共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 132 毫秒
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The discovery of living microorganisms deep in the marine sediments and even in the oceanic crust (the marine “deep biosphere”), is one of the most significant and exciting discoveries since the ocean drilling program began almost a half-century ago. Investigation of the deep biosphere has become the most thrilling research frontier for both geological and biological sciences. The “biosphere frontiers” has been listed as one of the four themes in the 10-year plan of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP 2012-2023), including deep life, biodiversity and environmental forcing of ecosystems. Here, we introduced the deep biosphere and its environmental features, several completed Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expeditions, which targeted the subseafloor deep biosphere within the crust and sediments, and highlighted the main progress we have made in deep biosphere and deep life research, especially the contribution of Chinese scientists. Finally, we will give a perspective on the future of deep biosphere research according to the challenge we are facing and the key questions need to be answered. 相似文献
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In the past 50 years, we have witnessed remarkable progress in our understanding of the Earth and ocean system, as a result of the internationally integrated deep ocean drilling programs, the Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP), the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP), and the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP). One of the legacies of the deep ocean drilling programs is the development and applications of the CORK, Circulation Obviation Retrofit Kit. Earth and ocean sciences have been shifting from a traditional discontinuous, expeditionary mode toward a mode of sustained in situ observations today. The seafloor CORK observatories offer Earth, ocean and life scientists new opportunities to study multiple, interrelated deep marine subsurface processes, over time scales ranging from seconds to decades. Here, we first provided a concise examination of the development history of the CORKs, then described the first installations of ODP CORKs, the evolution of different models of CORK, and finally, summarized the scientific lessons learned in the installation and operation effort of the CORKs. In the end, we offered our perspectives on using CORKs to study geological, hydrogeological, microbiological, and biogeochemical processes in the deep marine subsurface biosphere, particularly pertaining to China’s efforts in establishing and enhancing its deep-sea and deep-biosphere research and monitoring programs. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2002,17(11):1435-1456
Geochemical studies of pore fluids and solid phases in two Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill sites (Sites 1037 and 1038) in the Escanaba Trough off Northern California have provided further data on the hydrothermal processes associated with the spreading of the Gorda Ridge. Previous work in the area of ODP Site 1038 includes the discovery of a hydrothermal system and associated sulfide deposits centered around an uplifted sediment hill in this sedimented extensional environment. This earlier work provided some insights into the present nature of venting; however, only deep drilling investigations can provide the means to fully understand the genesis and evolution of this system and associated hydrothermal deposits. ODP Leg 169 is the third deep drilling operation to explore the magnitude, genesis, and evolution of hydrothermal systems on sedimented ridges. Previous studies centered on the Guaymas Basin in the Gulf of California and the Middle Valley in the NE Pacific Ocean. Pore water studies in the reference ODP Site 1037 and in the hydrothermally active area of ODP Site 1038 have revealed the presence of a complex system of hydrothermally originated fluids. Whereas the data in the reference site indicate recent hydrothermal activity in the basal part of the drill site, the evidence in Site 1038 suggests that fluids of hydrothermal origin spread out at shallow depths around the central hill, causing substantial sediment alteration as well as deposition of hydrothermal sulfides in the near surface zone of the sediments. A second major discovery at Site 1038 was the evidence for fluid phase separation at depth at temperatures possibly in excess of 400 °C. This conclusion is based on the presence of both low Cl and high Cl fluids. The latter appear to be advected rapidly towards the surface, presumably along cracks and faults. The low Cl fluids, however, appear to be transported laterally along sandy horizons in the sediments, thus signifying two very different migration pathways for high Cl and low Cl hydrothermally phase separated fluids. Studies of the organic geochemistry of dissolved gases and matured organic matter corroborate these findings of extensive hydrothermal alteration of the sediments. 相似文献
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For the deep biosphere,the present is not always the key to the past: what we can learn from the geological record 
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下载免费PDF全文 Patrick Meister 《地学学报》2015,27(6):400-408
Microbial life below the Earth's surface (the deep biosphere) has probably varied significantly since the Archaean. Reconstructing changes in deep biosphere activity over geological timescales is necessary to understand its role in biogeochemical cycling. Even for the last few million years, such changes are often not captured by studying the distribution of present activity. However, several studies using samples from scientific drilling have revealed mineralogical, geochemical, isotopic and fossil organic molecule imprints in the sedimentary record that document rather different past deep biosphere conditions. Changing deep biosphere conditions can also be simulated using geochemical models. While some processes occurring in the past can be understood by comparing them with the present deep biosphere, others lack any modern analogue – they are defined as non‐actualistic. A non‐actualistic consideration of the deep biosphere is therefore essential for a better understanding of how Earth and life co‐evolved through time. 相似文献
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较为详细地介绍了大洋钻探计划（ODP）的科学目标，研究主题及其重要的科学意义，大洋钻探计划是当今举世瞩目的国际性海洋科学研究计划，其前身深海钻探计划（DSDP）孕育了20世纪70年代的地学革命,为“新全球构造理论”－－板块构造学说的发展提供了关键性的证据。自1985年开始的ODP成功地探查了地质历史演化中塑造我们这颗星球并决定了其现今环境状态的各种地质过程，揭示了控制地壳形成，海洋化学，海洋的深部和表面循环的各种地质以及生物圈和环境物理化学间相互作用的复杂性，DSDP和ODP的成功为实施新世纪海洋钻探－综合海洋钻探项目（IODP）的目标铺平了道路，IODP是在21世纪初即将实施的新的大洋钻探计划。 相似文献
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HuangWei LiuZhifei ChenXiaoliang WangPinxian 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(4):300-305
To determine carbonate contents of deep sea sediments using physical properties is an enjoyable and efficient paleoceanographic way, which has been processed successfully in many studies based on a low resolution, but rather than a high one. A series of mathematical methods including the least square method were used in this study to build multiple regression equations between color reflectance and carbonate content, and between magnetic susceptibility and carbonate content, based on the data of color reflectance and magnetic susceptibility collected via the ODP Leg 184 cruise, as well as measured carbonate contents. We found that percent carbonate estimated with diffuse reflectance is closer to the measured one than that estimated with magnetic susceptibility, and the multiple regression equation is varied in different sites. 相似文献
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IODP中的海陆对比和海陆相互作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
综合大洋钻探计划（IODP）将于2003年10月启动。与大洋钻探计划（ODP）相比,IODP规模更大,钻探和研究范围更宽,囊括地球科学的诸多领域,涉及海底生物圈、地球壳幔结构、俯冲工厂和地震活动、古环境记录和海底资源等。从海陆对比和海陆相互作用的角度,分析我国地球科学,尤其是新生代地质学研究中的一些特点和优势。中国新生代地质演化历史别具特色,如宏观地形格局的变化,喜马拉雅山和青藏高原的隆升,西太平洋边缘海的扩张,亚洲季风系统的形成等,这些特色成为中国科学家参与IODP科学研究计划的优势。 相似文献
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“四深”微生物是指深海、深地、深空和深时环境的微生物,特别是细菌、古菌、真菌、病毒等。人们对“四深”微生物的了解非常有限,是亟待突破的地球生物学前沿领域。“四深”微生物的研究对理解地球生命起源、界定生物圈的边界条件、促进地球科学与生命科学以及行星科学之间的交叉融合具有不可替代性的贡献。随着我国深海、深空、深地等重大工程计划的推进,一系列与“四深”微生物有关的前沿科学问题不断提出,包括地质微生物与气候环境的相互作用、地质微生物的生物安全与生态安全、地质微生物参与的隐匿地质过程等。特别是,“四深”环境活性氧自由基对微生物的影响、地质病毒对生物演化和地质过程的影响等前沿领域都亟待突破。活性氧自由基能对生物分子、细胞、组织和器官,乃至整个生物圈的演化以及微生物地质作用都产生重要影响。病毒引发了现代和近代诸多全球性疫情爆发,地质病毒则可能对生物的背景灭绝和大灭绝以及一些地质过程产生影响。 相似文献
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中国加入国际大洋钻探计划的5年总结（1998-2002） 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
中国大洋钻探学术委员会 《地球科学进展》2003,18(5):656-661
国际大洋钻探计划（ODP,1985-2003）及其前身深海钻探计划（DSDP,1968-1983）,是20世纪地球科学规模最大、历时最久的国际合作研究计划,30多年来一直在推动学科发展的前沿,导致了学科的一场革命。我国经国务院批准于1998年春正式加入大洋钻探计划,年付50万美元,成为第一个"参与成员"（as sociated member）。加入大洋钻探计划近 5年来,已经取得重大进展。
（1）成功地在南海实施了ODP184航次。这次在我国科学家建议、设计和主持下的航次在南海 2 000～3 000 m深水区的 6个站位取芯超过 5 000 m,实现了中国海大洋钻探零的突破,使我国一举进入国际深海研究的前沿。在航次后的研究中,我国取得的成果也遥遥领先,不仅在不同时间尺度上取得了西太平洋区迄今为止最佳的深海沉积记录,而且在气候演变的周期性、亚洲季风变迁和南海盆地演化等方面获得了大量创新成果,其中包括学术上的突破性进展,目前正在逐步向国际学术界展示。
（2）促进了我国深海基础研究及其基地建设。加入ODP近 5年来,我国深海基础研究迅速发展,继国家自然科学基金重大项目（东亚古季风的海洋记录）后,又于2000年底启动了国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"地球圈层相互作用中的深海过程和深海记录",并实现了深海国家重点基础研究发展规划（973）项目和"大洋专项"的相互结合,已有教育部、中国科学院、海洋局、国土资源部等部门的10多个实验室或研究所在不同程度上加入深海基础研究,其中包括至少 6所重点大学在内,已经初步建成了以深海研究为重要目标的重点实验室,初步涌现出一批有成就的青年科学家。
（3）增强了我国在有关国际学术界的地位。尽管我国支付的成员费只占ODP整个预算的百分之一强,4年来所起的作用已远不以此为限。特别在筹备新的"综合大洋钻探"计划中,我国代表在有关专业组中的席位已应邀由 2个增至 5个,仅2001-2002年春一年内就有 3次大洋钻探的国际会议在我国举行,近 5年来ODP和筹备中的IODP方面至少有 6批共数十人次访华,是90年代新加入ODP各个成员中最为活跃的一个。
大洋钻探是一项长周期、高层次的国际科研计划,近 5年来我国以南海航次为中心的研究成果刚开始产出,预计近两年内将达到高潮;而随之建立起来的队伍和基地也可望在未来几年在更大领域范围内进入国际前沿,取得新的重大进展。 相似文献
（1）成功地在南海实施了ODP184航次。这次在我国科学家建议、设计和主持下的航次在南海 2 000～3 000 m深水区的 6个站位取芯超过 5 000 m,实现了中国海大洋钻探零的突破,使我国一举进入国际深海研究的前沿。在航次后的研究中,我国取得的成果也遥遥领先,不仅在不同时间尺度上取得了西太平洋区迄今为止最佳的深海沉积记录,而且在气候演变的周期性、亚洲季风变迁和南海盆地演化等方面获得了大量创新成果,其中包括学术上的突破性进展,目前正在逐步向国际学术界展示。
（2）促进了我国深海基础研究及其基地建设。加入ODP近 5年来,我国深海基础研究迅速发展,继国家自然科学基金重大项目（东亚古季风的海洋记录）后,又于2000年底启动了国家重点基础研究发展规划项目"地球圈层相互作用中的深海过程和深海记录",并实现了深海国家重点基础研究发展规划（973）项目和"大洋专项"的相互结合,已有教育部、中国科学院、海洋局、国土资源部等部门的10多个实验室或研究所在不同程度上加入深海基础研究,其中包括至少 6所重点大学在内,已经初步建成了以深海研究为重要目标的重点实验室,初步涌现出一批有成就的青年科学家。
（3）增强了我国在有关国际学术界的地位。尽管我国支付的成员费只占ODP整个预算的百分之一强,4年来所起的作用已远不以此为限。特别在筹备新的"综合大洋钻探"计划中,我国代表在有关专业组中的席位已应邀由 2个增至 5个,仅2001-2002年春一年内就有 3次大洋钻探的国际会议在我国举行,近 5年来ODP和筹备中的IODP方面至少有 6批共数十人次访华,是90年代新加入ODP各个成员中最为活跃的一个。
大洋钻探是一项长周期、高层次的国际科研计划,近 5年来我国以南海航次为中心的研究成果刚开始产出,预计近两年内将达到高潮;而随之建立起来的队伍和基地也可望在未来几年在更大领域范围内进入国际前沿,取得新的重大进展。 相似文献
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ODP1148站深海沉积岩心的磁化率记录显示出较强的周期性变化规律．研究发现,中新世和渐新世的深海地层物性参数具有很强的斜率周期．Shackletoneta1．利用这一规律,以北半球高纬太阳辐射曲线作为天文调谐的目标,以ODP154航次的深海沉积岩心的磁化率记录作为调谐对象,将磁化率的极大值与北半球天文辐射的极小值相对应,建立了14～34Ma的天文调谐的年代标尺．采用相同的方法,利用南海北部ODP1148站深海沉积岩心的磁化率记录和北半球高纬太阳辐射曲线建立了南海中中新世天文调谐的年代标尺．调谐后的磁化率记录显示了很强的斜率周期和较强的岁差周期,并与太阳辐射在这2个记录上高度相关,此外偏心率周期在磁化率记录中也较显著．调谐后1148站的浮游有孔虫事件年龄与ODP154航次采用相同的天文调谐方法获取的事件年龄异常接近,而与传统方法获取的生物地层事件年龄有较大差距,这在一定程度上证明了利用天文调谐的方法建立中新世深海地层年代标尺的可行性． 相似文献