隔槽式褶皱;齐岳山断裂以西地区,下二叠统泥质灰岩充当滑脱层,埋深较浅,盖层表现为隔档式褶皱。微玻璃珠是模拟侏罗山式褶皱较好的实验材料,推测川东薄皮构造带形成时候以塑形变形为主。 相似文献
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鄂西渝东区构造裂缝发育特征及力学机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对鄂西渝东区隔档式褶皱发育的构造特点,结合区域构造演化史,分别以隔档式褶皱和正弦曲线几何形态的褶皱建立模型,用有限元法模拟了褶皱不同构造部位的应力场分布特征。褶皱外侧为张应力集中区,内侧为压应力集中区,且应力矢量与地层产状平行,二者以中部既无明显挤压、亦无明显拉张的中和面为分界。通过野外露头和岩心观察,总结了鄂西渝东区构造裂缝发育的三种形式:具多层介质的非能干层中发育顺层裂缝;向斜内侧、背斜外侧的能干层中发育高角度剪切缝;背斜外侧、内侧具多层介质的非能干层中发育顺层裂缝与高角度缝共生的网状缝。这种特征与模拟结果呈现较高程度的一致性,可根据应力场模拟成果和裂缝发育地层的能干性进行合理解释。复向斜中的隆起区可作为页岩气勘探的重要目标。 相似文献
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The current study focuses on roles of the synclines in building mountains of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt from Northeastern Iraq, Kurdistan Region. The studied area is located in the Imbricated Zone, which is a continuation of Simply Folded Zone of Iran. In some parts of this zone, the synclines contribute to building nearly half of the mountains and increase the relief contrast of the landscapes. The role of syncline in building mountains is opposite to its apparent intrinsic shape which is located in low land and normally forms synclinal valleys. In studied area, this phenomenon is observable in the areas that are complexly deformed, deeply exhumed, and predominately composed of the carbonate rocks. In these areas, exhumation and stream erosion have removed high thickness of overburden rocks and the tectonic stresses have crenulated carbonate rocks in the synclines. Due to these processes, these synclines are observable on the peak of the mountains now. The contribution of synclines in mountain building is related to three properties: the first is folding of synclines in confined condition (relative to anticlines) by which they have transformed to highly compact and stiff rocks. The second is accumulation of hydrothermal or meteoric water in the synclines due to its downward bending which aids precipitation of minerals and heals the possible tectonically and lithostatically induced fractures. The third is ductile deformation of synclines in confined and deeper level as compared to brittle deformation of anticlines in relatively shallower level and unconfined condition during deformation. Consequently, these factors result in an inversion of topography by which synclines are remained as mountains (high topography) above surface during exhumation while erosion removes anticlines. The result of this study is applicable for geological, geomorphological, and structural mapping in highly deformed and deeply exhumed terrains. The possible prediction of geomorphological position of synclines and anticlines on the mountain peaks and valley bottoms respectively is the applicable result in the above terrains. 相似文献
18.
From the early Late Permian onwards, the northeastern part of the Sydney Basin, New South Wales, (encompassing the Hunter Coalfield) developed as a foreland basin to the rising New England Orogen lying to the east and northeast. Structurally, Permian rocks in the Hunter Coalfield lie in the frontal part of a foreland fold‐thrust belt that propagated westwards from the adjacent New England Orogen. Thrust faults and folds are common in the inner part of the Sydney Basin. Small‐scale thrusts are restricted to individual stratigraphic units (with a major ‘upper decollement horizon’ occurring in the mechanically weak Mulbring Siltstone), but major thrusts are inferred to sole into a floor thrust at a poorly constrained depth of approximately 3 km. Folds appear to have formed mainly as hangingwall anticlines above these splaying thrust faults. Other folds formed as flat‐topped anticlines developed above ramps in that floor thrust, as intervening synclines ahead of such ramp anticlines, or as decollement folds. These contractional structures were overprinted by extensional faults developed during compressional deformation or afterwards during post‐thrusting relaxation and/or subsequent extension. The southern part of the Hunter Coalfield (and the Newcastle Coalfield to the east) occupies a structural recess in the western margin of the New England Orogen and its offshore continuation, the Currarong Orogen. Rocks in this recess underwent a two‐stage deformation history. West‐northwest‐trending stage one structures such as the southern part of the Hunter Thrust and the Hunter River Transverse Zone (a reactivated syndepositional transfer fault) developed in response to maximum regional compression from the east‐northeast. These were followed by stage two folds and thrusts oriented north‐south and developed from maximum compression oriented east‐west. The Hunter Thrust itself was folded by these later folds, and the Hunter River Transverse Zone underwent strike‐slip reactivation. 相似文献
19.
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3):145-167
Folds constitute a significant part within the dominantly extension-related deformation pattern of the Gediz Graben and their origin either extensional or contractional has been the subject of debate. Field and subsurface data presented in this paper suggest that folds of contractional and extensional origin coexist in the graben-fill sediments. Contractional folds are predominantly observed within the Alasehir formation. A north vergent, plunging, asymmetrical to overturned geometry characterizes these folds and they are commonly observed in association with south dipping both thrust and reverse faults; the presence of thrust/reverse faults in the Gediz Graben is documented for the first time here. Fault data suggest an approximately N–S direction of compression that has governed the contractional deformation. Yet the limited distribution of these structures prevents to relate them with confidence to a regional deformation phase. Extensional folds occur in association with normal faults either as structures longitudinal or transverse with respect to the general graben trend. Transverse folds are a very common within the buried graben block, owing to the lateral displacement gradients (lateral difference in offset) on the individual fault segments along the southern margin of the graben. Synclines and anticlines have formed at displacement maxima and minima, respectively. Thickness of strata increases at synclines and decreases at anticlines, thus indicating the syn-depositional origin of the folding. 相似文献
20.
前陆区盐层对盐上盐下层构造高点的控制及石油地质意义 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
盐构造区经常有盐上、盐下层构造高点不对应的现象.根据边界受力条件的不同和盐岩与其他岩类的流变学性质的差异, 建立了在盐参入变形条件下, 前陆充填变形的盐上、盐下层构造高点关系的2种情况, 即当造山楔向前陆充填盐下层楔入时, 盐上向斜槽部对应盐下背斜顶部; 当造山楔向前陆充填仰冲时, 盐上背斜后翼对应盐下背斜顶部, 盐上背斜顶部对应盐下背斜前翼.结合库车前陆区的石油勘探实践, 讨论了2种情况的石油地质意义. 相似文献