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Juanle Wang Lei Shi Yujie Wang Mengxu Gao Bo Xu Chao Wang Mingming Wang Yanjie Wang Yezhi Zhou 《地球科学进展》1986,35(8):839-847
Scientific data are strategic resources, and the aggregation of scientific data is an important method to seize the upstream and competitive highlands of scientific data. Notably, it is challenging to grasp the international situation and the scientific laws concerning the mode of scientific data aggregation; exploring the modes and methods of scientific data aggregation that are suitable for China's national conditions is also difficult. This paper investigated and analyzed the modes of scientific data aggregation both at home and abroad from the viewpoints of international organizations, international scientific programs, government agencies, and professional data centers. Five modes of scientific data aggregation were summarized, including scientific research projects converging to designated data centers/repositories, scientific research projects dispersing to data centers/repositories, individual scientists submitting datasets to data centers/repositories with published papers, scientific research projects/individual scientists sharing directories/networks, big data computing/processing platform, and citizen science models of open and public convergence. This paper analyzed each mode and the corresponding cases. On this basis, the paper put forward six suggestions for the reasonable aggregation of scientific data in China, including the implementation of the “Measurement of Scientific Data Management”, certification of data aggregation centers, scientific data collection and publishing in journals, construction of data aggregation networks, aggregation of international resources, and construction of the whole data aggregation chain. 相似文献
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科学数据是国家重要战略资源,数据共享是这种资源有效开发利用的手段之一,也是当今科学研究范式向数据密集型转变的重要基础。现代信息技术与勘查方法的深度融合,使得地质勘查和地学研究领域被急速推向大数据时代,亟需从宏观层面上进行科学管理。欧美一些国家通过颁布政策方针及铺设数据基础设施等方式,推动着本国地质大数据管理的有效实施。文章对美、英、澳、加四国地质调查局的数据管理工作方面做了调查,从数据管理范围、数据政策、战略计划、重要数据库及主要数据工具等方面现状进行了介绍与分析,并对中国地质调查行业数据管理工作提出了一些建议：（1）数据管理政策应采用自顶向下设计,自底向上实施;（2）数据开放共享、融合交流是世界地调机构的发展趋势;（3）大力推进地质云建设,三位一体实现大数据治理;（4）促进数据共享基础设施建设,通过参与国际治理争取拿到更多的话语权。 相似文献
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建立卫星对地观测数据集成系统是遥感卫星数据信息资源有效管理与应用的重要手段。从我国对地观测重大需求以及前沿科学问题入手,提出大数据环境下卫星对地观测数据集成系统建立中亟待解决的关键技术,包括大容量异构对地观测数据集成的语义技术、基于网格的遥感图像快速处理技术、遥感大数据深度分析技术、多数据中心协同处理及云平台技术,为实现集成卫星图像、地面观测数据和模拟模型的元数据管理、几何精度纠正和卫星数据质量评价、海量卫星图像数据的空间分析与知识发现、分布式高性能卫星图像数据管理和归档等基本功能,为解决海量卫星数据分布式存储与计算、数据集成与互操作、空间数据分析与地学知识发现提供新思路、新技术与新方法。 相似文献
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After long-term development, mathematical geology has today become an independent discipline. Big Data science, which has become a new scientific paradigm in the 21 st century, gives rise to the geological Big Data, i.e. mathematical geology and quantitative geoscience. Thanks to a robust macro strategy for big data, China’s quantitative geoscience and geological big data’s rapid development meets present requirements and has kept up with international levels. This paper presents China’s decade-long achievements in quantitative prediction and assessment of mineral resources, geoscience information and software systems, geological information platform development, etc., with an emphasis on application of geological big data in informatics, quantitative mineral prediction, geological environment and disaster management, digital land survey, digital city, etc. Looking ahead, mathematical geology is moving towards "Digital Geology", "Digital Land" and "Geological Cloud", eventually realizing China’s grand "Digital China" blueprint, and these valuable results will be showcased on the international academic arena. 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2015
We examine the current ‘datafication’ process underway in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the power shifts it is creating in the field of international development. The use of new communications and database technologies in LMICs is generating ‘big data’ (for example from the use of mobile phones, mobile-based financial services and the internet) which is collected and processed by corporations. When shared, these data are also becoming a potentially valuable resource for development research and policy. With these new sources of data, new power structures are emerging within the field of development. We identify two trends in particular, illustrating them with examples: first, the empowerment of public–private partnerships around datafication in LMICs and the consequently growing agency of corporations as development actors. Second, the way commercially generated big data is becoming the foundation for country-level ‘data doubles’, i.e. digital representations of social phenomena and/or territories that are created in parallel with, and sometimes in lieu of, national data and statistics. We explore the resulting shift from legibility (Scott, 1998) to visibility, and the implications of seeing development interventions as a byproduct of larger-scale processes of informational capitalism. 相似文献
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本文针对目前国内大数据研究的现状,着重分析了在地球科学领域大数据研究落后的原因,指出大数据正在引发地球科学领域一场深刻的革命,大数据的关键不在于数据的大,而且在于思维的新;从数据出发,让数据说话,依靠人工智能方法,让机器学习、深度学习、可视分析等大数据技术逐步成为必需。利用大数据方法研究玄武岩构造环境判别图以及中新世岩浆事件的意义所取得的成果即是极佳的研究范例。文中指出,面向未来,大数据对于地球科学界来说,决不是可有可无的,它将创造奇迹。大数据作为第四科学范式的研究领域十分宽广,它将改变地球科学家的思维方式,从逻辑思维方式转变为由数据驱动的关联思维方式,文中呼吁科学界对大数据给予更多的关注和支持。 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(4):101383
Groundwater is an important water resource. The total amount of active groundwater in a hydrological cycle is about 3.5 times that of the total amount of surface water. The information in the deep groundwater records the material exchange and dynamics in the earth’s evolution, which is an important aspect of the Deep-Time Digital Earth (DDE) plan. In recent years, scientists have discussed the distribution of transboundary aquifers and the environmental significance of groundwater resources through groundwater databases established by international organizations, such as the Global Groundwater Information System and the chronicles consortium, and national institutes, such as national geological surveys. The application of the groundwater database in the DDE plan, however, has been limited by the management, interactivity, and monitoring method of the groundwater data. The ability to further integrate data that are private and scattered across research institutions and individuals, while establishing an open, unified, and shared groundwater data platform, is essential to enhance our understanding of groundwater, ranging from shallow to deep water, which is a goal of the DDE plan. In this study, we introduced the current situation of groundwater database operations in domestic and international research and provided frontier research with groundwater big data. Considering the related objectives of the DDE plan and the limitations of existing groundwater databases, we proposed an improvement plan and new prospects for applying groundwater databases in the research of the deep earth. 相似文献
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大数据助地质腾飞:岩石学报2018第11期大数据专题“序” 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
文中提出,大数据有广义与狭义之分:狭义的大数据以4V特点为标志,而符合大数据三个技术取向的、采用全数据模式的、从数据出发的研究是广义的大数据研究。大数据为什么应运而生?是因为科学发展遇到了瓶颈,遇到了难以解决的问题,大数据不仅开辟了科学研究的新方法,新思路,还引发了对科学哲学的反思。文中强调从理论驱动模式到数据驱动模式的转变,是研究方法和研究思路一个巨大的转变,这种转变开辟了新的科学创新之路。文中指出,在大数据时代,凡是能够用数据化表述的学科才称之为科学,而不能用数据化表述的学科就不是科学,能否被数据化是科学与非科学的分水岭。文中讨论了矿床学研究的目的,认为矿床学研究应当专注于查明矿床形成的规律,指导矿床的找矿,提高经济价值。提出在矿床学研究中应当加强对相关关系的研究。一个矿床的成因大家究竟是如何关注的,与成矿有关的因素很多,成矿究竟与哪些因素有关,在许多情况下可能就是一个相关关系的命题,而大数据研究的就是相关关系。因此,大数据与矿床学研究的思路是天然相通的。 相似文献
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人类已经进入大数据时代,大数据研究的思想、方法在地学领域也备受关注。笔者认为,大数据研究的对象是数据,研究的工具是计算机,研究的方法、手段是查明数据间相关关系,研究的特点是取向高概率做出决策。大数据是通过对大量数据的挖掘,查明数据间的相关关系,研究问题并做出正确决策的思想、方法。本文提出大数据是应用“归纳法”开展科学研究的思想、方法,以及高性能计算机和大数据计算技术使“归纳法”得以升华的观点。文章通过对统计学、机器学习算法的深入探讨,得出大数据将改变人们对自然的理解和认知方式,改变科学研究的思想和方法,改变长期以来人们通过查找因果关系开展科学研究的习惯。大数据必将开创一条跨越复杂的因果关系、直接获得研究结果的全新的科学研究途径。随着数据爆发式增长,随着高性能计算机的普及和计算技术的迅猛发展,统计分析方法将很大程度地突破数据体量的限制,统计分析预测模型以其真实可靠的处理结果、对条件和结果良好的解释能力、结合机器学习算法对半结构化与非结构化数据的处理优势,将推动地质科学进入定量化研究的新高度。 相似文献
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基于地质大数据理念的模型驱动矿产资源定量预测 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
在大数据科学成为新的科学范式的背景下,基于地质大数据理念,提出了模型驱动的矿产资源定量预测评价的新方法,以及模型流程建模技术贯穿整个矿产资源预测评价过程的新思路,以地质理论指导地质大数据分析和计算机技术实现地质大数据挖掘2条主线展开研究,实现了面向地质大数据的数据挖掘与矿产资源的定量预测评价。结合青海祁漫塔格铁铜多金属矿床、山东焦家金矿床、云南个旧锡铜多金属矿床等不同地区、不同成矿类型和矿种开展了应用研究,完成了找矿模型工作流的设计与实现,进行了有利成矿信息的挖掘,取得了较好的效果,为大数据时代数字地质研究提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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国际大陆科学钻探计划(ICDP)创立于1996年, 至今整整20年。ICDP最初由中国、德国和美国3个发起国组成, 目前拥有24个成员国, 在全球已经组织和资助了30余个大陆科学钻探项目和75个研讨会。研究领域覆盖了全球大陆地球科学的各方面主题, 在诸多领域取得了重要进展。此前我们曾介绍了ICDP的概况和进展, 本文概述近些年ICDP科学主题的调整、组织发展状况和申请流程, 着重介绍与中国地学界关系密切的活动断裂与地震、全球性气候周期与环境变化、地球深部生物圈和矿产资源等几个领域的主要进展或发展方向, 并简要介绍了我国开展的“大陆科学钻探选址与钻探实验”(SinoProbe-05)项目、“汶川断裂带科学钻探”(WFSD)项目以及正在进行的ICDP项目——“白垩纪松辽盆地大陆科学钻探”概况和成果。 相似文献
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中国勘查地球化学全面发展的重要标志和本质特征是大数据信息与地球系统科学。勘查地球化学的全面发展坚持资源与环境并重方针,真实生动地反映国家经济社会发展的历史轨迹,在科学技术领域具有典型意义。自然资源时期地质工作关于资源内涵从矿产资源、国土资源到一切自然资源,关于环境内涵从地质环境、国土环境到包括山水林田湖草生命共同体在内的一切自然环境。本文继2008年对此有所评述后,在国家自然资源部成立之际,地质工作面临深刻转型之时,从大数据信息科学与自然资源地球化学调查、建立地球系统科学指导的自然资源地球化学理论体系与自然资源地球化学评价体系,以及针对自然资源领域重大科学问题,深化地球化学应用研究与理论研究,构建完善的科学体系等若干值得注意的方面再次就此议题加以评论。勘查地球化学的长期目标是通过大数据信息与地球系统科学研究揭示自然资源与自然环境状况,实现对地球资源的科学开发、合理利用和整体保护,创造人类与地球和谐共处的生存环境。由此,转型和升级贯穿中国勘查地球化学发展的全过程。地球化学将以形态和内涵的系统性、综合性、整体性作用,以及应用实践的多目标全方位面貌出现在国家行业部门与科技领域,极大地拓展和深入经济社会发展各个方面。勘查地球化学以方法技术优势实行大调查、大数据、大应用战略,建立大环境、大生态、大地球观,向大地质、大资源、大科学转变,为解决自然资源与生态环境问题提供地球化学方案,将全面发展时期的勘查地球化学从大数据信息应用优势和地球系统科学理论高度提升到"大地球化学"境界。 相似文献
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水文是水利和国民经济建设与发展重要的基础工作。经过整编的水文资料是国家重要的基础信息资源之一, 它被广泛应用于防汛抗旱、水工程规划设计、水资源管理与开发利用、水环境保护、水科学研究及其他国民经济建设。长期以来,水文资料为我国水利和国民经济建设与发展提供了科学决策依据。随着经济社会发展和人民生活水平不断提高,对控制水旱灾害、水环境监测与保护、水土保持与生态、水资源管理等方面要求越来越高,对水文资料分析处理、存储、应用服务要求也相应提高。本文主要从技术角度,对我国水文资料整编主要技术方法和水文年鉴发展进行了总结与分析;对水文数据库有关技术标准制定、水文数据库建设成就进行回顾;同时结合水文信息共享和应用服务需求,对相关技术发展进行了展望。 相似文献
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国际大陆科学钻探（ICDP）进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
直接进入地球内部观察研究地球的成分、结构构造和各种地质作用是人类的长期梦想,就目前人类的科学技术条件,人们还不可能直接钻入地下进行实地取样与观察。科学钻探是获取地球深部物质、了解地球内部信息的最直接、最有效、最可靠的方法。国际大陆科学钻探计划成立以来,已经在许多领域取得了重要成果,发表了大量的文章。本文对科学钻探的发展过程、大陆科学钻探的意义、国际大陆科学钻探委员会成立的背景与建立过程、组织结构、立项程序、立项准则以及研究领域做了简要概述。对国际大陆科学钻探近年来在气候变化与全球环境、陨石撞击坑及撞击过程研究、地球生物圈、火山系统和热流机制、地幔柱和大洋裂谷、活动断裂、汇聚板块边界和碰撞带、自然资源等主要研究领域的重要进展做了综述,重点介绍了日本的云仙火山钻探项目、美国夏威夷火山科学钻探和圣安德列斯断裂深部观测计划的主要进展。概括和总结了中国实施的3个国际大陆科学钻探项目所取得的成果进展和中国的大陆科学钻探事业近期的主要活动。 相似文献
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地质大数据特点及其合理开发利用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大数据的合理开发与利用将开辟一个新的认知空间,提出解决各种实际问题的新模式,催生一个前所未有的数字经济新领域和开创一个新的人类生活方式。"数学地质"与"信息技术"结合形成"数字地质"。"数字地质"是地质科学的"数据科学"。地质数据科学是用数据的方法研究地质学,根据地质数据的特点和地质工作的需要研究和开发利用地质大数据。本文概述了地质数据的混合性、抽样性、因果性、时空性、多态性和多元性等主要特点,提出地质大数据的开发利用宜首先建立"知识库",据此建立"数据库""模型库"和"方法库",以便有针对性地做到获取、分析、研究和应用大数据。 相似文献
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Carbon verification, which can guarantee the reliability and credibility of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission data, is the most important part of the daily operations of the carbon emission right trading system. Many international institutions, countries and regions have conducted research on and have practiced carbon verification policies and systems. Through comparative analysis of the international carbon verification policies and systems, they can provide experience for Chinese unified national carbon market to start supporting carbon verification. The paper study concludes that (1) carbon verification systems developed by international institutions focus on the scientific level of verification methods; (2) carbon verification policies and systems issued by important countries and regions draw on International Standardization Organization (ISO)14064 standards based on their national conditions and focus on the scientific level and reasonableness of verification methods; (3) major international experience includes complete verification policies and systems, strict standard verification procedures, diversified verification forms and a focus on key emission sources. Based on the differences in China’s carbon emissions characteristics caused by unbalanced regional economic development and the conditions of carbon verification in seven pilot carbon trading areas, this thesis proposes the following suggestions: pushing forward the establishment of carbon verification policies and systems by accelerating legislation on climate changes; facilitating carbon verification in a coordinated manner; regulating key GHG emission sources; establishing and improving supervision on carbon verification; and intensifying international exchanges and cooperation.
相似文献20.
Climate change is one of the most active research fields currently, which has attracted extensive attention from the international community. In order to better understand the development situation and research status of international climate change science, in this paper we took the SSCI and SCI databases as data sources, collected the relevant literatures since 1900 based on the key words related to climate change, and made some statistics and analysis of the literatures of the past one hundred years to reveal the development process of climate change research as well as the development and evolution of its research topics and hot spots. The results showed that the climate change research began in the late 18 th century and early 19 th century, and the academic debate about global warming and global cooling started in the early 1970s. The international programs and projects led by a range of international organizations and intergovernmental bodies have contributed significantly to the rapid development of climate change research. The United States and the United Kingdom have long been the core countries of climate change research. The proportion of Chinese papers has risen rapidly in the last decade. The intensity and scope of scientific research cooperation are constantly expanding. Current research focuses on climate model/modeling, climate simulation, climate policy, climate sensitivity, climate change impacts, climate change adaptation, climate change mitigation, and rate of climate change. 相似文献